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Populism is on the rise in Europe and the Americas. Scholars increasingly understand populist forces in terms of their ideas or discourse, one that envisions a cosmic struggle between the will of the common people and a conspiring elite. In this volume, we advance populism scholarship by proposing a causal theory and methodological guidelines a research program based on this ideational approach. This program argues that populism exists as a set of widespread attitudes among ordinary citizens, and that these attitudes lie dormant until activated by weak democratic governance and policy failure. It offers methodological guidelines for scholars seeking to measure populist ideas and test their effects. And, to ground the program empirically, it tests this theory at multiple levels of analysis using original data on populist discourse across European and US party systems; case studies of populist forces in Europe, Latin America, and the US; survey data from Europe and Latin America; and experiments in Chile, the US, and the UK. The result is a truly systematic, comparative approach that helps answer questions about the causes and effects of populism.

Recenzijas

"This pioneering volume is the first collection of empirical, mostly comparative, studies of populism at the elite and mass level, which is truly grounded in the increasingly dominant ideational approach. It should be required reading for both the few old and the many new scholars of populism." Cas Mudde, Stanley Wade Shelton UGAF Professor, University of Georgia, USA

"This volume is sure to be a landmark in the comparative study of populism. It brings together a team of scholars who share an ideational approach to the study of populism, and it demonstrates how this approach lends itself to a wide range of methodological tools both quantitative and qualitative to empirically analyze populist ideas in elite political discourse and mass beliefs. In so doing, it brings much-needed analytical coherence to a field of study where scholars too often disagree on fundamental concepts and speak past one another." Kenneth M. Roberts, Richard J. Schwartz Professor, Cornell University, USA

"The Ideational Approach to Populism is a timely and compelling book that takes seriously the ideology and appeals of populist movements. Its rigorous and compelling analyses of populism range from Latin American party manifestoes, to episodes of historical populist mobilization in Europe, to experimental evidence regarding the role of corruption as a catalyst for populist support. The result is a rich and multi-faceted volume that is a must-read for scholars of populism and for others intrigued by the phenomenon." Anna Grzymala-Busse, Michelle and Kevin Douglass Professor, Political Science, Stanford, USA

List of figures
xi
List of tables
xiv
Contributor biographies xvii
Preface xxii
Introduction: the ideational approach 1(24)
Kirk A. Hawkins
Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser
PART I Measuring populist ideas
25(154)
1 Textual analysis: big data approaches
27(22)
Kirk A. Hawkins
Bruno Castanho Silva
2 Textual analysis: the UK party system
49(18)
Luke March
3 Textual analysis: an inclusive approach in Croatia
67(23)
Marijana Grbesa
Berto Salaj
4 Expert surveys
90(22)
Nina Wiesehomeier
5 Elite surveys
112(16)
Ioannis Andreadis
Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell
6 Public opinion surveys: evaluating existing measures
128(22)
Steven M. Van Hauwaert
Christian H. Schimpf
Flavio Azevedo
7 Public opinion surveys: a new scale
150(29)
Bruno Castanho Silva
Ioannis Andreadis
Eva Anduiza
Nebojsa Blanusa
Yazmin Morlet Corti
Gisela Delfino
Guillem Rico
Saskia P. Ruth-Lovell
Bram Spruyt
Marco Steenbergen
Levente Littvay
PART II Testing the ideational theory
179(240)
8 Populist mobilization across time and space
181(21)
Hans-Georg Betz
9 Populist success in Latin America and Western Europe: ideational and party-system-centered explanations
202(36)
Simon Bornschier
10 Conditional populist voting in Chile, Greece, Spain, and Bolivia
238(41)
Ioannis Andreadis
Kirk A. Hawkins
Ivan Llamazares
Matthew M. Singer
11 Populist success: a qualitative comparative analysis
279(15)
Bruno Castanho Silva
12 Populism in Spain: the role of ideational change in Podemos
294(17)
Margarita Gomez-Reino
Ivan Llamazares
13 Populism in Venezuela: the role of the opposition
311(19)
Sahar Abi-Hassan
14 Populism in Belgium: the mobilization of the body anti-politic
330(20)
Koen Abts
Thierry Kochuyt
Stijn Van Kessel
15 Populism in the US: the evolution of the Trump constituency
350(24)
Wendy Rahn
16 Activating populist attitudes: the role of corruption
374(22)
Ethan C. Busby
David Doyle
Kirk A. Hawkins
Nina Wiesehomeier
17 Populist voters: the role of voter authoritarianism and ideology
396(23)
Rosario Aguilar
Ryan E. Carlin
Conclusion 419(19)
Ryan E. Carlin
Kirk A. Hawkins
Levente Littvay
Jennifer Mccoy
Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser
Index 438
Kirk A. Hawkins, Brigham Young University, USA.

Ryan E. Carlin, Georgia State University, USA.

Levente Littvay, Central European University, Hungary.

Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Universidad Diego Portales, Chile.