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ix | |
Preface: Against Prometheus |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 | (26) |
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1.1 The Origin of Innovation |
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2 | (5) |
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1.2 The Commons in the Innovation Commons |
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7 | (9) |
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8 | (4) |
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What Type of Commons Is an Innovation Commons? |
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12 | (2) |
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Common Pooling and Peer Production in an Innovation Commons |
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14 | (2) |
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1.3 Clunkers and Homebrew |
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16 | (2) |
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1.4 The republic of Letters |
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18 | (3) |
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1.5 Why Groups, Why Cooperation, Why Open? |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (30) |
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2.1 Trade and New Knowledge Explain Growth |
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27 | (5) |
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2.2 The Innovation Problem as Economic Problem |
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32 | (6) |
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The Schumpeter-Nelson-Arrow Version of the Innovation Problem |
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33 | (3) |
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The Hayek Version of the Innovation Problem |
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36 | (2) |
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2.3 The Origin of the Innovation Trajectory |
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38 | (3) |
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2.4 The Economic Problem of Innovation |
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41 | (2) |
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2.5 The Innovation Problem is a Collective Action Problem |
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43 | (4) |
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2.6 Innovation Happens in Groups |
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47 | (6) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (4) |
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3 Innovation Is a Knowledge Problem |
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57 | (16) |
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3.1 Innovation Problem I: Social Contract Problem (Mccloskey Version) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.2 Innovation Problem II: Distributed Knowledge Problem (Hayek Version) |
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60 | (3) |
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3.3 Innovation Problem III: Idiosyncratic Risk (Williamson Version) |
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63 | (3) |
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3.4 Innovation Problem IV: Rules for Cooperation (Ostrom Version) |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (3) |
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4 Four Theories of the Innovation Commons |
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73 | (10) |
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74 | (2) |
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4.2 Evolution of Cooperation |
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76 | (1) |
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4.3 Defense Against Enclosure |
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77 | (1) |
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4.4 Institutional Uncertainty |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (2) |
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5 Origin of the Innovation Trajectory |
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83 | (26) |
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5.1 The Zeroth Phase of the Innovation Trajectory |
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85 | (5) |
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5.2 The Fundamental Transformation |
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90 | (3) |
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5.3 The Proto-Entrepreneur, The Dual-Discovery Problem, and the Two-Commons Solution |
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93 | (7) |
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The Proto-entrepreneur Seeks Nonprice Information |
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94 | (2) |
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The Proto-entrepreneur Faces a Dual-Discovery Problem |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (2) |
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5.4 Modeling the Innovation Commons |
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100 | (2) |
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5.5 The Innovation Commons in Institutional Space |
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102 | (3) |
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5.6 The Innovation Commons as Higher-Order Discovery |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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6 Rules of the Innovation Commons |
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109 | (44) |
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6.1 Cooperation Behind the Veil of Ignorance |
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110 | (3) |
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6.2 An Emergent Social Order |
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113 | (1) |
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6.3 The Use of Society in Knowledge |
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114 | (2) |
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6.4 Problems the Innovation Commons Must Solve |
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116 | (13) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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Problem 5 Punishment and Conflict |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Economic Problems the Rules Must Solve |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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6.6 Core Design Principles |
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131 | (12) |
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6.7 Can Evolution Explain the Innovation Commons? |
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143 | (7) |
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144 | (2) |
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Evolution of Cooperation in the Commons |
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146 | (1) |
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Is Cooperation for Innovation the Institutional Equivalent of War? |
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147 | (1) |
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The Innovation Commons as Higher-Order Discovery |
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148 | (2) |
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6.8 Conclusion: We Innovate Together |
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150 | (3) |
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7 Life Cycle of an Innovation Commons |
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153 | (26) |
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7.1 Institutions of Collective Innovation |
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154 | (6) |
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Institutional Varieties of Collective Innovation |
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154 | (5) |
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Institutional Transformations over an Innovation Trajectory |
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159 | (1) |
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7.2 The Origin of Industry |
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160 | (3) |
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7.3 The Standard Model of Industry Associations |
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163 | (3) |
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7.4 A New Model of Industry Associations: Private Governance for Discovery of Public Goods |
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166 | (6) |
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7.5 Industry Associations Construct Niches |
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172 | (3) |
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174 | (1) |
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7.6 The Demic Phase of an Innovation Commons |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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8 Innovation Policy for the Commons |
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179 | (24) |
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8.1 A History and Critique of Modern Innovation Policy |
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180 | (8) |
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Theory of Innovation Policy |
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180 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Modern Innovation Policy |
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181 | (3) |
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Critique of Innovation Policy |
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184 | (2) |
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Political Economy of Innovation Policy |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Innovation Policy as a Public and Private Goods Problem |
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187 | (1) |
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Innovation Policy and Its Discontents: A Summary |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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8.3 Efficient Institutions of Innovation Policy |
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190 | (6) |
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The Comparative Institutional Approach |
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190 | (5) |
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The Low Social Costs (and High Private Benefits) of Innovation Commons |
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195 | (1) |
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8.4 New Innovation Policy |
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196 | (4) |
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Diagnosing the Innovation Problem |
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196 | (1) |
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Benefits to Groups, Regions, Nations, and the World |
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197 | (1) |
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This Comes from Civil Society |
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197 | (2) |
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The Innovation Economy Cannot Be Planned |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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9 Inclusive Innovation Policy |
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203 | (18) |
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9.1 Two Types of Innovation Policy |
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203 | (2) |
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9.2 Innovation Seen and Unseen |
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205 | (3) |
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9.3 Against Innovation: Theory |
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208 | (2) |
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9.4 A Better Approach to Innovation Policy |
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210 | (6) |
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Facilitate Collective Learning |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Minimize Innovation Rent-Seeking |
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214 | (1) |
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Examples: Uber and Bitcoin |
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215 | (1) |
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9.5 Inclusive Innovation: A New Social Contract |
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216 | (5) |
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221 | (8) |
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10.1 The Institutional Origin of Innovation |
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222 | (2) |
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10.2 Implications for Economic Theory |
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224 | (1) |
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10.3 The Innovation-Sharing Economy |
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225 | (4) |
References |
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229 | (22) |
Index |
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251 | |