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E-grāmata: Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution

Edited by (European Southern Observatory, Garching), Edited by (European Southern Observatory, Garching)
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  • Sērija : Cambridge Astrophysics
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108681940
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Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar EvolutionPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Cambridge Astrophysics
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108681940
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Stars in binary and multiple systems often interact and alter the structure and evolution of the components. This volume presents state-of-the-art models and observations aimed at studying the impact of binaries on stellar evolution in resolved and unresolved populations. It is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers.

Stars are mostly found in binary and multiple systems, with at least 50% of all solar-like stars having companions; this fraction approaches 100% for the most massive stars. A large proportion of these systems interact and alter the structure and evolution of their components, leading to exotic objects such as Algol variables, blue stragglers and other chemically peculiar stars, but also to phenomena such as non-spherical planetary nebulae, supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. While it is understood that binaries play a critical role in the Initial Mass Function, the interactions among binary systems significantly affect the dynamical evolution of stellar clusters and galaxies. This interdisciplinary volume presents results from state-of-the-art models and observations aimed at studying the impact of binaries on stellar evolution in resolved and unresolved populations. Serving as a bridge between observational and theoretical astronomy, it is a comprehensive review for researchers and advanced students of astrophysics.

Recenzijas

' the book as a whole is well in line with what one expects from CUP: the texts are well-written, and the illustrations clear. Every department and observatory needs a copy of this book. Every astrophysicist will find something of value.' Elizabeth Griffin, The Observatory

Papildus informācija

An advanced review of how binary stars affect stellar evolution, presenting results from state-of-the art models and recent observations.
List of Contributors xv
Foreword xix
Introduction xxiii
1 The Zoo of Binary Stars 1(11)
Henri M.J. Boffin
1.1 Binaries Are Ubiquitous
1(1)
1.2 The Fraction of Binaries
2(2)
1.3 Interacting Binaries
4(3)
1.3.1 Wind Accretion
5(1)
1.3.2 Roche-Lobe Overflow
6(1)
1.3.3 Common Envelope Evolution
7(1)
1.4 Massive Star Interactions and Exploding Events
7(5)
2 Statistics of Binary and Multiple Stars 12(20)
Maxwell Moe
2.1 Observational Techniques
12(2)
2.2 Statistics
14(9)
2.2.1 Binary Fraction and Multiplicity Frequency
14(1)
2.2.2 Period Distribution
15(3)
2.2.3 Mass-Ratio Distribution
18(3)
2.2.4 Eccentricity Distribution
21(1)
2.2.5 Variations with Age, Environment and Metallicity
21(2)
2.3 Implications for Binary Star Formation and Evolution
23(9)
3 Gaia and LSST: Their Importance in Binary Star Research 32(13)
Laurent Eyer
Nami Mowlavi
Isabelle Lecoeur-Taibi
Lorenzo Rimoldini
Berry Holl
Marc Audard
Simon Hodgkin
Dafydd W. Evans
Lukasz Wyrzykowsi
George Seabroke
Andrej Prsa
Dimitri Pourbaix
3.1 Introduction: The Data Revolution in Astronomy
32(1)
3.2 Gaia and LSST
33(2)
3.2.1 The Gaia Mission
33(2)
3.2.2 The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)
35(1)
3.2.3 LSST Data Stream
35(1)
3.3 The Detection of Nonsingle Stars
35(4)
3.3.1 Astrometric Detection of Binaries
36(1)
3.3.2 Spectroscopic Detection of Binaries
37(1)
3.3.3 Photometric Detection of Binaries
37(2)
3.4 The Classification of Binaries
39(2)
3.5 The Characterisation of Binaries
41(1)
3.6 Conclusions
41(4)
4 Population Synthesis of Binary Stars 45(17)
Robert G. Izzard
Ghina M. Halabi
4.1 Introduction
45(1)
4.2 Big Data and Big Challenges
46(3)
4.2.1 The Single- and Binary-Star Parameter Spaces
47(1)
4.2.2 Detailed and Synthetic Stellar Models
48(1)
4.3 Stellar Accountancy
49(3)
4.4 Slow and Fast Parameters
52(3)
4.4.1 Fast Parameters
52(1)
4.4.2 Slow Parameters
53(2)
4.5 Matching Models to Observations, and Models to Models
55(1)
4.6 Headline News in Population Synthesis
56(1)
4.7 Not Any Colour You Like
57(5)
5 Low- and Intermediate-Mass Star Evolution: Open Problems 62(15)
Maurizio Salaris
5.1 Introduction
62(1)
5.2 Convection
62(4)
5.2.1 Convective Boundary Mixing
63(1)
5.2.2 Core He-Burning Mixing
64(2)
5.3 Element Transport in Radiative Layers
66(7)
5.3.1 Thermohaline Mixing
66(1)
5.3.2 Atomic Diffusion
67(4)
5.3.3 Rotational Mixing
71(2)
5.4 Outlook
73(4)
6 The Symbiotic Stars 77(15)
Ulisse Munari
6.1 Symbiotic Stars: Binaries Accreting from a Red Giant
77(2)
6.2 Burning Symbiotic Stars
79(2)
6.3 Accreting-Only Symbiotic Stars
81(2)
6.4 Different Types of Outburst in Symbiotic Stars
83(9)
6.4.1 Z-And or Classical Type
83(2)
6.4.2 Symbiotic Novae
85(3)
6.4.3 Novae Erupting within Symbiotic Stars
88(4)
7 Binary Post-AGB Stars as Tracers of Stellar Evolution 92(14)
Hans Van Winckel
7.1 Introduction
92(1)
7.2 Spectral Energy Distribution
93(2)
7.3 Orbital Properties
95(1)
7.4 Discs: Resolved from the Inner Edge to the Outer Radius
96(2)
7.4.1 Near- and Mid-IR Interferometry
96(1)
7.4.2 CO Interferometry
97(1)
7.4.3 Longevity
98(1)
7.5 Outflows and Jets
98(1)
7.6 Feedback from Circumbinary Discs
99(2)
7.7 Conclusions
101(5)
8 The Importance of Binarity in the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae 106(22)
David Jones
8.1 Introduction
106(1)
8.2 Close-Binary Systems
106(8)
8.2.1 Binary Fraction
107(2)
8.2.2 The Link between Morphology and Central Star Binarity
109(3)
8.2.3 The Link to Type Ia Supernovae
112(1)
8.2.4 Pre-Common-Envelope Mass Transfer
113(1)
8.3 Non-Post-Common-Envelope Systems
114(4)
8.3.1 Barium Stars
115(1)
8.3.2 Long-Period Radial Velocity Variables
115(2)
8.3.3 Resolved Companions
117(1)
8.4 Chemistry
118(2)
8.4.1 Dual-Dust Chemistry
118(1)
8.4.2 The Abundance Discrepancy Problem
119(1)
8.5 Summary
120(8)
9 Massive Star Evolution: Binaries as Two Single Stars 128(16)
Cyril Georgy
Sylvia Ekstrom
9.1 The Basics
128(1)
9.2 Mass Loss
129(1)
9.3 Internal Mixing Processes
130(7)
9.3.1 Convection
131(1)
9.3.2 Rotation
132(5)
9.4 Conclusion
137(7)
10 Binarity at High Masses 144(9)
Hugues Sana
10.1 Massive Stars in the Grand Scheme of Things
144(1)
10.1.1 The Issue of Multiplicity
144(1)
10.1.2 The Parameter Space
145(1)
10.2 The Spectroscopic Regime
145(3)
10.3 The High-Angular Resolution Regime
148(1)
10.4 Future Work
149(4)
11 Luminous Blue Variables: Their Formation and Instability in the Context of Binary Interactions 153(14)
Andrea Mehner
11.1 Introduction
153(3)
11.1.1 Luminous Blue Variables
153(2)
11.1.2 Evolutionary Stage of the Luminous Blue Variables
155(1)
11.1.3 The Cause of the Luminous Blue Variable Instability
155(1)
11.2 Luminous Blue Variable Outbursts and Binary Interaction
156(4)
11.2.1 LBV Binarity
156(1)
11.2.2 Car
157(1)
11.2.3 HR Car
158(2)
11.3 Binary Scenarios for the Formation of LBVs
160(1)
11.3.1 Rejuvenated Mass Gainer and Kick Scenario
160(1)
11.3.2 Merger Scenario
161(1)
11.4 Conclusion
161(6)
12 Type Ia Supernovae: Where Are They Coming From and Where Will They Lead Us? 167(14)
Ferdinando Patat
Na'ama Hallakoun
12.1 Source of Embarrassment vs. Excitement
167(2)
12.1.1 Why and How?
167(1)
12.1.2 The Basics
168(1)
12.2 The SNe Ia Progenitor Problem: An Observational Approach
169(4)
12.2.1 Candidate Populations
169(1)
12.2.2 Pre-explosion Sites
170(1)
12.2.3 An Interlude on WD Spin-Up/Down
170(1)
12.2.4 Explosion Properties
171(1)
12.2.5 Surviving Companions
172(1)
12.2.6 SN Remnants
173(1)
12.2.7 SN Rates and Binary Population Synthesis
173(1)
12.3 Are There Enough Double White Dwarf Mergers to Explain the Milky Way's SN Ia Rate?
173(3)
12.4 Single Degenerates: Is This It?
176(5)
13 Binary Interactions and Gamma-Ray Bursts 181(10)
Nial R. Tanvir
13.1 Introduction
181(1)
13.2 Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts from Binary Stars
182(3)
13.2.1 GRBs as Probes of Reionisation
183(2)
13.3 Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts from Binary Stars
185(1)
13.3.1 GW 170817
186(1)
13.4 Conclusions
186(5)
14 Binaries as Sources of Gravitational Waves 191(17)
Gus Nelemans
14.1 Gravitational Waves and Their Detection
191(3)
14.1.1 Detectors: Status and Future
191(2)
14.1.2 Order of Magnitude Estimates: Detection Horizons
193(1)
14.2 What Can We Learn about Stars and Binaries from GW Measurements?
194(8)
14.2.1 Open Questions about Compact Objects
195(1)
14.2.2 Black Holes
195(3)
14.2.3 Neutron Stars and Electromagnetic Follow-Up
198(3)
14.2.4 White Dwarfs and Electromagnetic Data
201(1)
14.3 Conclusions
202(6)
15 The Impact of Binaries on the Stellar Initial Mass Function 208(17)
Pavel Kroupa
Tereza Jerabkova
15.1 Introduction
208(2)
15.2 The Nature of the IMF of Stars and in Galaxies
210(1)
15.3 The Stellar Mass-Luminosity Relation
211(1)
15.4 Binary Stars
212(4)
15.5 The IMF Is a Systematically Varying Function
216(9)
16 The Formation of Binary Stars: Insights from Theory and Observation 225(19)
Cathie J. Clarke
16.1 Introduction
225(1)
16.2 Overview of Binary Formation Mechanisms
226(4)
16.3 The Era of Binary Mass Production in Hydrodynamical Simulations
230(2)
16.4 The Advent of 'Realistic' Binary Formation Simulations
232(3)
16.4.1 The Inclusion of Thermal Feedback
232(1)
16.4.2 The Inclusion of Magnetic Fields
233(2)
16.5 Clustering at Birth: Hints from Higher-Order Multiple Statistics
235(2)
16.6 An Observational Frontier: Direct Observations of Binary Star Formation from ALMA and the VLA
237(7)
17 The Maxwell's Demon of Star Clusters 244(17)
Michela Mapelli
17.1 Binaries as Sources of Energy
244(2)
17.2 Impact of Binaries on Core Collapse
246(2)
17.3 Impact of Binaries on Equipartition
248(3)
17.4 Stellar Exotica
251(5)
17.4.1 Blue Straggler Stars
251(1)
17.4.2 Massive Black Hole Binaries
252(2)
17.4.3 Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
254(2)
17.5 Summary
256(5)
18 Alternative Stellar Evolution Pathways 261(16)
Robert D. Mathieu
Emily M. Leiner
18.1 Introduction
261(2)
18.2 Alternative Stellar Evolution Pathways: The Blue Stragglers of NGC 188 and NGC 6819
263(4)
18.3 Alternative Stellar Evolution Pathways: Across the CMD: Yellow Giants and Sub-Subgiants
267(3)
18.3.1 Yellow Giants
267(1)
18.3.2 Sub-Subgiants
268(2)
18.4 Alternative Stellar Evolution Pathways: Within the Main Sequence
270(1)
18.5 Alternative Stellar Evolution Pathways: Angular Momentum Evolution
271(2)
18.6 Closing Thoughts
273(1)
18.7 Acknowledgements
273(4)
19 Clocks and Scales: Playing with the Physics of Blue Stragglers 277(21)
Francesco R. Ferraro
Barbara Lanzoni
19.1 The BSS-Binaries Connection
277(5)
19.1.1 Another Puzzling Feature: The Double BSS Sequence
280(2)
19.2 Clocks: Defining and Refining the Dynamical Clock for Star Clusters
282(5)
19.3 Scales: Searching for Evolved BSSs
287(4)
19.3.1 The Stellar Scale
288(1)
19.3.2 The Discovery of the E-BSS1 in 47 Tucanae
288(3)
19.4 What Next?
291(7)
20 Binaries at Very Low Metallicity 298(9)
Sara Lucatello
20.1 Background
298(3)
20.1.1 Binaries as Probes of Star Formation
298(1)
20.1.2 Binaries and CEMP Stars
299(2)
20.2 Literature Studies of Binarity at Low Metallicity
301(1)
20.3 EMP Binarity
302(2)
20.4 Future Prospectives
304(3)
21 Population and Spectral Synthesis: It Doesn't Work without Binaries 307(22)
J.J. Eldridge
Elizabeth R. Stanway
21.1 What Is Population and Spectral Synthesis?
307(1)
21.2 How Do You Do It?
308(3)
21.3 Why Are Binaries Important?
311(5)
21.3.1 Blue Stragglers on the HR Diagram
312(1)
21.3.2 Number Counts
313(1)
21.3.3 SN Progenitors
314(2)
21.3.4 GW Mergers
316(1)
21.4 Galaxies Near and Far
316(2)
21.5 Ionising Radiation Fields and H II Regions
318(1)
21.6 Photon Production, Photon Escape and Reionisation
319(2)
21.7 Looking Forward
321(1)
21.8 Summary
322(7)
Index 329
Giacomo Beccari is a staff astronomer at the European Southern Observatory, Garching. He is a former winner of the Levi-Montalcini Prize and co-author of the Ecology of Blue Straggler Stars (2014). Henri M. J. Boffin is a staff astronomer at the European Southern Observatory, Garching. Recently he has shown the importance of binary stars in explaining planetary nebulae, including discovering the binary star of Fleming 1. He pioneered the use of optical interferometry to study mass transfer in symbiotic stars.
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