Acknowledgments |
|
xiii | |
About the companion website |
|
xv | |
|
Technology and Creativity in Computer Music |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Combining text and software to explore computer music from the inside |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
The pursuit of new perspectives in the analysis of electronic and computer music |
|
|
3 | (5) |
|
Nine case studies from the history of computer music |
|
|
8 | (7) |
|
|
15 | (38) |
|
|
15 | (20) |
|
Max Mathews and the beginnings of software for computer music |
|
|
15 | (8) |
|
Jean-Claude Risset and timbral synthesis |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
John Chowning and the evolution of FM synthesis |
|
|
25 | (10) |
|
|
35 | (16) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Timbre and FM synthesis in Stria |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
The golden ratio in the context of FM synthesis |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Stria's synthesis algorithm |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Spatialization and reverberation |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (34) |
|
|
53 | (18) |
|
The birth and early development of granular synthesis |
|
|
53 | (18) |
|
|
71 | (11) |
|
Riverrun: Technique, form, and structure |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Granular synthesis in Riverrun and the GSX system |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Spatialization in Riverrun |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Transition from Section 1 to Section 2 |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (5) |
|
3 Philippe Manoury: Pluton |
|
|
87 | (40) |
|
|
87 | (18) |
|
First steps in the development of technologies for live computer music |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
The pioneering contributions of IRCAM |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
The development of the IRCAM 4X synthesizer |
|
|
90 | (7) |
|
Philippe Manoury: The background to the composition of Pluton |
|
|
97 | (8) |
|
|
105 | (20) |
|
The global form and materials of Pluton |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Constitution of the digital environment for the performance of Pluton |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
The Trevor sampler module |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
Gumbos: FFT-shaped oscillators |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
The reverberation modules |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
The quadraphonic spatialization module |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Mapping the piano performance to the real-time environment |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
The score follower: A virtual listener to the pianist's performance |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Integrating the performance into the development of electroacoustic processes |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Markov sequences: Generating virtual scores from the piano performance |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
The interactions between the piano and the computer through the musical work |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
4 Hildegard Westerkamp: Beneath the Forest Floor |
|
|
127 | (34) |
|
Contexts for Beneath the Forest Floor |
|
|
127 | (15) |
|
The World Soundscape Project and the evolution of soundscape composition |
|
|
127 | (5) |
|
New directions in the development of the World Soundscape Project |
|
|
132 | (3) |
|
Hildegard Westerkamp and her influences on soundscape composition |
|
|
135 | (7) |
|
Inside Beneath the Forest Floor |
|
|
142 | (17) |
|
Recording as part of the creative process |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Field recording locations in British Columbia |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
The raw materials of Beneath the Forest Floor |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
Digitally processing the environmental sources |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Isolating sounds from their original environment: Equalizing and gating |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Extending materials over time with delay and reverberation |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Transposing and harmonizing |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Assembling the processed sound files into premixes |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
The environmental materials through the structure of Beneath the Forest Floor |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
5 Francis Dhomont: Phonurgie |
|
|
161 | (38) |
|
|
161 | (19) |
|
Background and early career |
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
Musique concrete and the birth of Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) |
|
|
164 | (5) |
|
New directions for GRM: From analog to digital |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
|
171 | (7) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
A final homage to musique concrete within Dhomont's Cycle du son |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (17) |
|
The materials of Phonurgie |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Sampling of preexisting works |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Processing the sound sources |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Successive sound transformations |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Building reservoirs of sound materials |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Improvising with sounds and processes: Sequences-jeu |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
Exploring empirically software environments and SYTER |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
Editing the materials into the final mix |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
The structure of Phonurgie |
|
|
193 | (4) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
199 | (34) |
|
|
199 | (17) |
|
The Composers Desktop Project |
|
|
199 | (6) |
|
The development of Sound Loom as a composing resource |
|
|
205 | (11) |
|
|
216 | (14) |
|
From a single source to a variety of processed sound files |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Successive Sound Loom processes |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (5) |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
The large-scale structure of Imago |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
230 | (3) |
|
7 Jonathan Harvey: Fourth String Quartet |
|
|
233 | (38) |
|
Contexts for the Fourth String Quartet |
|
|
233 | (17) |
|
First steps exploring the possibilities of electronic and computer music |
|
|
233 | (6) |
|
|
239 | (11) |
|
Inside the Fourth String Quartet |
|
|
250 | (19) |
|
Inspiration and structure |
|
|
250 | (3) |
|
Acoustic compositional techniques |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
Electroacoustic techniques |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
Reverberation and biquad filters |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (4) |
|
Performing the electroacoustic part of the Fourth String Quartet |
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
Summary of the integration of acoustic writing and electronics |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
8 Cort Lippe: Music for Tuba and Computer |
|
|
271 | (36) |
|
Contexts for Music and Tuba and Computer |
|
|
271 | (16) |
|
Early exploration of the possibilities of computer music |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
From composing software to real-time synthesis: The road to IRCAM |
|
|
274 | (4) |
|
The IRCAM Musical Workstation and Max |
|
|
278 | (9) |
|
Inside Music for Tuba and Computer |
|
|
287 | (19) |
|
General form and materials |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
The digital environment for the performance of Music for Tuba and Computer |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
The sigmund~ object and the oscillators module |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Harmonizer, noiser/phaser, frequency shifters |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
Allpass filters and reverberation |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Spatialization and stereo output |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Global control of the digital environment |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Instrumental and electronic interactions through Music for Tuba and Computer |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
9 Natasha Barrett: Hidden Values---The Lock |
|
|
307 | (40) |
|
Contexts for Hidden Values---The Lock |
|
|
307 | (22) |
|
The early evolution of spatial technologies |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
The development of sound diffusion systems for performance |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Surround sound techniques |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
The IRCAM Spatializer (Spat) |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
Vector base amplitude panning (VBAP) |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Natasha Barrett and spatial projection |
|
|
321 | (8) |
|
Inside Hidden Values---The Lock |
|
|
329 | (15) |
|
The musical materials of The Lock |
|
|
330 | (4) |
|
Barrett's software environment for the playback and spatialization of materials |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Three-dimensional positioning and movements operated by IRCAM's Spatialisateur |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Playback of prerecorded trajectories |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Spatialization and dramatization in the structure of The Lock |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
341 | (2) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (3) |
Conclusion |
|
347 | (6) |
Notes |
|
353 | (40) |
Bibliography |
|
393 | (12) |
Index |
|
405 | |