Foreword |
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v | |
Preface |
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vii | |
Table of Cases |
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xvii | |
Table of Primary National Legislation |
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xxxix | |
Table of Statutory Instruments |
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xlv | |
Table of International Instruments |
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xlvii | |
Table of EC Decisions, Directives, Regulations and ICTY/ICTR/ICC Rules of Procedure |
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lxiii | |
Table of Abbreviations |
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lxv | |
CHAPTER 1 THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Sources of International Law and Individual Legal Personality |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 The International Criminalisation Process |
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4 | (4) |
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1.4 Enforcement of International Criminal Law |
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8 | |
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2 | (12) |
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1.6 International Criminal Law and Human Rights |
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14 | (3) |
CHAPTER 2 TERRORISM |
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17 | (32) |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2 The Thematic Approach in International Law |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3 International Terrorism in National Statutes |
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20 | (3) |
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2.4 The Specialised Anti-Terrorist Conventions |
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23 | (15) |
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2.4.1 Offences against civil aviation |
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23 | (5) |
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2.4.2 Hostage taking and attacks against internationally protected persons |
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28 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Terrorist bombings and nuclear terrorism |
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30 | (2) |
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2.4.4 Terrorist financing and Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) |
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32 | (3) |
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2.4.5 Establishment of regional mechanisms |
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35 | (3) |
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2.5 State Sponsored Terrorism |
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38 | (2) |
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2.6 Terrorism and National Liberation Movements |
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40 | (3) |
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2.7 Organised Crime and its Relation to Terrorism |
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43 | (1) |
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2.8 Terrorist Acts as Political Offences |
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44 | (2) |
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2.9 Terrorism and Human Rights |
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46 | (3) |
CHAPTER 3 TRANSNATIONAL OFFENCES |
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49 | (44) |
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3.1 Transnational Organised Crime |
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49 | (4) |
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3.1.1 The additional CATOC Protocols |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (7) |
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3.2.1 Development of international measures to control drug-trafficking |
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54 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Drug-trafficking as a crime against international law |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (13) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (3) |
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3.3.4 Council of Europe initiatives |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.3.6 National initiatives to combat money laundering |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (10) |
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3.4.1 Council of Europe initiatives |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (5) |
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3.4.3 Other international initiatives |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4.4 National initiatives |
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81 | (2) |
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3.5 Bribery of Foreign Public Officials |
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83 | (4) |
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3.6 International Postal Offences |
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87 | (1) |
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3.7 Circulation and Trafficking in Obscene Publications |
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88 | (5) |
CHAPTER 4 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW OF THE SEA |
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93 | (16) |
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4.1 Introduction: The Law of the Sea |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Definition of piracy under international law |
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95 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Mutiny and other violence against ships not amounting to piracy |
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98 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Mechanisms for the prevention and eradication of piracy |
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99 | (1) |
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4.3 Offences Against Submarine Cables and Pipelines |
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100 | (3) |
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4.4 Unauthorised Broadcasting from the High Seas |
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103 | (1) |
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4.5 The Right of Hot Pursuit |
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104 | (5) |
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104 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Commencement and continuous nature of hot pursuit |
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106 | (1) |
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4.5.3 The doctrine of constructive presence |
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107 | (2) |
CHAPTER 5 OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON |
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109 | (18) |
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109 | (1) |
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5.2 Slavery and Related Practices |
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109 | (8) |
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5.2.1 The slave trade and similar institutions |
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111 | (5) |
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5.2.2 Remedies and international enforcement measures |
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116 | (1) |
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5.3 Torture as a Crime under International Law |
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117 | (4) |
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118 | (2) |
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5.3.2 The 'public official' requirement of torture |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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5.5 Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances |
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122 | (5) |
CHAPTER 6 DEFENCES IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW |
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127 | (16) |
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6.1 Theoretical Underpinnings of Criminal Defences |
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127 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Is there a place for domestic defences in the ICC Statute? |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (4) |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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6.6 Mistake of Fact or Mistake of Law |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
CHAPTER 7 STATE JURISDICTION AND IMMUNITIES |
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143 | (36) |
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7.1 Criminal Jurisdiction: An Introduction |
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143 | (1) |
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7.2 Territorial Jurisdiction |
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144 | (7) |
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7.2.1 Subjective territoriality |
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145 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Objective territoriality |
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146 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Territorial jurisdiction in the UK |
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148 | (1) |
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7.2.4 The ambit of national territory |
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149 | (2) |
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7.3 The Active Personality Principle |
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151 | (1) |
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7.4 The Passive Personality Principle |
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152 | (2) |
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7.5 The Protective Principle |
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154 | (2) |
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7.6 Universal Jurisdiction |
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156 | (4) |
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7.7 Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Principle |
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160 | (2) |
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7.8 Jurisdiction With Respect to Crimes Against Civil Aviation |
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162 | (1) |
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7.9 International Criminal Jurisdiction |
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162 | (3) |
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7.10 Immunities from Criminal Jurisdiction |
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165 | (5) |
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7.10.1 General conception of immunity in international law |
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165 | (3) |
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7.10.2 Immunity from criminal jurisdiction |
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168 | (1) |
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7.10.3 Act of State doctrine |
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169 | (1) |
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7.11 Immunity Under Domestic Law and Jus Cogens Norms |
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170 | (3) |
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7.12 Foreign and Multinational Forces Abroad |
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173 | (1) |
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7.13 Diplomatic and Consular Immunities |
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174 | (2) |
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7.14 Immunity from International Criminal Jurisdiction |
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176 | (3) |
CHAPTER 8 EXTRADITION AND ABDUCTION |
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179 | (52) |
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179 | (1) |
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8.2 The Extradition Process: General Principles |
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179 | (13) |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Political offence exception |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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8.2.6 Fiscal offences and offences under military law |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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8.2.8 Surrender of nationals |
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190 | (1) |
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8.2.9 The rule of non-inquiry |
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191 | (1) |
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8.3 International Initiatives |
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192 | (9) |
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8.3.1 The UN Model Treaty on Extradition |
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192 | (1) |
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8.3.2 1957 European Convention on Extradition |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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8.3.4 1995 Convention on Simplified Extradition Procedure |
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195 | (1) |
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8.3.5 1996 Convention Relating to Extradition |
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196 | (3) |
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8.3.6 Council Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant |
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199 | (1) |
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8.3.7 UK Extradition Bill 2002 |
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200 | (1) |
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8.4 Extradition and EC Law |
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201 | (4) |
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8.4.1 Expulsion of nationals |
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203 | (1) |
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8.4.2 The right to free movement |
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204 | (1) |
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8.5 Extradition and International Human Rights Instruments |
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205 | (8) |
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8.5.1 European Convention on Human Rights |
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206 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Prohibition against torture and inhuman and degrading treatment |
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207 | (2) |
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8.5.3 The Soering principle and deportation |
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209 | (2) |
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8.5.4 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
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211 | (1) |
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8.5.5 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
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212 | (1) |
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8.6 Extradition Proceedings and Domestic Fair Trial Safeguards |
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213 | (1) |
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8.7 Applicability of Domestic Exclusionary Rules of Evidence |
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214 | (2) |
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8.8 Review by Domestic Authorities |
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216 | (2) |
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8.9 Extradition and Abduction |
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218 | (7) |
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8.9.1 The male captus, bene detentus rule |
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218 | (1) |
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8.9.2 Approach taken by courts in the US |
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219 | (2) |
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8.9.3 Approach taken by the European Court of Human Rights |
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221 | (1) |
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8.9.4 The doctrine of abuse of process |
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222 | (1) |
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8.9.5 Collusion by law enforcement agencies |
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223 | (1) |
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8.9.6 Seriousness of the crime |
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224 | (1) |
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8.10 Extradition and the Case of Senator Pinochet |
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225 | (6) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (4) |
CHAPTER 9 MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE |
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231 | (34) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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9.2.1 UN Model Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance |
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233 | (1) |
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9.3 1959 European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (5) |
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235 | (1) |
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9.4.2 1990 Schengen Implementing Convention |
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236 | (1) |
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9.4.3 2000 EU Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters |
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237 | (3) |
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9.5 Mutual Legal Assistance Initiatives in the UK |
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240 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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9.5.2 Crime (International Co-operation) Bill |
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242 | (1) |
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9.6 The Use of Evidence Obtained Abroad |
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242 | (12) |
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242 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Evidence obtained outside the UK |
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243 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Evidence obtained in breach of foreign law |
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243 | (3) |
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9.6.4 Evidence obtained in compliance with foreign law but which is irregular under local law |
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246 | (8) |
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9.7 Evidence Obtained in Breach of International Human Rights Standards |
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254 | (2) |
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9.8 Failure to Use Mutual Legal Assistance Provisions |
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256 | |
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9.9 MLATs and Individual Rights |
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9.10 Informal Methods of Mutual Assistance |
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16 | (249) |
CHAPTER 10 INTERNATIONAL POLICE CO-OPERATION |
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265 | (22) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (5) |
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10.2.1 Organisation of Interpol |
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266 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Interpol operational activities |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (17) |
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10.3.1 The European Court of Justice |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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10.3.3 The Schengen Acquis |
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277 | (2) |
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10.3.4 The Schengen Information System |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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10.3.6 The European Public Prosecutor |
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281 | (1) |
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10.3.7 The European arrest warrant |
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282 | (1) |
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10.3.8 The European Judicial Network |
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283 | (1) |
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10.3.9 The European Police College |
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283 | (1) |
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10.3.10 1959 European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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10.3.12 Common procedural safeguards |
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285 | (2) |
CHAPTER 11 EVIDENCE BEFORE THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS |
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287 | (38) |
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287 | (2) |
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11.2 The Legal Framework of Evidence |
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289 | (9) |
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11.2.1 The Rules of Evidence of the ad hoc tribunals |
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290 | (5) |
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11.2.2 Analysis of the Rules of Evidence of the ad hoc tribunals |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (4) |
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11.3.1 Relevant definitions |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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11.7 Investigator's Report |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (6) |
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11.9 Exclusion of Improperly Obtained Evidence |
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11.10 Determination of Weight of Evidence |
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315 | (10) |
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11.10.1 General principles |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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11.10.3 Documentary evidence |
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316 | (1) |
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11.10.4 Weight of hearsay evidence |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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11.10.8 Language problems |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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11.10.11 Standard on appeal |
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322 | (3) |
CHAPTER 12 NUREMBERG, TOKYO AND THE BIRTH OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW |
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325 | (14) |
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325 | (1) |
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12.2 Efforts to Try International Crimes Prior to the Second World War |
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325 | (1) |
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12.3 The Background to the Establishment of the IMT |
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326 | (8) |
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12.3.1 The law and jurisdiction of the IMT at Nuremberg |
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327 | (6) |
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12.3.2 The legal basis and criticism of the IMT |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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12.5 The ILC's Role in the Post-Nuremberg Era |
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335 | (4) |
CHAPTER 13 THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS FOR YUGOSLAVIA AND RWANDA |
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339 | (36) |
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339 | (3) |
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13.2 Formative Years of the Ad Hoc Tribunals |
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342 | (4) |
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13.3 Jurisdiction of the ICTY and ICTR |
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346 | (18) |
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13.3.1 Grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions |
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348 | (3) |
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13.3.2 Violations of the laws or customs of war in internal conflicts |
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351 | (7) |
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13.3.3 Crimes against humanity 353 13.3.4 Genocide |
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358 | (6) |
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13.4 Rape and Sexual Violence as International Offences |
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364 | (4) |
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13.5 The Doctrine of Superior Responsibility |
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368 | (1) |
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13.6 Enforcement Capacity of the Tribunals |
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369 | (3) |
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13.7 Rights of the Accused |
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372 | (3) |
CHAPTER 14 THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT |
|
375 | (22) |
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375 | (2) |
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14.2 Jurisdiction and Admissibility |
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377 | (4) |
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14.3 Subject Matter Jurisdiction |
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381 | (9) |
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14.3.1 The crime of aggression |
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381 | (3) |
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384 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Crimes against humanity |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (4) |
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14.4 General Principles of Criminal Law |
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390 | (2) |
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14.5 International Co-operation and Judicial Assistance |
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392 | (1) |
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14.6 Reservations and Amendments to the Statute |
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393 | (2) |
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14.7 Reparation of Victims |
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395 | (2) |
CHAPTER 15 INTERNATIONALISED DOMESTIC CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS |
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397 | (18) |
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397 | (1) |
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15.2 The Sierra Leone Special Court |
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397 | (4) |
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15.3 The East Timor Special Panels |
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401 | (3) |
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15.4 UNMIK and the Kosovar Judicial System |
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404 | (2) |
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15.5 The Cambodian Extraordinary Chambers |
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406 | (5) |
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15.6 The Lockerbie Trial 408 |
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15.7 National Truth Commissions and Amnesties |
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411 | (4) |
Index |
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415 | |