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Illustrated Guide to Pruning 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

4.54/5 (112 ratings by Goodreads)

Edward Gilman (University of Florida)

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 22x213x274 mm, weight: 1043 g
Izdošanas datums: 08-Aug-2011
Izdevniecība: Delmar Cengage Learning
ISBN-10: 111130730X
ISBN-13: 9781111307301

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Horticulture

Mīkstie vāki
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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 22x213x274 mm, weight: 1043 g
Izdošanas datums: 08-Aug-2011
Izdevniecība: Delmar Cengage Learning
ISBN-10: 111130730X
ISBN-13: 9781111307301

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Horticulture

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781111307301.html

Keywords:

Well written and easy to understand, An ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO PRUNING, Third Edition is a must-have for anyone interested in the pruning and maintenance of trees. Filled with updated illustrations, photographs, and examples, this completely updated guide is designed to help readers understand and implement the appropriate pruning practices that are vital to developing sustainable structure in the first 25 years of a tree's life. Coverage includes a variety of information about the challenges associated with pruning such as disease prevention, root pruning, mature tree pruning, and restoration following storms. With its simple tables, lists, and strategies, this book is an appealing resource for horticulture, landscape and tree associations and industries and is a natural addition for botanic garden and arboreta bookstores.

Recenzijas

1. Introduction to Pruning. 2. Plant Selection, Placement, and Management: The Best Way to Minimize Pruning Needs. 3. Tree Structure. 4. Tree Biology. 5. Pruning Cuts. 6. Pruning Tools. 7. When to Prune. 8. Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Trunk and Leader. 9. Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Crown. 10. Developing and Maintaining Special Forms. 11. Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Strategies. 12. Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Execution 13. Pruning Types on Established Trees. 14. Mature and Storm Damaged Trees. 15. Maintaining Special Trees and Sites. 16. Root Pruning. 17. Standards and Specifications. 18. Shrub Pruning.

Preface

xvi

Acknowledgments

xix

Chapter 1 Introduction to Pruning

(16)

Introduction

(2)

Objectives of Pruning

(4)

Pruning Trees to Improve Structure

(1)

Pruning Strategies

(2)

Inspect the Tree Before Climbing

(1)

Evaluate the Tree Before Pruning

(2)

Obligations

(1)

Pruning Dose (Severity)

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

(1)

Challenge Questions

(1)

Suggested Exercises

(2)

Chapter 2 Plant Selection, Placement, and Management: The Best Way to Minimize Pruning Needs

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Good Urban Design

(2)

Good Management

(1)

Species and Cultivar Selection

(2)

Tree Form and Habit

(4)

Upright Tree Habit

(1)

Rounded or Vase Tree Habit

(1)

Pyramidal Tree Habit

(3)

At the Nursery

(3)

Plant Spacing in the Landscape

(1)

Early Maintenance

(1)

At the Construction Site

(4)

Check Your Knowledge

(1)

Challenge Questions

(1)

Suggested Exercises

(1)

Chapter 3 Tree Structure and Strength

(22)

Introduction

(1)

Forest-Grown Tree Form Versus Open-Grown Tree Form

(4)

Tree Form and Branch Orientation: Impact on Strength

(3)

Branch Union

(3)

Branch and Stem Bark Ridge

(1)

Branch Protection Zone

(3)

Strength of Branch and Stem Attachment

(4)

Branch Origin

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

(1)

Challenge Questions

(1)

Suggested Exercises

(1)

Chapter 4 Wood, Energy, and Compartmentalization

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Bark and Outer Tissues

(2)

Nonliving Tissue in Wood

(1)

Living Tissue in Wood

(1)

Heartwood

(1)

Compartmentalization of Tree Decay

(8)

Expanded Model of Tree Decay

(6)

Alternate Model of Tree Decay

(1)

Best Management Practices Based on Biology

(4)

Check Your Knowledge

(1)

Challenge Questions

(1)

Suggested Exercises

(2)

Chapter 5 Pruning Cuts and Implications

(28)

Introduction

(1)

Reduction Cut

(3)

Heading Cut

(3)

Removal Cut

(15)

Locating the Right Spot to Make the Cut

(6)

Making the Cut

(3)

Learning How to Make the Right Cut

(2)

Flush Cuts

(3)

Removing Dead, Dying, and Diseased Branches, and Palm Leaves

101

(1)

Wound Dressing on Pruning Cuts

102

(1)

Terminal Bud Cluster Pruning

103

(1)

Check Your Knowledge

104

(1)

Challenge Questions

105

(1)

Suggested Exercises

105

(2)

Chapter 6 Pruning Tools

107

(14)

Introduction

108

(1)

Personal Protective Equipment

108

(1)

Cutting Tools

109

(6)

Pruning Shears

109

(2)

Loppers

111

(1)

Hedging Shears

112

(1)

Hand Saws

113

(1)

Chain Saws

114

(1)

Pole Saws and Loppers

114

(1)

Mechanical Shears and Saws

114

(1)

Other Equipment

115

(2)

Climbing Aids

115

(1)

Aerial Lifts

116

(1)

Pruning Carts

117

(1)

Orchard Ladder

117

(1)

Root Pruning Tools

117

(1)

Cleaning and Disinfecting Tools

118

(1)

Cleaning Tools

118

(1)

Disinfecting Tools

118

(1)

Check Your Knowledge

119

(1)

Challenge Question

119

(1)

Suggested Exercises

119

(2)

Chapter 7 When to Prune

121

(16)

Introduction

122

(1)

Start Pruning Early

122

(1)

Pruning Cycles

122

(1)

In the Nursery

123

(1)

At Transplanting

124

(4)

Time of Year

128

(1)

Growth Rate Control

129

(1)

Wound Closure Rate

129

(1)

Flowering Trees

130

(1)

Shaping and Major Structural Pruning

130

(1)

Increase Flower Number

130

(1)

Larger Flowers

131

(1)

Fruit and Nut Trees

131

(1)

Small Ornamental Trees

132

(1)

Minimize Sap Leakage

132

(1)

Pest and Disease Control

133

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

135

(1)

Challenge Question

136

(1)

Suggested Exercises

136

(1)

Chapter 8 Nursery Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Trunk and Leader

137

(30)

Introduction

138

(1)

Purchasing Quality Trees

139

(2)

Subordination of Competing Stems

141

(5)

Creating an Upright Dominant Trunk

146

(4)

Creating a Straight Trunk

150

(6)

Staking

150

(3)

Splinting

153

(1)

Heading

154

(1)

Tree Shelters

154

(2)

Trees with an Unbranched Trunk

156

(2)

Tree Spacing Strategies

158

(2)

Developing Trunk Caliper Quickly

160

(3)

Check Your Knowledge

163

(1)

Challenge Questions

164

(1)

Suggested Exercises

165

(2)

Chapter 9 Nursery Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Crown

167

(30)

Introduction

168

(1)

Controlling Vigorous Growing Branches

168

(2)

Upright Trees

170

(2)

Choosing the Lowest Branch in the Crown

172

(2)

Clustered Stems or Branches

174

(3)

Spacing Branches Along the Trunk

177

(2)

Creating a Uniform Crop

179

(4)

Cultivar Selection

179

(1)

Heading the Leader and Branches

179

(1)

Shearing and Rounding Over

180

(3)

Increasing Crown Spread

183

(1)

Developing Small-Caliper Trees

183

(1)

Developing Large-Caliper Trees

183

(3)

Developing Street Trees

186

(1)

Excurrent Evergreens

187

(2)

Pruning for Sale in the Nursery

189

(1)

Crown Reduction Pruning

190

(1)

Developing a Production Protocol

190

(4)

Check Your Knowledge

194

(1)

Challenge Questions

195

(1)

Suggested Exercises

195

(2)

Chapter 10 Developing and Maintaining Special Forms

197

(24)

Introduction

198

(1)

Developing a Single Leader on Small Plants

198

(1)

Developing Multitrunk Habit

198

(4)

Developing Fruit Trees

202

(4)

Developing and Maintaining a Standard Form

206

(2)

Creating Special Effects

208

(1)

Developing an Espalier

208

(3)

Developing and Maintaining a Pollard

211

(6)

Developing and Maintaining Weeping Plants

217

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

219

(1)

Challenge Questions

220

(1)

Suggested Exercises

220

(1)

Chapter 11 Structural Pruning in the Landscape: Perspective

221

(18)

Introduction

222

(1)

Structural Pruning Primer

222

(5)

When and Where Structural Pruning Is Appropriate

227

(1)

Structural Pruning Strategies

227

(4)

Decide What Form Is Most Suitable

231

(5)

Single-Trunked Trees

233

(3)

Low-Branched, Multitrunked Trees

236

(1)

Check Your Knowledge

236

(2)

Challenge Questions

238

(1)

Suggested Exercises

238

(1)

Chapter 12 Structural Pruning in the Landscape: Practice

239

(30)

Introduction

240

(1)

Developing and Maintaining a Dominant Leader

240

(10)

Developing Scaffold Limbs

250

(9)

Importance

250

(1)

General Strategy

250

(2)

Branch Management on Young Trees

252

(1)

Branch Management on Sheared Trees

253

(3)

Branch Management on Street Trees

256

(1)

Branch Management on Medium-Aged Trees

256

(3)

Clustered Branches

259

(1)

Developing and Managing Lower Branches

259

(4)

Conifers and Other Excurrent Trees

263

(3)

Check Your Knowledge

266

(2)

Challenge Questions

268

(1)

Suggested Exercises

268

(1)

Chapter 13 Pruning Types (Methods) for Established Trees

269

(26)

Introduction

270

(1)

Pruning Methods Influence Mechanical Stress

271

(2)

Cleaning (Clean)

273

(3)

Thinning (Thin)

276

(6)

Approach

276

(2)

Executing Crown Thinning

278

(1)

Precautions

279

(3)

Reducing (Reduce)

282

(6)

The Challenge

282

(2)

Executing Crown Reduction

284

(4)

Raising (Raise)

288

(5)

Check Your Knowledge

293

(1)

Challenge Questions

294

(1)

Suggested Exercises

294

(1)

Chapter 14 Mature and Storm-Damaged Trees

295

(40)

Introduction

296

(1)

Mature Tree Structure

296

(3)

Mature Tree Pruning Overview

299

(4)

Reducing Risk on Mature Trees

303

(11)

Prioritizing Risk

303

(1)

Evaluating Treatment Options

303

(2)

Trees in Clumps

305

(2)

Pruning Dose

307

(1)

Examples of Pruning Mature Trees

307

(4)

Retrenchment

311

(3)

Summer Limb Failure

314

(1)

Before a Storm

315

(1)

Storm Cleaning

315

(5)

Restoration

320

(10)

Encourage Sprouting

320

(1)

Headed (Topped)

321

(3)

Lions-Tailed

324

(1)

Tipped

325

(2)

Storm-Damaged

327

(2)

Cold- or Flood-Damaged

329

(1)

Saltwater-Damaged

330

(1)

Balancing

330

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

332

(1)

Challenge Questions

333

(1)

Suggested Exercises

333

(2)

Chapter 15 Maintaining Special Trees and Sites

335

(24)

Introduction

336

(1)

Cherries, Crabapples, and Other Ornamental Plants

336

(1)

Fruit Trees

337

(1)

Crapemyrtle and Other Summer-Flowering Trees

338

(1)

Conifers and Other Evergreens

339

(2)

Columnar and Upright Trees

341

(1)

Palms and Cycads

342

(8)

Why Prune?

342

(2)

Leaf Removal

344

(2)

Precautions

346

(2)

Root Pruning

348

(2)

Pruning Near Utility Lines

350

(6)

Check Your Knowledge

356

(1)

Challenge Questions

357

(1)

Suggested Exercises

357

(2)

Chapter 16 Root Pruning and Management

359

(30)

Introduction

360

(1)

Root System Form

361

(2)

In the Nursery

363

(9)

At Planting

372

(2)

In the Landscape

374

(11)

Installing or Repairing Utilities, Sidewalks, and Construction

374

(3)

Surface Roots

377

(1)

Preventive Treatments for Trees Near Sidewalks, Slab Foundations, and Driveways

378

(3)

Relocating Trees

381

(1)

Improving Health

382

(2)

In Landscape Containers

384

(1)

Disease Control

384

(1)

Root Sprouts

384

(1)

Aerial Roots

385

(1)

Managing Trees with Cut or Pruned Roots

385

(1)

Cutting Roots

386

(1)

Check Your Knowledge

387

(1)

Challenge Questions

388

(1)

Suggested Exercises

388

(1)

Chapter 17 Standards and Specifications

389

(8)

Introduction

390

(1)

Standards

390

(1)

Specifications

391

(2)

How to Hire an Arborist

393

(1)

Summary of Tree Pruning Strategies

394

(2)

Check Your Knowledge

396

(1)

Challenge Questions

396

(1)

Suggested Exercises

396

(1)

Chapter 18 Shrub Pruning

397

(22)

Introduction

398

(1)

Thinning

399

(2)

Maintaining and Reducing Size

401

(5)

Maintaining Size

401

(2)

Reducing Size

403

(2)

Rejuvenating

405

(1)

Hedging

406

(5)

Developing a Hedge or Screen

406

(1)

Maintaining a Hedge

407

(3)

Rejuvenating a Hedge

410

(1)

Enhancing Density, Slowing Growth, and Manipulating Flower Display

411

(1)

Pollarding and Stooling

411

(3)

Creating a Small Tree from an Overgrown Shrub

414

(1)

Time of Year

415

(1)

Conifers

415

(1)

Check Your Knowledge

416

(1)

Challenge Questions

417

(1)

Suggested Exercises

417

(2)

Appendices

419

(33)

Glossary

452

(13)

References

465

(6)

Index

471

Dr. Gilman received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University in 1980 in forest plant pathology and is a professor in the Environmental Horticulture Department at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He has assembled a unique urban tree teaching program for helping municipalities, contractors, arborists, educators, growers, landscapers, and others design and implement programs for promoting better tree health in cities. He conducts educational programs in tree selection, nursery production, and urban tree management nation-wide for a large variety of audiences. Dr. Gilman is a Florida chapter ISA past-president. He has published more than 96 scientific peer reviewed journal articles in his 30 years in academia and industry and has won numerous awards. His research emphasizes tree pruning, nursery production, anchorage, and tree establishment. He has published more than 150 technical articles in newsletters and trade magazines and annually presents research results to colleagues at professional meetings across the US and throughout the world. He is the author of six books and maintains an extensive web site on urban trees, enjoying life in Gainesville Florida where he and his wife Betsy raised their two daughters, Samantha and Megan.

Illustrated Guide to Pruning 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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