E-grāmata: Information: A Historical Companion

"Information technology shapes nearly every part of modern life, and debates about information--its meaning, effects, and applications--are central to a range of fields, from economics, technology, and politics to library science, media studies, and cultural studies. This rich, unique resource traces the history of information with an approach designed to draw connections across fields and perspectives, and provide essential context for our current age of information. Clear, accessible, and authoritative, the book opens with a series of articles that provide a narrative history of information from premodern practices to twenty-first-century information culture. This section focuses on major developments in the creation, storage, search, exchange, management, and manipulation of information, as well as the many meanings and uses of information over time. Coverage spans Europe, North America, and many other places and periods, including the medieval Islamic world and early modern East Asia, as well as the emergence of global networks. A second, alphabetical section includes more than 100 concise articles that cover specific concepts (e.g., data, intellectual property, privacy); formats and genres (books, databases, maps, newspapers, scrolls, social media);people (archivists, diplomats and spies, readers, secretaries, teachers); practices (censorship, forecasting, learning, surveilling, translating); processes (digitization, quantification, storage and search); systems (bureaucracy, platforms, telecommunications); technologies (algorithms, cameras, computers), and much more. The book concludes with an informative glossary, defining terms from "analog/digital" to "World Wide Web.""--

A landmark history that traces the creation, management, and sharing of information through six centuries

Thanks to modern technological advances, we now enjoy seemingly unlimited access to information. Yet how did information become so central to our everyday lives, and how did its processing and storage make our data-driven era possible? This volume is the first to consider these questions in comprehensive detail, tracing the global emergence of information practices, technologies, and more, from the premodern era to the present. With entries spanning archivists to algorithms and scribes to surveilling, this is the ultimate reference on how information has shaped and been shaped by societies.

Written by an international team of experts, the book's inspired and original long- and short-form contributions reconstruct the rise of human approaches to creating, managing, and sharing facts and knowledge. Thirteen full-length chapters discuss the role of information in pivotal epochs and regions, with chief emphasis on Europe and North America, but also substantive treatment of other parts of the world as well as current global interconnections. More than 100 alphabetical entries follow, focusing on specific tools, methods, and concepts—from ancient coins to the office memo, and censorship to plagiarism. The result is a wide-ranging, deeply immersive collection that will appeal to anyone drawn to the story behind our modern mania for an informed existence.

• Tells the story of information’s rise from 1450 through to today
• Covers a range of eras and regions, including the medieval Islamic world, late imperial East Asia, early modern and modern Europe, and modern North America
• Includes 100 concise articles on wide-ranging topics:

Concepts: data, intellectual property, privacy

Formats and genres: books, databases, maps, newspapers, scrolls and rolls, social media

People: archivists, diplomats and spies, readers, secretaries, teachers

Practices: censorship, forecasting, learning, political reporting, translating

Processes: digitization, quantification, storage and search

Systems: bureaucracy, platforms, telecommunications

Technologies: cameras, computers, lithography

• Provides an informative glossary, suggested further reading (a short bibliography accompanies each entry), and a detailed index
• Written by an international team of notable contributors, including Jeremy Adelman, Lorraine Daston, John-Paul Ghobrial, Earle Havens, Niv Horesh, Sarah Igo, Lauren Kassell, Pamela Long, David McKitterick, Elias Muhanna, Carla Nappi, Geoffrey Nunberg, Neil Safier, Haun Saussy, Erin Schreiner, Jacob Soll, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Alexandra Walsham, and many more.