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E-grāmata: Intentional Behaviorism: Philosophical Foundations of Economic Psychology

(Professor, Cardiff University, UK)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Apr-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128145852
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Apr-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128145852
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Intentional behaviorism is a philosophy of psychology that seeks to ascertain the place and nature of cognitive explanation of behavior by empirically determining the scope of an extensional account of behavior based on the limitations of a behavioral approach to explanation. This book draws on an empirical program of research in economic psychology to establish a route to a reliable and justifiable intentional explanation of behavior. Since the cognitive revolution in psychology, intentional explanations of behavior have become the norm, and as the methodology that provides the normal science component of psychology, cognitivism is sometimes accepted relatively uncritically. However, there is a lack of understanding of the role of psychological research in determining the place and shape of intentionality. This book explicates the philosophy of psychology that the author has devised and applied in his work on economic psychology and behavioral economics. Given the provenance of intentional behaviorism, economic and consumer psychology forms the primary application basis for the book.

This book provides a theoretical background to understanding how and why consumers make the choices they do. The book integrates behavioral economics, consumer psychology, and decision-making research to explore intentional behaviorism, which is proposed as a philosophical framework for consumer psychology, viewing economic behavior in the contexts of modern human consumers in affluent marketing-oriented societies.

  • Integrates research in behavioral economics, decision-making, cognitive psychology, and consumer psychology.
  • Offers readers an interdisciplinary look at intentionality and intentional explanations.
  • Proposes a theory of intentional behaviorism to explain economic behavior, consumer choice, and other decision-making.
  • Examines the methodologies of philosophers of mind such as Dennett and Searle.

Recenzijas

"No one discipline can solely account for the complexities that determine consumer choice. In his new book,Intentional Behaviorism: Philosophical Foundations of Economic Psychology, Gordon Foxall masterfully bridges the gap between different disciplinary subjects and schools of thoughts to offer a multidisciplinary perspective and philosophical analysis on the complexities of economic and social behaviour. Both comprehensive and illuminating, this book significantly advances the field and is essential reading for professionals in the area." --Mirella Yani-de-Soriano, Reader, Cardiff University, UK.

"Gordon Foxall has been conducting an empirical research programme into consumer behavioural and economic psychology and consumer decision-making and choice for over three decades. In his current and most innovative approach to the psychological explanation of action, Foxall introduces the concept ofJanus-variablesas a means of linking extensional and intentional variables whilst maintaining their individual spheres of applicability: an ingenious device which will repay the serious attention of behavioral scientists and philosophers. He demonstrates a vast range of knowledge and successfully brings together a truly interdisciplinary piece of scholarship, employing admirable use of philosophical reasoning to proffer an explanation of economic behaviour and much more." --Paul M. W. Hackett, Honorary Fellow, Department of Philosophy, University of Durham, Durham, UK and Professor of Ethnography, School of Communication, EMERSON COLLEGE, Boston, USA

"Gordon Foxall begins his carefully-argued and compelling work by observing that economic activity"the allocation of limited resources among competing ends" (p.7)is applicable to all sorts of activity not typically considered economic. He notes that social, political, and even romantic behavior (and lets add much non-human animal activity) can be usefully viewed within this broad economic perspective. And indeed "useful" is the operative word here as Foxall constructs a research framework for economic behavior that rests upon two philosophies of psychology that are conventionally deemed incompatible. But, Radical Behaviorism, Foxall holds, has not been superseded by Cognitivism (specifically Intentional Stance Cognitivism) in a Kuhnian paradigm war. Rather the clash between these two can be one of productive innovationa scientific consilience, not a destructive competition. Employing just this interplay between these two mighty foundations, Foxall derives an original methodology for a branch of empirical behavioral science designed to render economic behavior more intelligible. This book is a worthy effort toward this unarguably important task." --Linda A.W. Brakel, M.D., Associate Professor (Adjunct), Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Michigan

Preface xi
Part I Introduction
1(14)
1 Orientation
3(12)
1.1 Economic behavior
3(2)
1.2 Levels of exposition
5(2)
1.3 Outline
7(8)
Part II Foundations
15(76)
2 A kind of consilience
17(24)
2.1 Intentional behavior
17(4)
2.2 Insight into insight
21(4)
2.3 Radical behaviorism and intentionality
25(4)
2.4 Beyond the extensional
29(3)
2.5 Rationale
32(5)
2.6 Endnote
37(4)
3 The basis of the intentional stance
41(22)
3.1 Cognitive explanation
41(2)
3.2 Intentional explanation
43(7)
3.2.1 Intentional phenomena are real
44(3)
3.2.2 Irreducibility
47(1)
3.2.3 Behaviorism has failed
48(1)
3.2.4 Psychology must be intentionalistic, but
49(1)
3.3 Realism revisited
50(5)
3.3.1 Extensional science and intentional ascription
51(1)
3.3.2 The ascription of content
52(3)
3.4 Prelude to ascription
55(2)
3.5 Endnotes
57(6)
3.5.1 Crossing the divide
57(2)
3.5.2 "Conscious" and "unconscious" awareness
59(4)
4 The basis of the contextual stance
63(28)
4.1 The nature of radical behaviorism
63(6)
4.2 Four-term contingencies
69(3)
4.3 The contextual strategy
72(3)
4.4 Stances compared
75(2)
4.5 Extensional behavioral science
77(5)
4.6 Behavior theory
82(3)
4.7 Radical behaviorism's claim to uniqueness
85(4)
4.8 Endnote
89(2)
Part III Imperatives of Intentionality
91(58)
5 Behavioral continuity and discontinuity
93(18)
5.1 Beyond the stimulus field
93(6)
5.2 Symbolic behavior
99(4)
5.2.1 Stimulus equivalence revisited
99(3)
5.2.2 Schedule insensitivity
102(1)
5.3 The appeal to physiology
103(3)
5.4 The appeal to private events
106(3)
5.5 The appeal to rules
109(1)
5.6 The appeal to verbal analysis
109(1)
5.7 Endnote
110(1)
6 The personal level
111(16)
6.1 Acknowledging personhood
111(2)
6.2 Skinner's third-person account
113(1)
6.3 More on first-person accounts
114(8)
6.4 First-and third-personal perspectives
122(4)
6.5 Endnote
126(1)
7 Delimiting behavioral interpretation
127(22)
7.1 Behavioral interpretation
127(3)
7.2 What kind of interpretation?
130(3)
7.3 Interpretive stances
133(3)
7.4 Vague analogic guesses?
136(4)
7.5 Teleological behaviorism
140(1)
7.6 The scope of radical behaviorist interpretation
141(4)
7.7 Endnote
145(4)
Part IV Intentional Behaviorism
149(102)
8 The intentional behaviorist research strategy
151(30)
8.1 Intentional Behaviorism
152(1)
8.2 From theoretical minimalism to psychological explanation
152(11)
8.2.1 Theoretical minimalism
153(5)
8.2.2 Psychological explanation
158(5)
8.3 Intentionality, extensionality, intensionality
163(7)
8.3.1 Intentionality
163(2)
8.3.2 Intensionality and extensionality
165(1)
8.3.3 Criteria of extensionality
165(1)
8.3.4 The nature of intentional objects
166(1)
8.3.5 Truth value of intentional states and intensional statements
167(1)
8.3.6 Derived intentionality
167(2)
8.3.7 Some objections
169(1)
8.4 Being human
170(6)
8.4.1 The intensional criterion
170(4)
8.4.2 Cognitive uniqueness
174(2)
8.5 Endnotes
176(5)
8.5.1 Psychological agency
176(1)
8.5.2 Economic agency
177(4)
9 Ascribing intentionality
181(40)
9.1 Modeling consumer choice
181(13)
9.1.1 The extensional model of consumer choice (BPM-E)
181(4)
9.1.2 The bounds of behaviorism in consumer psychology
185(3)
9.1.3 The imperatives of intentionality
188(1)
9.1.4 The intentional model of consumer choice (BPM-I)
189(5)
9.2 Predictability: attitude-intention-behavior
194(15)
9.2.1 Predictive validity
194(3)
9.2.2 The attitude revolution
197(12)
9.3 Consumer heterophenomenology
209(10)
9.3.1 The nature of heterophenomenology
209(4)
9.3.2 Consumer heterophenomenology
213(2)
9.3.3 Heterophenomenology in the context of Intentional Behaviorism
215(4)
9.4 Endnote
219(2)
10 Grounding intentionality
221(26)
10.1 Evaluating the intentional interpretation
221(4)
10.2 Janus-variables and valuation
225(4)
10.3 Relating the levels of exposition
229(18)
10.3.1 Micro-cognitive psychology as a basis for picoeconomic interaction
229(7)
10.3.2 Picoeconomic analysis: the determination of V2
236(11)
10.3.3 Macro-cognitive psychology as a basis for picoeconomic interaction
247(4)
Part V Conclusion
251(14)
11 The explanatory significance of Janus-variables
253(12)
11.1 Janus-variables and the intentional consumer-situation
253(7)
11.1.1 Intentional objects populate the intentional consumer-situation
253(2)
11.1.2 Decision-making
255(2)
11.1.3 Bundling revisited
257(3)
11.2 The broader explanatory significance of Janus-variables
260(3)
11.3 Endnote
263(2)
Bibliography 265(22)
Index 287
Gordon Foxall is Distinguished Research Professor at Cardiff University, United Kingdom, where he is responsible for research in Consumer Behavior Analysis, and a visiting research professor in economic psychology at the University of Reykjavik. He holds PhDs in industrial economics and business and in psychology, and a higher doctorate (DSocSc). He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, the British Psychological Society, and the British Academy of Management. His research interests are in psychological theories of choice and their neuroeconomic underpinnings. His work in behavioral psychology and behavioral economics of consumer choice has inaugurated a new area of research, consumer behavior analysis, which brings behavioral economics and behavioral psychology to the investigation of consumer and marketer behavior in the natural settings of contemporary markets. He is the author of over 300 papers and chapters, and more than 30 books.