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E-grāmata: Interactions Of Photons And Neutrons With Matter (2nd Edition)

(Rochester Inst Of Technology, Usa), (Massachusetts Inst Of Tech, Usa)
  • Formāts: 460 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Mar-2007
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813105683
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  • Formāts: 460 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Mar-2007
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813105683
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This invaluable book is based on lecture notes developed for a one-semester graduate course entitled Interaction of Radiation with Matter, taught in the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The main objective of the course is to teach enough quantum and classical radiation theory to allow students in engineering and the applied sciences to understand and have access to the vast literature on applications of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in materials research.Besides presenting the fundamental physics of radiation interactions, the book devotes individual chapters to some of the important modern-day experimental tools, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, photon correlation spectroscopy, and the various types of neutron, x-ray, and light-scattering techniques. End-of-chapter problems have been added for the new edition, making the book more appropriate as a course textbook.
List of Examples
xv
Introduction
1(4)
An Overview of Classical Mechanics
5(40)
The Lagrangian Formulation
5(3)
The Hamiltonian Formulation
8(6)
Trajectories in Phase Space
14(3)
Variations on the Pendulum
17(9)
Coupled Oscillations
26(6)
Theory of Small Oscillations
32(4)
Poisson Brackets
36(9)
Problems
40(5)
The Transition to Quantum Mechanics
45(60)
Basic Dirac Formulation
45(7)
The State Vector: Kets, Bras, and Inner Products
46(1)
Operators
47(3)
Matrix Representations
50(2)
The Quantum Postulates
52(11)
Observables, Operators, and Measurement
52(2)
Probabilities and Expectation Values
54(1)
Classical Correspondence and the Role of Commutators
55(8)
Transformation to the Schrodinger Picture
63(4)
Representations in Position Space
67(7)
Momentum Space
74(5)
Angular Momentum and Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions
79(26)
Angular Momentum Operators and Commutator Relations
80(2)
Quantization of Angular Momentum
82(2)
Orbital Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions
84(9)
Stationary States for Particle in a Central Potential
93(8)
Problems
101(4)
Classical Treatment of Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation
105(38)
Electromagnetic Field Equations and Conservation Laws
105(4)
Conservation of Charge
106(1)
Conservation of Energy
107(1)
Conservation of Momentum
108(1)
Electromagnetic Potentials
109(10)
The Coulomb Gauge
110(3)
The Lorentz Gauge
113(6)
Field Due to a Changing Polarization
119(6)
Light Scattering from Dielectric Particles
125(18)
Integral Formulation of the Scattered Field
127(7)
Differential Formulation of the Scattered Field
134(5)
Problems
139(4)
Quantum Properties of the Field
143(32)
Canonical Formulation of a Pure Radiation Field
143(5)
Quantization of a Pure Radiation Field
148(11)
Coherent States of the Radiation Field
159(8)
Squeezed States
167(8)
Problems
172(3)
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory, Transition Probabilities, and Scattering
175(26)
The Interaction Picture in Quantum Mechanics
175(3)
Perturbation Expansion of the Time-Evolution Operator
178(1)
Fermi's Golden Rule
179(5)
First-Order Transitions
179(2)
Extension to Scattering Problems
181(3)
Double-Differential Scattering Cross-Sections
184(17)
Problems
195(6)
The Density Operator and Its Role in Quantum Statistics
201(22)
Mixed States and the Density Operator
201(2)
Entropy and Information Content---Determining the Density Operator of a System
203(8)
Perturbation Expansion of the Density Operator
211(12)
Problems
218(5)
First-Order Radiation Processes
223(38)
Emission and Absorption of Photons by Atoms and Molecules
224(12)
Emission
224(6)
Absorption
230(6)
The Origins of Linewidth
236(10)
Natural Linewidth
236(8)
Other Broadening Effects
244(2)
The Photoelectric Effect
246(15)
Problems
258(3)
Second-Order Processes and the Scattering of Photons
261(46)
Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation by a Free Electron
262(7)
Classical Theory
262(2)
Quantum Theory
264(5)
Scattering of Photons by Atoms
269(38)
X-ray Scattering
271(19)
Light Scattering
290(12)
Problems
302(5)
Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
307(30)
Energy of a Nuclear Spin in an Applied Magnetic Field
307(3)
Quantum Mechanical Description of Motion of a Nuclear Spin in a Static Magnetic Field
310(2)
Nuclear Spins in Thermal Equilibrium Under a Static Magnetic Field
312(2)
Effect of Alternating Transverse Magnetic Field on Spin Dynamics
314(9)
The Bloch Equations---T1 and T2 Relaxations
323(2)
The Principle of Spin Echo
325(12)
Problems
333(4)
Theory of Photon Counting Statistics
337(34)
Statistical Distribution of Photoelectron Counts
337(3)
Intensity Fluctuations and Correlations
340(16)
Statistics for Short Counting Time
341(14)
Statistics for Long Counting Time
355(1)
Photon Correlation Measurements
356(4)
Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering
360(11)
Problems
369(2)
Dynamic Structure Factors
371(32)
Dynamic Structure Factors for Simple Fluid Systems
371(14)
The Self Dynamic Structure Factor
371(10)
The Full Dynamic Structure Factor
381(4)
Inelastic Neutron Scattering from a Harmonic Oscillator
385(7)
General Properties of the Dynamic Structure Factor
392(11)
Problems
398(5)
Linear Response Theory
403(20)
Classical Treatment of Linear Response Theory
403(6)
Quantum-Mechanical Treatment of Linear Response Theory
409(14)
Response to a Time-Dependent Perturbation
409(4)
Response of a System at Temperature T
413(6)
Problems
419(4)
Some Constants and Conversion Factors 423(2)
References 425(6)
Index 431