| Introduction |
|
xi | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xiii | |
| Sources |
|
xv | |
|
|
|
xvii | |
| Interacting |
|
|
Naming, greetings and congratulating |
|
|
1 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
Functions: greetings and congratulating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thanking, apologising, requesting and advising |
|
|
16 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asking a third party to do something |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Possession, desire and making suggestions |
|
|
25 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
Expressing desire/subjunctive |
|
|
|
Making suggestions: modals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seeking and giving clarification |
|
|
37 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indefinite particles: -To and |
|
|
|
Identifying and describing people |
|
|
47 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The interrogative and conjunction |
|
|
|
|
|
55 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Verbs of motion in the future |
|
|
|
`If' and `when' (naming conditions) |
|
|
| Narrating |
|
|
|
|
66 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Punctuation, co-ordinating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspects and verbs of motion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Word order: subject and predicate |
|
|
|
|
|
77 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
Prepositions denoting the sequencing of events in time |
|
|
|
Structuring of discourse using adverbs of time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sequence of tenses: reported speech, thought or perception |
|
|
|
Aspects: use of the present tense in a narrative |
|
|
|
Figurative meanings of verbs of motion |
|
|
|
Punctuation: parenthetic words and expressions |
|
|
|
Naming places and objects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
Aspects: use of the present tense in narrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Word order: subject and predicate |
|
|
|
Punctuation: nouns in apposition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The comparative degree of adjectives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lexis: verbs commonly used to express death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past passive participle (short form) |
|
|
|
Adverbs used as predicates |
|
|
|
Word order: adverbs of time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
114 | (10) |
|
Adverbs of time: telling the time |
|
|
|
Approximation and exactitude |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspects: past imperfective |
|
|
|
Word order: adverbs of time and adverbs of place |
|
|
|
Punctuation in co-ordination and subordination: commas and embedded clauses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lexis: figurative uses of the verb |
|
|
|
|
|
124 | (9) |
|
Establishing and maintaining a relationship with one's audience |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Describing |
|
|
|
|
133 | (13) |
|
Adjectives: long and short form |
|
|
|
Word building: verbs from adjectives |
|
|
|
Adjectives: hard and soft |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Superlative degree of adjectives |
|
|
|
Short form neuter adjective/adverb as predicate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
146 | (12) |
|
Structuring discourse: linking parts of speech |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The reflexive possessive adjective |
|
|
|
The reflexive pronoun CaM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound nouns and imperfective gerund |
|
|
158 | (8) |
|
Lexis and word building: compound nouns |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lexis and idioms: wearing and wears |
|
|
|
Aspects and perfective gerund |
|
|
166 | (12) |
|
Aspects in foregrounding and backgrounding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparative degree of adverbs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspects in the past tense |
|
|
|
|
|
178 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192 | (8) |
|
Present active participle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present participles as nouns |
|
|
|
Present participles as adjectives |
|
|
| Key to exercises |
|
200 | (15) |
| Index |
|
215 | |
