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Impact Fees: Principles and Practice of Proportionate-Share Development Fees [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 432 pages, height x width: 280x210 mm, weight: 960 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2009
  • Izdevniecība: American Planning Association
  • ISBN-10: 1932364552
  • ISBN-13: 9781932364552
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  • Cena: 210,77 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 432 pages, height x width: 280x210 mm, weight: 960 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2009
  • Izdevniecība: American Planning Association
  • ISBN-10: 1932364552
  • ISBN-13: 9781932364552
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This is the only impact fee book you'll need for the next decade or longer! This comprehensive reference book updates the popular, pioneering works on impact fees by introducing new methodologies, concepts, applications, and theories. The authors contend that it's time to go beyond narrowly defined impact fees to proportionate-share development fees broadly applied to publicly provided facilities and services and their operation. Impact fees are one-time charges applied to new development to generate revenue for the construction or expansion of capital facilities outside the boundaries of the new development for system improvements engendered by the new development. At least that was the traditional use of impact fees. A generation ago, they were generally not used legally for the operation, maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of capital facilities; for social purposes such as affordable housing and daycare; or for "green" purposes such as habitat preservation. This book updates impact fee law, practice, and applications, and breaks new ground by showing how the impact fee logic of proportionate share can be used for these and other purposes. Through actual ordinances, summaries of technical reports, numerous case studies, and model ordinances and codes, readers will learn how to design and implement a proportionate-share development fee program. This is essential reading for anyone interested in impact fees.

Recenzijas

This is a "must-have" for the land-use professional who is planning to write or implement a system of development impact fees. It is chock-full of charts, models, graphs, and tables that show just how to write and implement a development impact-fee code. The "how-to" is nicely preceded by a thorough description of how impact fees came to be, their roots, their advantages, their legal bases, and pitfalls for the unwary. -David Callies, FAICP, professor of law, University of Hawaii and coauthor of Bargaining for Development: A Handbook In this single, comprehensive text, the leading triumvirate of impact-fee theory and practice shows us how to bring fundamental fairness and justice to impact fees with their transcendent guide to proportionate-share development fees. -Dwight H. Merriam, FAICP, partner, Robinson & Cole, LLP and author of The Complete Guide to Zoning

List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xiii
List of Acronyms
xiv
Acknowledgments xv
Prologue: Reflections on Impact Fees xvii
Part 1: Foundations
1(126)
The Progression of Impact Fees
3(2)
The Evolutionary Process
3(7)
Impact Fees of the Future
10
National Impact Fee Survey
5(88)
What Qualifies as an Impact Fee?
15(1)
Some Caveats
16(1)
Fee Incidence by State
17(1)
Average Fees by Facility Type
17(1)
Average Fees by Land Use
17(1)
Average Fees by State
17(2)
Fee Increases, 2004-2008
19(3)
Fee Increases, 2007-2008
22(1)
Summary
23(70)
Legal Principles of Impact Fees
93(20)
Introduction
93(1)
Evolution of Impact Fees
94(1)
Constitutionality of Impact Fees
95(1)
Land-Use Regulation or Taxation?
95(1)
Tests for Impact Fee Validity
96(2)
Equal Protection Issues
98(1)
The Taking Issue: The Rational Nexus Test Revisited?
99(3)
The Relationship of Impact Fees to the Comprehensive Plan
102(1)
State Authorizing Legislation
103(1)
Drafting Impact Fees to Pass Judicial Scrutiny
103(2)
Impact Fee Uses
105(1)
Extending the Applicability of Impact Fees Across the Development Spectrum
106(1)
Making Impact Fees More Sensitive to Affordable Housing and Other Societal Needs
106(1)
Conclusion
107(6)
State Impact Fee Enabling Acts
113(14)
Distribution of Enabling Acts
113(3)
Eligible Facilities
116(2)
Planning and Analysis Requirements
118(3)
Substantive Requirements
121(1)
Procedural Requirements
122(1)
Recent Developments
123(1)
A Cautionary Tale
124(1)
To the Future
124(3)
Part 2: Context
127(80)
Proportionate-Share Basics
129(12)
Overview of Impact Fee Analysis
130(2)
Policy Framework
132(1)
Level-of-Service Standards
133(2)
Service Areas
135(1)
Procedural Issues
136(3)
Summary
139(2)
Credits
141(14)
Introduction
141(2)
Overview of Forms of Credit and Their Applications
143(2)
Principles for Estimating Credit With Applications
145(6)
Development Credits
151(2)
Summary Observations
153(2)
Impact Fees and the Planning Connection
155(16)
Impact Fees and Exactions
157(1)
Capital Improvements Element
158(1)
Levels of Service
159(1)
Service Areas
159(1)
Projections of Facility Needs
160(1)
Schedule of Improvements
161(1)
Description of Funding Sources
162(1)
Recoupment
163(1)
Relation of Impact Fees to Community Planning Goals
163(1)
Summary Comment
164(1)
Appendix 7A: Sample Capital Improvements Element
165(6)
Uniform Measures of Impact
171(10)
Common Measures of Impact
171(1)
Measures of Impact and Planning
172(1)
The Need for Common Measures of Impact
172(1)
Fire and Police Demand Multipliers: Calls for Service Versus Functional Population
173(3)
Extensions of Functional Population: Toward Truly Uniform Impact Assessments
176(3)
Appendix 8A: Review of Consulting Studies
179(2)
Variations of Proportionate-Share Fee Design
181(26)
General Calculation Approaches
181(7)
Review of Impact Fee Programs Selected Nationally
188(6)
Florida Impact Fee Survey Findings
194(13)
Part 3: Applications
207(140)
Proportionate-Share Fees for Physical Infrastructure
209(48)
Are Impact Fees Needed?
209(1)
Impact Fees for Public Facilities
209(48)
Proportionate-Share Fees for Social Infrastructure
257(48)
Proportionate-Share Principles to Provide Workforce Housing from Commercial Development
257(6)
Proportionate-Share Principles to Provide Workforce Housing from Residential Development
263(20)
Proportionate-Share Development Fees for Other Social Infrastructure
283(1)
Concluding Observations
284(2)
Appendix 11A: Workforce Housing Linkage Programs in California
286(5)
Appendix 11B: Sample Workforce Housing Mitigation Impact Fee Ordinance
291(14)
Proportionate-Share Environmental Mitigation Fees for Green Infrastructure
305(28)
Legal and Economic Foundations
305(12)
Case Study Application
317(7)
Appendix 12A: Environmental Lands Impact Fee Draft Ordinance
324(9)
Proportionate-Share Fees for Operations and Maintenance
333(14)
Introduction
333(1)
Transit Impact Development Fee
333(1)
Transportation Utility Fees
334(3)
Case Study: Aventura, Florida Transportation Operations and Maintenance Mitigation Fee
337(5)
Summary Observations
342(1)
Appendix 13A: Sample Ordinance Implementing Operations and Maintenance Proportionate Share Fees
343(4)
Part 4: Implementation
347(40)
Model Proportionate-Share Development Fee Ordinance
349(18)
Principles of Ordinance Design and Drafting
349(6)
Appendix 14A: Model Ordinance
355(6)
Appendix 14B: City of Canton, Georgia, Road Impact Fee Ordinance
361(6)
Development Impact Fee Administrative Code
367(20)
Appendix 15A: Sample Impact Fee Administrative Code
369(18)
Epilogue
387(6)
Impact Fees in the Future
388(1)
Unification of Developer Funding Requirements
388(1)
Expanding the Base and Scope of Infrastructure Funding Requirements
389(1)
Innovative Funding Programs
389(1)
State and Regional Impact Fees
390(1)
State and Federal Funding to Cure Infrastructure Deficiencies
390(1)
Conclusion
391(2)
References and Selected Bibliography 393(6)
Index 399(13)
About the Authors 412
Dr. Arthur C. Nelson, FAICP, is Presidential Professor of City & Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah where he is also Director of the Metropolitan Research Center, Salt Lake City, Utah