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E-grāmata: Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide

4.26/5 (97 ratings by Goodreads)

Jacob E. Van Vleet

Formāts: EPUB+DRM
Izdošanas datums: 28-Jan-2021
Izdevniecība: Hamilton Books
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9780761872542

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Formāts: EPUB+DRM
Izdošanas datums: 28-Jan-2021
Izdevniecība: Hamilton Books
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9780761872542

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Critical thinking is now needed more than ever. This accessible and engaging book provides the necessary tools to question and challenge the discourse that surrounds uswhether in the media, the classroom, or everyday conversation. Additionally, it offers readers a deeper understanding of the foundations of analytical thought. Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide is a systematic and concise introduction to more than fifty fallacies, from anthropomorphism and argumentum ad baculum, to reductionism and the slippery slope argument. This revised edition includes updated examples, exercises, and a new chapter on non-Western logical fallacies. With helpful definitions and relevant explanations, the author guides the reader through the realms of fallacious reasoning and deceptive rhetoric. This is an essential guide to philosophical reflection and clear thinking.

Recenzijas

Jacob E. Van Vleets book on informal fallacies is an important reminder of what is typically left out in the study of logic that all too often is confined to formal logic, to the study of rules of inference and the abstractions that proceed from the granting of those rules. Informal fallacies are psychologically persuasive and arise within the marketplace, the common world; studying them may enable us to think for ourselves amid our current blather of clichés and tweets. -- David Lovekin, Hastings College

Preface

Introduction

xiii

What Is an Informal Logical Fallacy?

xiii

The Importance of Studying Informal Logical Fallacies

xiv

What Is an Argument?

xiv

Characteristics of Critical Thinking

1 Linguistic Fallacies

(10)

1.1 Fallacy of Division

(1)

1.2 Fallacy of Composition

(1)

1.3 Vagueness

(1)

1.4 Equivocation

(1)

1.5 Weak Analogy

(1)

1.6 Pseudo-Profundity

(1)

1.7 Inflation

(1)

1.8 False Certainty

(1)

1.9 Fallacy of Definition

(3)

Notes

(2)

2 Fallacies of Omission

(12)

2.1 Bifurcation

(1)

2.2 False Dilemma

(1)

2.3 Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam

(2)

2.4 Shifting the Burden of Proof

(1)

2.5 Straw Argument

(1)

2.6 Reductionism

(1)

2.7 Fallacy of Psychologism

(1)

2.8 Perfectionist Fallacy

(1)

2.9 Fallacy of the Unknowable Fact

(1)

2.10 Willed Ignorance

(3)

3 Fallacies of Intrusion

(16)

3.1 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Abusive

(1)

3.2 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Circumstantial

(1)

3.3 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Postmortem

(1)

3.4 Argumentum Ad Verecundiam

(1)

3.5 Argumentum Ad Baculum

(1)

3.6 Appeal to Common Knowledge

(1)

3.7 Genetic Fallacy

(1)

3.8 Argumentum Ad Populum

(1)

3.9 Appeal to Tradition

(1)

3.10 TuQuoque

(1)

3.11 Two Wrongs Make a Right

(1)

3.12 Red Herring

(3)

3.13 Ignoratio Elenchi

(1)

3.14 Argumentum Ad Crumenam

(1)

3.15 Argumentum Ad Misericordiam

(2)

4 Fallacies with Built-in Assumptions

(12)

4.1 Petitio Principii

(1)

4.2 Complex Question

(1)

4.3 Appeal to Human Nature

(1)

4.4 Is-Ought Fallacy

(1)

4.5 Projection

(1)

4.6 Appeal to Anecdotal Evidence

(1)

4.7 Narcissist Fallacy

(1)

4.8 Anthropomorphism

(1)

4.9 Fallacy of Efficiency

(1)

4.10 The Exception Disproves the Rule

(1)

4.11 Subjectivist Fallacy

(3)

Notes

(2)

5 Causal Fallacies

(8)

5.1 Fallacy of the False Cause

(1)

5.2 Fallacy of the Single Cause

(1)

5.3 Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

(1)

5.4 Slippery Slope

(2)

5.5 Gambler's Fallacy

(1)

5.6 Appeal to Consequences

(3)

6 Some Non-Western Fallacies

(6)

6.1 Quibble over Metaphor

(1)

6.2 Quibble over Term

(1)

6.3 Fallacy of Contradiction

(1)

6.4 Fallacy of the Unproved

(1)

6.5 Inconclusive Fallacy

(1)

6.6 Deviant Fallacy

(2)

Notes

(2)

7 Valid and Invalid Argument Forms

(12)

7.1 Modus Ponens

(2)

7.2 Modus Tollens

(1)

7.3 Disjunctive Syllogism

(1)

7.4 Hypothetical Syllogism

(1)

7.5 Constructive Dilemma

(2)

7.6 Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent

(1)

7.7 Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent

(4)

Appendix I Exercises

(14)

Part One

(1)

Part Two

(1)

Part Three

(1)

Part Four

(2)

Part Five

(1)

Part Six

(1)

Part Seven

(1)

Answer Key: Parts Two Through Six

(1)

Part Two

(1)

Part Three

(1)

Part Four

(1)

Part Five

(1)

Part Six

(1)

Notes

(3)

Appendix II Aristotle on the Law of Non-Contradiction

(6)

Excerpts

(6)

Appendix III Bertrand Russell on Truth and Falsehood

(8)

Excerpts

(8)

Glossary of Logic and Critical Thinking Terms

105

(4)

E-grāmata: Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide

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