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E-grāmata: Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems

Edited by (Professor of Cognitive Science Doctoral Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)
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In March 2005 in Saratoga Springs, New York, 30 invited members of the diverse cognitive modeling community met to share commonalities and differences in their approaches to work on various single-focus mathematical or computational models of cognitive functions. The papers that emerged from that gathering discuss such aspects as using brain imaging to guide the development of a cognitive architecture, the modeling and control of visual perception, modeling emotions, the minimal control principle, and constraints on asymptotic performance. Annotation ©2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The field of cognitive modeling has progressed beyond modeling cognition in the context of simple laboratory tasks and begun to attack the problem of modeling it in more complex, realistic environments, such as those studied by researchers in the field of human factors. The problems that the cognitive modeling community is tackling focus on modeling certain problems of communication and control that arise when integrating with the external environment factors such as implicit and explicit knowledge, emotion, cognition, and the cognitive system. These problems must be solved in order to produce integrated cognitive models of moderately complex tasks. Architectures of cognition in these tasks focus on the control of a central system, which includes control of the central processor itself, initiation of functional processes, such as visual search and memory retrieval, and harvesting the results of these functional processes. Because the control of the central system is conceptually different from the internal control required by individual functional processes, a complete architecture of cognition must incorporate two types of theories of control: Type 1 theories of the structure, functionality, and operation of the controller, and type 2 theories of the internal control of functional processes, including how and what they communicate to the controller. This book presents the current state of the art for both types of theories, as well as contrasts among current approaches to human-performance models. It will be an important resource for professional and student researchers in cognitive science, cognitive-engineering, and human-factors.
Contributors: Kevin A. Gluck, Jerry T. Ball, Michael A. Krusmark, Richard W. Pew, Chris R. Sims, Vladislav D. Veksler, John R. Anderson, Ron Sun, Nicholas L. Cassimatis, Randy J. Brou, Andrew D. Egerton, Stephanie M. Doane, Christopher W. Myers, Hansjorg Neth, Jeremy M Wolfe, Marc Pomplun, Ronald A. Rensink, Hansjorg Neth, Chris R. Sims, Peter M. Todd, Lael J. Schooler, Wai-Tat Fu, Michael C. Mozer, Sachiko Kinoshita, Michael Shettel, Alex Kirlik, Vladislav D. Veksler, Michael J. Schoelles, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Eric Dimperio, Ryan K. Jessup, Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Glenn Gunzelmann, Kevin A. Gluck, Scott Price, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, David F. Dinges, Frank E. Ritter, Andrew L. Reifers, Laura Cousino Klein, Michael J. Schoelles, Eva Hudlicka, Hansjorg Neth, Christopher W. Myers, Dana Ballard, Nathan Sprague, Laurence T. Maloney, Julia Trommershauser, Michael S. Landy, A. Hornof, Michael J. Schoelles, David Kieras, Dario D. Salvucci, Niels Taatgen, Erik M. Altmann, Richard A. Carlson, Andrew Howes, Richard L. Lewis, Alonso Vera, Richard P. Cooper, and Michael D. Byrne

Recenzijas

"At a time when neuroscience attempts to localize cognitive processes inside the head, cognitive science finally looks outside the mind for an integrated view of cognition. The essays in this significant and fascinating book focus on the computational modeling of the interaction between mind and environment. A stimulating, comprehensive set of readings composed by excellent researchers." --Gerd Gigerenzer, Director, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin "This volume provides insight into the current and enduring tensions among the research communities attempting to understand human performance and the cognitive functions underlying it . . ." --Susan F. Chipman, Manager, Cognitive Science Program at the U.S. Office of Naval Research "This book reveals the great progress being made in the field of cognitive science . . . The current volume brings together the best and brightest of mathematical modelers with those computational cognitive modelers whose focus is on integrated cognitive systems; the results show the state of the art, and point the way toward exciting future progress." --Richard M. Shiffrin, Luther Dana Waterman Professor of Psychology, Indiana University "A must-read for students of the human mind. A whos who in cognitive science describes the systems approach to understanding for practitioners not just of psychology but of computer science, artificial intelligence, and neural science." --John Tangney ". . . [ Gray] has provided a valuable framework in which models can be accommodated and integrated with a diversity ranging from those of the unmanned air vehicle operator or highway driver to those addressing the millisecond timing of attention switching. . . . The volume also does an admirable job in bringing applied researchers together with those interested in more basic cognitive phenomena, in a way that equally serves the interests of applications, and of advancing the fundamental theory of how the brain performs operations of perception, problem solving, action selection and task management." --Christopher D. Wickens, Senior Scientist, Alion Science and Technology MA&D Operation "Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems is an important book. It is strongly recommended to those interested in cognition as well as to those interested in applications of cognitive theory to human factos and engineering psychology." --PsycCRITIQUES "At a time when neuroscience attempts to localize cognitive processes inside the head, cognitive science finally looks outside the mind for an integrated view of cognition. The essays in this significant and fascinating book focus on the computational modeling of the interaction between mind and environment. A stimulating, comprehensive set of readings composed by excellent researchers." --Gerd Gigerenzer, Director, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin "This volume provides insight into the current and enduring tensions among the research communities attempting to understand human performance and the cognitive functions underlying it . . ." --Susan F. Chipman, Manager, Cognitive Science Program at the U.S. Office of Naval Research "This book reveals the great progress being made in the field of cognitive science . . . The current volume brings together the best and brightest of mathematical modelers with those computational cognitive modelers whose focus is on integrated cognitive systems; the results show the state of the art, and point the way toward exciting future progress." --Richard M. Shiffrin, Luther Dana Waterman Professor of Psychology, Indiana University "A must-read for students of the human mind. A whos who in cognitive science describes the systems approach to understanding for practitioners not just of psychology but of computer science, artificial intelligence, and neural science." --John Tangney ". . . [ Gray] has provided a valuable framework in which models can be accommodated and integrated with a diversity ranging from those of the unmanned air vehicle operator or highway driver to those addressing the millisecond timing of attention switching. . . . The volume also does an admirable job in bringing applied researchers together with those interested in more basic cognitive phenomena, in a way that equally serves the interests of applications, and of advancing the fundamental theory of how the brain performs operations of perception, problem solving, action selection and task management. --Christopher D. Wickens, Senior Scientist, Alion Science and Technology MA&D Operation

The Rise of Cognitive Architectures v
Frank E. Ritter
Contributors xv
I. BEGINNINGS
1(44)
Wayne D. Gray
Composition and Control of Integrated Cognitive Systems
3(10)
Wayne D. Gray
Cognitive Control in a Computational Model of the Predator Pilot
13(16)
Kevin A. Gluck
Jerry T. Ball
Michael A. Krusmark
Some History of Human Performance Modeling
29(16)
Richard W. Pew
II. SYSTEMS FOR MODELING INTEGRATED COGNITIVE SYSTEMS
45(52)
Chris R. Sims
Vladislav D. Veksler
Using Brain Imaging to Guide the Development of a Cognitive Architecture
49(14)
John R. Anderson
The Motivational and Metacognitive Control in Clarion
63(13)
Ron Sun
Reasoning as Cognitive Self-Regulation
76(10)
Nicholas L. Cassimatis
Construction/Integration Architecture: Dynamic Adaptation to Task Constraints
86(11)
Randy J. Brou
Andrew D. Egerton
Stephanie M. Doane
III. VISUAL ATTENTION AND PERCEPTION
97(52)
Christopher W. Myers
Hansjorg Neth
Guided Search 4.0: Current Progress With a Model of Visual Search
99(21)
Jeremy M. Wolfe
Advancing Area Activation Toward a General Model of Eye Movements in Visual Search
120(12)
Marc Pomplun
The Modeling and Control of Visual Perception
132(17)
Ronald A. Rensink
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON INTEGRATED COGNITIVE SYSTEMS
149(62)
Hansjorg Neth
Chris R. Sims
From Disintegrated Architectures of Cognition to an Integrated Heuristic Toolbox
151(14)
Peter M. Todd
Lael J. Schooler
A Rational---Ecological Approach to the Exploration/Exploitation Trade-Offs: Bounded Rationality and Suboptimal Performance
165(15)
Wai-Tat Fu
Sequential Dependencies in Human Behavior Offer Insights Into Cognitive Control
180(14)
Michael C. Mozer
Sachiko Kinoshita
Michael Shettel
Ecological Resources for Modeling Interactive Behavior and Embedded Cognition
194(17)
Alex Kirlik
V. INTEGRATING EMOTIONS, MOTIVATION, AROUSAL INTO MODELS OF COGNITIVE SYSTEMS
211(68)
Vladislav D. Veksler
Michael J. Schoelles
Integrating Emotional Processes Into Decision-Making Models
213(17)
Jerome R. Busemeyer
Eric Dimperio
Ryan K. Jessup
The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems
230(13)
Jonathan Gratch
Stacy Marsella
Decreased Arousal as a Result of Sleep Deprivation: The Unraveling of Cognitive Control
243(11)
Glenn Gunzelmann
Kevin A. Gluck
Scott Price
Hans P. A. Van Dongen
David F. Dinges
Lessons From Defining Theories of Stress for Cognitive Architectures
254(9)
Frank E. Ritter
Andrew L. Reifers
Laura Cousino Klein
Michael J. Schoelles
Reasons for Emotions: Modeling Emotions in Integrated Cognitive Systems
263(16)
Eva Hudlicka
VI. MODELING EMBODIMENT IN INTEGRATED COGNITIVE SYSTEMS
279(46)
Hansjorg Neth
Christopher W. Myers
On the Role of Embodiment in Modeling Natural Behaviors
283(14)
Dana Ballard
Nathan Sprague
Questions Without Words: A Comparison Between Decision Making Under Risk and Movement Planning Under Risk
297(17)
Laurence T. Maloney
Julia Trommershauser
Michael S. Landy
Toward an Integrated, Comprehensive Theory of Visual Search
314(11)
Anthony Hornof
VII. COORDINATING TASKS THROUGH GOALS AND INTENTIONS
325(76)
Michael J. Schoelles
Control of Cognition
327(29)
David Kieras
Integrated Models of Driver Behavior
356(12)
Dario D. Salvucci
The Minimal Control Principle
368(12)
Niels Taatgen
Control Signals and Goal-Directed Behavior
380(8)
Erik M. Altmann
Intentions, Errors, and Experience
388(13)
Richard A. Carlson
VIII. TOOLS FOR ADVANCING INTEGRATED MODELS OF COGNITIVE SYSTEMS
401(28)
Wayne D. Gray
Bounding Rational Analysis: Constraints on Asymptoic Performance
403(11)
Andrew Howes
Richard L. Lewis
Alonso Vera
Integrating Cognitive Systems: The Cogent Approach
414(15)
Richard P. Cooper
IX. AFTERWORD
429(16)
Wayne D. Gray
Local Theories Versus Comprehensive Architectures: The Cognitive Science Jigsaw Puzzle
431(14)
Michael D. Byrne
Author Index 445(12)
Subject Index 457
Wayne D. Gray is a researcher in the fields of computational cognitive modeling, interactive behavior, cognitive task analysis, cognitive workload, and human error. Since earning his Ph.D. from U. C. Berkeley he has worked for both government and industry laboratories, as well as universities. He is currently a Professor of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Gray is a past Chair of the Cognitive Science Society and the founding Chair of the Human Performance Modeling technical group of the Human Factor & Ergonomics Society.