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E-grāmata: Identity, Gender and Teaching English in Japan

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How do teachers who have chosen to settle down in one country manage the difficulties of living and teaching English in that country? How do they develop and sustain their careers, and what factors shape their identity? This book answers these questions by investigating the personal and professional identity development of ten Western women who teach English in various educational contexts in Japan, all of whom have Japanese spouses. The book covers issues of interracial relationships, expatriation, equality and employment practices as well as the broader topics of gender and identity. The book also provides a useful overview of English language teaching and learning in Japan.



How do teachers, who have chosen to settle down in one country, manage the difficulties of living and teaching English in that country? This book answers this question by investigating the personal and professional identity development of ten Western women with Japanese spouses who teach English in various educational contexts in Japan.

Recenzijas

A fascinating and insightful study of the experience and identity politics of Western female English language teachers working in Japan, which offers a detailed and absorbing portrait of the cultural, social and professional issues faced by language educators pursuing a career abroad. * Philip Seargeant, The Open University, UK * Listen to these women's voices. Feel them resonate. Learn about the many gendered constraints, attitudes and stereotypes that are limiting their potential. Think about how much the field of English language education and society as a whole stand to gain if only we could all free ourselves from the inequities so incisively exposed in these pages. * Gerry Yokota, Osaka University, Japan * Overall (these women's) narratives are varied, yet their collective resilience displayed through their stories is nothing short of admirable. This remarkably thorough text traverses historical, sociocultural and gendered discourses to present and explore the experiences of ten language teachers abroad. Graduate students and scholars interested in issues of language teaching, identity, gender, and culture will find it a valuable resource. -- Lisa Gonzalves, University of California, Davis, USA * Journal of Language, Identity & Education 2018, Vol. 17, No. 2 * It is evident that Nagatomo, as an insider of the Western female English teacher population in Japan, has successfully provided a powerful yet sensible snapshot of her study participants' lives that few researchers can personally access or replicate.(...) Nagatomo's volume indeed makes a significant contribution to the TESOL field for it highlights specific and real connections between identity, gender, and the profession of teaching English in Japan. -- hisato Nonaka, University of Hawai'i at Mnoa, USA * Women's Studies International Forum, 2016 * Despite her personal interest in and experience of this topic, Nagatomo has made an obvious and concerted effort to remain neutral and faithfully presents various perspectives for controversial ideas. (...) These stories no doubt have relevance for any foreign woman in the industry, and would provide interesting and useful insight for their male and Japanese colleagues. To the layperson, the case studies presented here represent a window into the world of English-teaching in Japan, and an interesting look at the cultural and social experiences of the women who make up a large part of that world. -- Melissa Noguchi * Association of Foreign Wives of Japanese, August 2016. * In her most recent book, Identity, Gender and English Teaching in Japan, Nagatomo continues to provide excellent scholarship in this fieldin this instance, looking at the personal and professional identities of ten foreign female English teachers living in Japan who are or were married to Japanese men. -- Aaron Hahn, Fukuoka University, Japan * Journal and Proceedings of GALE 2016 Vol. 9 *

Conversation xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Glossary of Some Key Japanese Terms xvii
Foreword xix
1 Introduction 1(9)
English Language Learning and Teaching in Japan
1(2)
See the World and Teach English Abroad
3(2)
Rationale and Motivation for the Study
5(3)
Overview of the Book
8(2)
2 The Japanese Context 10(25)
Introduction
10(1)
Yakudoku as a Teaching and Learning Method
10(2)
Japan's First Exposure to European Languages
12(2)
English Gains Importance
14(2)
English in the Meiji Era (1868-1912)
16(8)
Missionaries as English language teachers
17(2)
Japanese go abroad
19(1)
Foreign experts and foreign language teachers
20(2)
Replacing the foreign experts
22(2)
Decline in English Ability
24(1)
English in the 1900s
25(1)
Harold Palmer
26(2)
Before and During WWII
28(1)
Postwar English
28(2)
English in the 1970s
30(3)
Summary of
Chapter 2
33(2)
3 1980's until Today 35(25)
Introduction
35(1)
Eikaiwa
36(5)
The business side of eikaiwa
37(1)
Ideologies surrounding eikaiwa
38(1)
Eikaiwa teachers
39(2)
Secondary Schools
41(8)
Public education vs. private education
41(1)
The JET program
42(3)
Outsourced and direct-hire ALTs
45(2)
Attitudes toward ALTs
47(1)
Stand-alone teaching
48(1)
Higher Education
49(9)
Standard and nonstandard positions in Japanese universities
51(1)
Part-time teachers
52(2)
Contracted full-time teachers
54(2)
Tenured positions
56(1)
Japanese and foreign teachers are different
57(1)
Summary of
Chapter 3
58(2)
4 Gender Issues Surrounding English in Japan 60(31)
Introduction
60(1)
Interracial Romance Between Japanese and Westerners
60(3)
Interracial Relationships from the 1880's to the Wartime Years
63(4)
Japanese war brides
65(2)
Hollywood-Constructed Relationships
67(1)
Mismatched Relationships?
68(2)
Booming economy and Japanese women
69(1)
International Marriage Today
70(4)
Summary of Interracial Relationships
74(1)
Gendered Issues and Language Learning and Language Teaching
75(7)
Japanese women and English studies
75(2)
Charisma Man
77(2)
The fine line between flirting and harassment
79(1)
Sexually charged university classrooms
80(2)
It's a Man's World
82(2)
Male and Female University Teachers
84(2)
Hostilities against Women
86(2)
Summary of Gendered Issues in Language Learning and Language Teaching
88(1)
Conclusion of the Background
Chapters
88(3)
5 Methods 91(15)
Introduction
91(1)
Teachers' Professional Identity
91(1)
Narrative as a Research Method
92(1)
The Participants
93(3)
Interviews
95(1)
Transcription Method
96(2)
Process of Analysis
98(1)
Participant Confirmations
99(1)
The Theoretical Frameworks: Gee (2000) and Wenger (1998)
99(4)
Gee (2000)
100(2)
Wenger's (1998) Communities of Practice (CoP)
102(1)
My Position Within the Study
103(1)
A Word of Caution
104(1)
Organization of Discussion
Chapters 6-9
104(2)
6 Destination Japan 106(23)
Introduction
106(1)
Deciding to Come to Japan
106(4)
The JETS
110(9)
Louisa
110(2)
Margaret
112(2)
Victoria
114(1)
Pat
115(1)
Theresa
116(1)
Carrie
117(2)
The Other Teachers
119(5)
Annie
119(1)
Andrea
120(1)
Lisa
121(1)
Sarah
122(2)
Reactions to their Marriages
124(3)
The women's families
124(1)
The husbands' families
125(2)
Acceptance from the husbands' families
127(1)
Summary of
Chapter 6
127(2)
7 Running an Eikaiwa Business 129(17)
Introduction
129(1)
Getting Up and Running
130(1)
The Students
131(3)
Children versus adults
132(1)
Dwindling enrolment
132(1)
Reasons for fewer students
133(1)
Problem students
133(1)
Fighting Against the Ideologies of Eikaiwa and Eigo
134(1)
Is Eikawa just fun and games?
135(1)
More Than English Lessons
135(1)
Teaching Adults
136(2)
Socializing at eikaiwa
136(1)
Friendly with students, but not really friends
137(1)
Money Matters
138(4)
Financial dependence/independence and taxes
138(2)
Collecting tuition
140(1)
Misunderstandings about eikaiwa teachers' incomes
141(1)
Louisa and Margaret's Futures
142(1)
Examining Margaret and Louisa's Identities Through Gee's (2000) Theoretical Lens
143(1)
Summary of
Chapter 7
144(2)
8 The Jugglers 146(27)
Introduction
146(1)
Victoria: Priest and English Teacher
146(10)
Victoria's schedule
147(1)
School bus driver
148(1)
Identity conflicts as a priest and a teacher
148(2)
Victoria's teaching
150(1)
Being an ALT
151(3)
Private teaching
154(1)
Victoria: In conclusion
155(1)
Lisa: A 30-Lesson-a-Week Teacher
156(3)
Teaching in the aftermath of the earthquake
157(2)
High-school Teaching
159(4)
The daycare centers/kindergartens
160(1)
Private lessons
161(1)
Lisa: In conclusion
161(2)
Louisa: From Eikaiwa School Owner to University Lecturer
163(8)
Developing a new professional identity
164(1)
Becoming an proficiency examiner
164(1)
Teaching in tertiary education
165(1)
Understanding the hierarchy of university teaching
166(1)
Finding her own way as a university teacher
167(2)
Differences in running an eikaiwa school and being a part of larger organizations
169(1)
You can't go back
169(1)
Louisa: In conclusion
170(1)
Summary of
Chapter 8
171(2)
9 The Full Timers 173(28)
Introduction
173(1)
Andrea: From Public High School to Private University Lecturer
174(1)
Going to Graduate School
175(8)
Deciding to leave
176(1)
Moving to a university
177(1)
Collaboration and camaraderie
178(1)
University students versus high-school students
179(1)
Andrea and CoP
180(3)
Annie: A Private High School Teacher
183(8)
In the beginning
183(1)
Developing a reputable English program
184(1)
The strengths of team teaching in a global studies program
184(1)
On being a language teacher
185(1)
Improving Japanese skills
186(1)
On being a working mother and raising a bicultural child
186(2)
Retired life
188(1)
On being an insider foreigner living in Japan
188(1)
Comparing Annie and Andrea's degrees of belonging to their schools' CoP
189(2)
Sarah: A Tenured Professor
191(8)
The university's English program
191(1)
Outsourcing teachers
192(2)
Traveling abroad with students
194(1)
The teaching
195(1)
Graduate degree
196(1)
Promotion
197(1)
On being marginalized
197(1)
Sarah's future
198(1)
Sarah's placement in her CoP
199(1)
Summary of
Chapter 9
199(2)
10 Concluding Comments 201(12)
Introduction
201(2)
Summing It All Up
203(8)
Time of arrival
204(1)
Location
204(1)
Resourcefulness
205(2)
Being a non-Japanese native English speaking teacher
207(2)
Gender issues
209(2)
Closing Thoughts
211(2)
References 213(16)
Author Index 229(4)
Subject Index 233
Diane Hawley Nagatomo is Associate Professor at Ochanomizu University, Japan. Her research interests include teacher beliefs, teacher identity, materials development and gender. Her previous publications include Exploring Japanese University English Teachers Professional Identity (Multilingual Matters, 2012).