Implement evidence-based feedback practices that move learners forward
Feedback is essential to successful instruction and improved student performance, but learners often dread and dismiss feedback and its effectiveness can vary. Thus, sharing intentions, clarifying success criteria, knowing what type of feedback to provide and when, and activating students as owners of their learning are essential feedback functions.
Instructional Feedback presents a comprehensive summary of the most recent research on instructional feedback and describes its successful implementation. With a focus on evidence-based approaches adapted to specific contexts, the authors use common classroom situations to demystify feedback and place it within a broad instructional context, along with definitions, characteristics, and precautions about its effect on students emotions and behaviors. Inside youll find:
- Coverage of all grades and concentrations, including math, language arts, music, art, and science
- Peer feedback, self-assessment, and subject-specific nuances
- Student and teacher examples of feedback and suggestions for improvement
Engaging and concise, Instructional Feedback discusses why feedback is so powerful, how it is promising, and what it looks like in practice.
Foreword |
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ix | |
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Preface |
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xi | |
About the Authors |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction: What Is Instructional Feedback All About? |
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1 | (12) |
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4 | (2) |
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What Is the Promise of Feedback? |
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6 | (1) |
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An Example From the Classroom: How Much Feedback and About What? |
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7 | (1) |
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A Framework for Thinking About Feedback |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Feedback From the Perspective of the Learner |
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13 | (10) |
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13 | (1) |
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A Model of Response to Instructional Feedback |
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13 | (8) |
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21 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Characteristics of Effective Feedback Messages |
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23 | (12) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Feedback Messages: A Taxonomy |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (4) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 What Is Feedback? |
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35 | (8) |
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A Brief History of Feedback |
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35 | (2) |
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Combining Diagnosis and Prescription |
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37 | (1) |
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A Change in Defining Questions |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Feedback to Parents and Families |
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43 | (10) |
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43 | (1) |
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What Should Feedback to Parents Look Like? |
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44 | (2) |
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How Should Feedback Be Delivered? |
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46 | (1) |
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Parent-Teacher Conferences |
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47 | (1) |
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Making the Most of Parent-Teacher Conferences |
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48 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Better Practice |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Grades as Feedback |
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53 | (10) |
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Flipping the Script on Grading |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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Making Grades Function Effectively as Feedback |
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57 | (2) |
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Critical Misinterpretations |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Efficiency and Effectiveness in Feedback |
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63 | (12) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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Digital/Electronic Feedback |
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67 | (2) |
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Feedback That Clarifies "What Are the Learning Goals?" |
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69 | (1) |
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Rubrics and Extended Advice |
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69 | (2) |
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Sample Biology Assignment Rubric |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Examples of Instructional Feedback |
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75 | (10) |
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Learning Stories in Early Childhood |
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75 | (2) |
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Writing Development at the Primary Level |
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77 | (2) |
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Multiple-Choice Reading Testing in Middle Years/High School |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Feedback for Teachers |
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85 | (8) |
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What Feedback Do Teachers Find Most Useful? |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Bringing It All Together |
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93 | (6) |
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93 | (2) |
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Give Feedback to Your Students |
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95 | (2) |
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Carefully Consider What Your Students Turn In |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Provide the Opportunity and Motivation to Respond to Your Feedback |
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98 | (1) |
Summary and Takeaways |
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99 | (2) |
References |
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101 | (4) |
Index |
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Jeffrey Smith is Professor and formerly Dean of the College of Education at the University of Otago in New Zealand. He earned his bachelors degree from Princeton and his PhD from the University of Chicago. He taught at Rutgers University in New Jersey for 29 years where he was Chair of the Educational Psychology Department. He moved to New Zealand in 2005 and has been there ever since. While teaching at Rutgers, Jeff served as a consultant to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he was the Head of their Office of Research and Evaluation. He has written over 100 research articles and 10 books on assessment and the psychology of aesthetics, including being co-editor of The Cambridge Handbook on Instructional Feedback.
Anastasiya Lipnevich is Professor of Educational Psychology at Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Originally from Belarus, Dr. Lipnevich received her combined Masters degree in Clinical Psychology, Education, and Italian language from the Belarusian State Pedagogical University, followed by her Masters in Counselling Psychology from Rutgers University, USA. She then earned her Ph.D. in Educational Psychology (Learning, Cognition, Development concentration), also from Rutgers University. She co-edited two books Psychosocial skills and School Systems in the 21st Century (Lipnevich, Preckel, and Roberts, 2016; Springer) and the Cambridge Handbook of Instructional Feedback (Lipnevich and Smith, 2018; Cambridge University Press) and numerous articles. She may be contacted at www.anastasiyalipnevich.com or a.lipnevich@gmail.com
Thomas R. Guskey, PhD, is Professor Emeritus in the College of Education at the University of Kentucky. A graduate of the University of Chicagos renowned Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistical Analysis (MESA) program, he began his career in education as a middle school teacher, served as an administrator in the Chicago Public Schools, and was the first Director of the Center for the Improvement of Teaching and Learning, a national educational research center. He is the author/editor of twenty-seven books and over three hundred articles published in prominent research journals as well as Educational Leadership, Kappan, and The School Administrator.
Dr. Guskey served on the Policy Research Team of the National Commission on Teaching and Americas Future, and on the task force to develop the National Standards for Professional Development. He was named a Fellow in the American Educational Research Association and was awarded the Associations prestigious Relating Research to Practice Award. He was also awarded Learning Forwards Outstanding Contribution to the Field Award and Phi Delta Kappans Distinguished Educator Award. Perhaps most unique, in the 158-year history of his undergraduate institution, Thiel College, he is one of only three graduates to receive the Outstanding Alumnus Award and be inducted into the Thiel College Athletic Hall of Fame.
His most recent books include Implementing Mastery Learning (2023), Instructional Feedback: The Power, the Promise, the Practice (with Smith & Lipnevich, 2023); Get Set, Go! Creating Successful Grading and Reporting Systems (2020), What We Know About Grading (with Brookhart, 2019), and On Your Mark: Challenging the Conventions of Grading and Reporting (2015). He may be contacted by email at guskey@uky.edu, Twitter at @tguskey, or at www.tguskey.com.