E-grāmata: Incomputable: Journeys Beyond the Turing Barrier

This book questions the relevance of computation to the physical universe. Our theories deliver computational descriptions, but the gaps and discontinuities in our grasp suggest a need for continued discourse between researchers from different disciplines, and this book is unique in its focus on the mathematical theory of incomputability and its relevance for the real world. The book consists of thirteen chapters contained in five parts on extended models of computation; the search for natural examples of incomputable objects; mind, matter, and computation; the nature of information, complexity, and randomness; and the mathematics of emergence and morphogenesis.This book will be of interest to researchers in the area of theoretical computer science, mathematical logic, and philosophy.

Part I, Challenging Turing: Extended Models of Computation.- Ivan Soskov: A Life in Computability.- Physical Logic.- From Quantum Foundations via Natural Language Meaning to a Theory of Everything.- Part II, The Search for "Natural" Examples of Incomputable Objects.- Some Recent Research Directions in the Computably Enumerable Sets.- Uncomputability and Physical Law.- Algorithmic Economics: Incomputability, Undecidability and Unsolv ability in Economics.- Part III, Mind, Matter and Computation.- Is Quantum Physics Relevant for Life .- Trouble with Computation: A Refutation of Digital Ontology.- Part IV, The Nature of Information: Complexity and Randomness.- Complexity Barriers as Independence.- Quantum Randomness: From Practice to Theory and Back.- Calculus of Cost Functions.- Part V -- The Mathematics of Emergence and Morphogenesis.- Turing"s Theory of Morphogenesis: Where We Started, Where We Are and Where We Want to Go.- Construction Kits for Biological Evolution.