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E-grāmata: Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar: A Comprehensive Grammar 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(The University of Melbourne, Australia), (The University of Sydney, Australia), , (The University of Melbourne, Australia)
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This grammar is a complete reference guide to the language of Indonesia as used by native speakers.

The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Indonesian grammar. It presents the complexities of Indonesian in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, cross-referencing and a generous use of headings will provide readers with immediate access to the information they require.

Key features:





to aid clarity, all word groups and structures discussed are illustrated by natural examples of frequently used words and expressions each section can be read independently, enabling the reader to focus on a specific aspect of the language, if required all major structures of Indonesian, from words to complex sentences are described in detail common grammatical terms used are all clearly defined in an extensive glossary.

By providing a comprehensive description of Indonesian in a clear and non-technical manner, this grammar makes an ideal reference source for all users of the language, whether in colleges, universities or adult education classes of all types.

James Neil Sneddon was Associate Professor in the Faculty of Asian and International Studies at Griffith University, with long experience teaching Indonesian language and linguistics. He is also author of Understanding Indonesian Grammar.

Alexander Adelaar is Principal Fellow in the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of a number of books on Austronesian linguistics.

Dwi Noverini Djenar lectures in the Department of Indonesian Studies at the University of Sydney. She is author of Semantic, Pragmatic and Discourse Perspectives of Preposition Use: A study of Indonesian locatives.

Michael C Ewing is a senior lecturer in Indonesian Studies at the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of Grammar and Inference in Conversation: Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese.
Preface xvii
Glossary Of Grammatical Terms xix
Introduction 1(6)
Chapter 1 Words 7(124)
Notes on spelling and pronunciation
8(4)
Consonants
8(2)
Vowels
10(1)
Diphthongs
11(1)
Stress
11(1)
Sound changes in complex words
12(6)
Prefixes ber-, per-, ter-
12(1)
Prefixes meN- and peN-
13(2)
Exceptions to the rules for N
15(2)
MeN- and peN- with single-syllable bases
17(1)
Reduplicated bases with meN- and peN-
18(1)
Word-forming processes
18(11)
Full reduplication
18(6)
Reduplication without corresponding single bases
19(1)
Reduplication of nouns
19(3)
Reduplication of pronouns
22(1)
Reduplication of adjectives
22(1)
Reduplication of verbs
23(1)
Reduplication of numbers
24(1)
Partial reduplication
24(1)
Imitative reduplication
25(1)
Compounds
26(2)
Infixes
28(1)
Affixes
29(102)
Derivation of nouns
30(22)
Prefix peN-
30(2)
Prefix pe-
32(1)
Prefix per-
33(1)
Suffix -an
33(5)
Circumfix ke-...-an
38(3)
Circumfix peN-...-an
41(3)
Circumfix per-...-an
44(4)
Circumfix pe-...-an
48(1)
Suffixes -wan, -wati, -man
48(1)
Suffixes -anda, -nda
49(1)
Prefix ke-
49(1)
Prefix ter-
50(1)
Prefix pra-
50(1)
Comparison of noun-forming affixes
50(2)
Derivation of adjectives
52(6)
Prefix peN-
52(1)
Circumfix ke-...-an
53(2)
Suffixes -i, -wi, -iah
55(1)
Prefix se-
55(1)
Suffix -an
56(1)
Prefix tuna-
57(1)
Prefix antar-
57(1)
Derivation of adverbs and adjuncts
58(2)
Affixation se-...-nya with reduplicated bases
58(2)
Suffix -an with reduplicated bases
60(1)
Circumfix se-...-an with reduplicated bases
60(1)
Prefix ber- with reduplicated bases
60(1)
Derivation of numbers
60(4)
Prefix se-
60(1)
Prefix per-
61(1)
Prefix ke-
61(1)
Suffix -an
62(1)
Prefix ber-
63(1)
Circumfix ber-...-an
64(1)
Derivation of verbs
64(1)
Primary verbs
65(43)
Simple intransitive verbs
65(1)
Intransitive verbs with ber-
65(4)
Prefix ber- combined with prefix si-
69(1)
Intransitive verbs with meN-
69(2)
Comparison of simple, ber- and meN- intransitive verbs
71(1)
Transitive verb affixation
72(1)
Simple transitive verbs
72(1)
Transitive verbs with suffix -kan
73(1)
Causative -kan
74(9)
'Instrumental' -kan
83(1)
Benefactive -kan
84(3)
Suffix -kan with two functions
87(1)
Other functions of -kan
88(1)
Optional -kan
88(1)
Transitive verbs with suffix -i
89(1)
Locative -i
89(7)
Verbs with and without -i
96(1)
Optional -i
97(1)
Locative verbs without -i
98(1)
Repetitive -i
98(2)
Suffixes -kan and -i compared
100(2)
Transitive verbs with prefix per-
102(3)
Transitive verbs with affixation per-... -kan
105(2)
Tansitive verbs with affixation per-...-i
107(1)
Secondary verbs
108(23)
Base-meN-base verbs
108(1)
Reciprocal base-meN-base verbs
108(2)
Verbs meaning 'everything/anything to do with'
110(1)
Verbs with ber-...-an
111(1)
Reciprocal ber-...-an verbs
111(2)
Random action ber-...-an verbs
113(1)
Verbs with ber-...-kan
114(2)
Verbs with prefix ter-
116(1)
Stative ter- verbs
116(1)
Accidental ter-
117(1)
Intransitive accidental ter- verbs
118(1)
Transitive accidental ter- verbs
118(2)
Abilitative ter- verbs
120(2)
Potentially ambiguous ter- verbs
122(1)
Retention and loss of suffixes with ter- verbs
123(1)
Other forms with ter-
123(1)
Verbs with circumfix ke-...-an
124(6)
Verbs with prefix ke-
130(1)
Chapter 2 Phrases 131(109)
Nouns and noun phrases
131(33)
Nouns
132(1)
Noun phrases
133(31)
Demonstratives
133(3)
Quantifiers
136(1)
Numbers
136(2)
Classifiers
138(4)
Partitives
142(3)
Numbers, classifiers and partitives further comments
145(1)
Diminutives and honorifics
145(1)
Si
146(1)
Sang
146(1)
Modifying nouns
147(1)
Possessors
148(2)
Adjectives in the noun phrase
150(2)
Modifying verbs
152(1)
Attributive verbs
153(1)
Relative clauses in the noun phrase
154(1)
Adjuncts in the noun phrase
154(1)
Functions of -nya in the noun phrase
155(1)
Reflexive sendiri
156(1)
Lain and lainnya in the noun phrase
157(1)
Attributive nouns in action noun phrases
157(2)
Bahwa and supaya/agar complements in noun phrases
159(1)
Word order within the noun phrase
160(2)
Noun phrases in apposition
162(2)
Pronouns and pronoun phrases
164(16)
Demonstrative pronouns
164(1)
Personal pronouns
164(9)
Pronoun substitutes
166(2)
Third person pronouns dia and ia
168(2)
Bound forms of pronouns
170(2)
Pronouns indicating possession
172(1)
Pronouns referring to non-humans
172(1)
Personal pronoun phrases
173(2)
Demonstratives
173(1)
Relative clauses in personal pronoun phrases
174(1)
Numbers in pronoun phrases
174(1)
Reflexive sendiri
175(1)
Apposition
175(1)
Indefinite pronouns
175(4)
Number pronouns
179(1)
Adjectives and adjective phrases
180(60)
Adjectives
180(2)
Adjective phrases
182(7)
Modifying adverbs
182(1)
Comparative phrases
183(2)
Superlative phrases
185(1)
Equative phrases
186(2)
Negated adjectives
188(1)
Experiencer phrases
188(1)
Numbers and number phrases
189(5)
Cardinal numbers
189(3)
Indefinite numbers
192(2)
Prepositions and prepositional phrases
194(7)
Locative prepositions
194(4)
Other prepositions
198(3)
The predicate phrase
201(11)
Negation
202(2)
Temporal markers
204(4)
Modals
208(1)
Combinations of negative, temporal marker and modal
208(6)
Saling
211(1)
Kembali and lagi
211(1)
Reflexive phrases
212(2)
Adjuncts
214(26)
Adverbs
215(5)
Adjectives used directly as adverbs
215(1)
Adverbs formed with dengan
215(1)
Adverbs formed with secara
216(1)
Reduplicated adjectives
217(1)
Other adverbs
217(3)
Adjuncts of time
220(7)
Clock times
220(2)
Days of the week
222(1)
Months
222(1)
Years
223(1)
Dates
223(1)
Prepositional phrases indicating specific time
224(1)
Phrases indicating relative time
225(2)
Adjuncts of frequency
227(2)
Adjuncts of duration and distance
229(2)
Prepositions in adjuncts of duration
231(2)
Location
233(1)
Instrument and means
233(1)
Accompaniment
233(1)
Beneficiary
234(1)
Reason
234(1)
Comparison
235(1)
Exception
235(1)
Subject matter
235(1)
Focusing adjuncts
235(1)
Limiters
235(1)
Additives
236(1)
Justru
236(1)
Particle pun
237(3)
Chapter 3 Clauses 240(78)
Basic clauses
240(46)
Subject
241(1)
Predicate types
242(1)
Noun clauses
242(1)
Quantity clauses
243(1)
Adjective clauses
244(2)
Prepositional clauses
246(1)
The copulas adalah and ialah
246(1)
Subjectless clauses
247(1)
Verbal clauses
248(2)
Participant roles
248(2)
Transitive and intransitive
250(5)
Ditransitive clauses
251(1)
Pseudo-intransitive verbs
251(2)
Formal distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs
253(1)
Transitive and intransitive in Indonesian and English
254(1)
Intransitive verbs with a suffix
254(1)
Voice: active and passive
255(10)
Passive type one
256(1)
Passive type two
257(1)
Choosing passive type
258(2)
Further correspondences between active and passive
260(2)
Uses of the passive
262(2)
Reflexive passives
264(1)
Word order in clauses
265(7)
Placing the predicate before the subject
265(3)
The position of the agent in a passive clause
268(1)
Position of the object
268(1)
Several changes occurring together
269(1)
Foregrounding particles
270(1)
Particle -lah
270(2)
The verb ada
272(2)
Presentational ada
272(1)
Locational ada
273(1)
Possessive ada
274(1)
Intensifying ada
274(1)
Complements
274(12)
Noun and adjective complements
275(1)
Noun and adjective complements of intransitive verbs
275(4)
Noun and adjective complements of transitive verbs
279(1)
Verbal complements
279(1)
Verbal complements of intransitive verbs
279(2)
Verbal complements of transitive verbs
281(1)
Complements with untuk
282(1)
Complements with supaya and agar
283(1)
Complements with sebagai
284(1)
Complements of adjective clauses
285(1)
Derived clauses
286(32)
Topic-comment clauses
287(4)
Possessor topic-comment clauses
287(3)
Object topic-comment clauses
290(1)
Identifying clauses
291(1)
Direct quote clauses
292(2)
Relative clauses
294(6)
Defining relative clauses
294(3)
Topic-comment relative clauses
297(1)
Possessor topic-comment relative clauses meaning 'whose'
297(1)
Object topic-comment relative clauses
298(1)
Prepositional relative clauses
298(2)
Locative relative clauses
300(1)
Bahwa clauses
300(3)
Untuk clauses
303(2)
Supaya/agar clauses
305(3)
Nominalised clauses
308(10)
Nominalised relative clauses
309(2)
Predicate nominalisation
311(5)
Simple nominal clauses
316(2)
Chapter 4 Sentences 318(61)
Mood
318(61)
Statements
319(1)
Questions
319(1)
Yes-no questions
319(4)
Bukan as sentence tag
321(1)
Ya as sentence tag
321(1)
Alternative possibility yes-no questions
322(1)
Responses to yes-no questions
322(1)
Information questions
323(6)
Siapa and apa
324(2)
Mana
326(1)
Berapa
327(1)
Keberapa
328(1)
Other question words
328(1)
Question word plus saja
328(1)
Questions with -kah
329(2)
-kah in yes-no questions
329(2)
Information questions with -kah
331(1)
Indirect questions
331(2)
Imperatives
333(10)
Intransitive verbs in imperatives
333(1)
Transitive verbs in imperatives
333(1)
Negative imperatives
334(1)
Passive imperatives
334(1)
Addressee in imperatives
335(1)
Pronoun objects
336(1)
Particle -lah in imperatives
336(1)
Softeners in imperatives
337(1)
Tag ya
337(1)
Silakan 'please'
337(1)
Tolong, coba, harap in imperatives
337(1)
Tolong
337(1)
Coba
338(1)
Harap
338(1)
Softeners occurring with jangan
339(1)
Softeners occurring with -lah
339(1)
Requests
339(1)
Requests with minta and mohon
340(1)
Requests with hendaklah and hendaknya
340(1)
Very polite requests
340(1)
Constructions with mari and ayo
341(1)
Constructions with biar
342(1)
Mari and biar contrasted
343(1)
Exclamations
343(2)
Interjections
343(1)
Exclamatory sentences
344(1)
Complex sentences
345(29)
Coordination
346(3)
Coordination of phrases and words
347(1)
Coordination of more than two items
348(1)
Coordination without a coordinator
349(1)
Subordination
349(8)
Clauses of time
350(1)
Clauses of condition
351(1)
Clauses of reason
352(1)
Clauses of purpose
352(1)
Clauses of extent
353(1)
Clauses of concession
354(1)
Clauses of means and manner
354(1)
Clauses of resemblance
355(1)
Clauses of contrast
355(1)
Subordinate clauses without a subordinator
356(1)
Correlative structures
357(9)
Balk...maupun 'both...and'
357(1)
Correlative structures with bukan
357(1)
Bukan...melainkan/tetapi 'not...but rather'
358(1)
Correlative subordinate clauses of purpose
359(1)
Bukan hanya...melainkan/tetapi juga 'not only...but also'
359(1)
Other correlative structures with bukan
359(1)
Begitu/(se)demikian...sehingga/sampai 'so...(to the extent) that'
359(1)
Correlative structures with begitu 'no sooner...than'
360(1)
Correlative structures with modifying adverbs like makin makin 'the more...the more'
361(1)
Meskipun namun 'although...nevertheless' and related structures
362(1)
Lebih baik/sebaiknya daripada 'it's better that...rather than'
363(1)
Bagaimanapun/betapapun [ adjective] -nya namun/toh 'no matter how [ adjective]...nevertheless'
364(1)
Correlative structures with baru 'not until'
364(1)
Entah entah 'whether...or'
365(1)
Kalau/apabila maka 'if...then'
365(1)
Jangankan...pun 'not only...even'
365(1)
Sentence linkers
366(5)
Linkers indicating an addition
367(1)
Linkers indicating contrast
367(2)
Linkers indicating a consequence
369(1)
Linkers indicating an example
370(1)
Linkers indicating a time sequence
370(1)
Sentence adjuncts
371(2)
Sentence adjuncts which indicate a feeling or opinion
371(1)
Sentence adjuncts which indicate likelihood or truthfulness
372(1)
Sentence adjuncts which report what is said
373(1)
Vocatives
373(1)
Ellipsis
374(1)
Ellipsis of subject
374(2)
Ellipsis of subject nouns referring to non-humans
376(1)
Retention of parts of the noun phrase in ellipsis
376(1)
Ellipsis of words other than the subject
377(1)
Multiple ellipsis
377(1)
Ellipsis of possessives
377(1)
Ellipsis in responses
377(2)
Notes 379(4)
References 383(6)
Index 389
James Neil Sneddon was Associate Professor in the Faculty of Asian and International Studies at Griffith University, with long experience teaching Indonesian language and linguistics. He is also author of Understanding Indonesian Grammar. Alexander Adelaar is Principal Fellow in the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of a number of books on Austronesian linguistics. Dwi N. Djenar lectures in the Department of Indonesian Studies at the University of Sydney. She is author of Semantic, Pragmatic and Discourse Perspectives of Preposition Use: A study of Indonesian locatives. Michael C. Ewing is a senior lecturer in Indonesian Studies at the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of Grammar and Inference in Conversation: Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese.