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E-grāmata: International Domain Name Law: ICANN and the UDRP [Hart e-books]

  • Formāts: 512 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781847313966
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International Domain Name Law: ICANN and the UDRPPalielināt
  • Formāts: 512 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781847313966
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley OnlineMore info about Hart e-books
The Domain Name System (DNS), which matches computer addresses to human-friendly domain names, has given rise to many legal issues. Two important issues are the institutional arrangements for governing the DNS and the use of trade marks as domain names. This book is the first complete statement of this rapidly-evolving area of the law. In particular, the book includes a comprehensive statement of decisions under the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), the international system for resolving disputes between trade mark owners and domain name registrants. In this path-breaking work the author examines the extent to which principles of national trade mark law have been used in UDRP decisions. It will be essential reading for anyone, whether academic or practitioner, interested in internet law, intellectual property, and e-commerce law.
Preface v
Acknowledgements ix
List of Abbreviations
xxi
Table of Cases and Domain Name Decisions
xxiii
Table of Legislation, Agreements and Policies
lvii
The Domain Name System
1(26)
The Internet
1(2)
The Internet
1(1)
TCP/IP
2(1)
Internet Standards
3(1)
Internet Addressing and the DNS
3(6)
Internet Naming and Addressing
3(1)
IP Addresses
4(2)
IPv6
6(1)
The Domain Name System (DNS)
6(2)
The Domain Name Space
8(1)
Top-level Domains (TLDs)
9(9)
Top-level Domains (TLDs)
9(1)
Original Generic Top-level Domains (gTLDs)
9(1)
Country Code Top-level Domains (ccTLDs)
10(1)
Commercialisation of the Internet
11(1)
New Generic Top-level Domains (gTLDs)
12(2)
New Sponsored TLDs (sTLDs)
14(3)
Policy on Introducing New gTLDs
17(1)
Operation of DNS
18(9)
Name Servers
18(2)
Root Name Servers and the Root Zone File
20(2)
Name Resolvers
22(1)
Resource Records
22(2)
Mapping Addresses to Domain Names
24(1)
The WHOIS Directory Service
24(2)
BIND
26(1)
DNS Governance and Icann
27(68)
Internet and DNS Governance
27(5)
Governance
27(1)
Internet Governance and the WSIS
28(2)
The Problem of DNS Governance
30(2)
History of DNS Governance
32(8)
Early History
32(1)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
33(2)
Privatisation of the Root
35(1)
The Crisis in Governance
36(1)
The International Ad Hoc Committee
37(3)
Origins of ICANN
40(8)
The NTIA Green Paper
40(2)
The NTIA White Paper
42(4)
Formation of ICANN
46(2)
Contractual Basis of DNS Governance
48(16)
The 1999 Agreements
48(5)
The ICANN/DOC MOU
53(1)
Department of Commerce Supervision
54(3)
US Government Principles and the EU
57(2)
2006 NTIA Consultation
59(1)
The September 2006 Agreement
59(2)
IANA Function Contract
61(1)
VeriSign Agreement
62(2)
ICANN
64(3)
ICANN's Structural Reform Process
64(1)
ICANN's Constitution
64(1)
ICANN's Mission
65(1)
ICANN's Core Values
66(1)
ICANN's Structure
67(11)
ICANN's Structure
67(1)
Board of Directors
67(2)
Supporting Organisations
69(4)
Advisory Committees
73(4)
External Advisory Mechanisms
77(1)
ICANN's Processes
78(4)
ICANN's Processes
78(1)
Policy-development Processes
79(1)
Transparency
79(1)
Accountability and Review
79(3)
Registry and Registrar Agreements
82(7)
gTLD Registry Agreements
82(1)
.com Registry Agreement
83(4)
Registrar Accreditation Agreement
87(2)
ccTLD Governance
89(3)
ICANN and ccTLD Governance
89(3)
The WSIS
92(3)
The WSIS and the IGF
92(3)
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution
95(34)
Domain Name Disputes
95(4)
`Cybersquatting'
95(4)
NSI Dispute Resolution Policy
99(1)
History of the UDRP
99(10)
Origins of the UDRP
99(2)
The WIPO First Process Report
101(2)
ICANN's Adoption of WIPO Recommendations
103(3)
WIPO and ICANN's UDRP: Differences
106(3)
The UDRP
109(8)
Abusive, Bad Faith Registration
109(4)
The Affirmative Defences
113(2)
Implementation of the UDRP
115(1)
Dispute-resolution Service Providers
116(1)
WIPO Second Process Report
117(3)
The WIPO Second Process Report
117(2)
Response to the Report
119(1)
Other Dispute-resolution Systems
120(2)
Other ICANN Dispute Resolution Systems
120(2)
Limited Remedies
122(1)
Limited Remedies under the UDRP
122(1)
Fundamental Tensions and WIPO Overview
123(6)
UDRP Fundamental Tensions
123(4)
WIPO Overview of UDRP Decisions
127(2)
Udrp Procedures
129(42)
The UDRP Rules
129(1)
The UDRP Rules
129(1)
Precedent and the UDRP
130(3)
Precedential Value of Panel Decisions
130(3)
UDRP Procedures
133(9)
The Complainant
133(2)
The Complaint
135(2)
Serving the Respondent
137(1)
The Respondent
137(1)
The Response
138(2)
Late Responses
140(1)
The Panel and Panel Decisions
141(1)
Choice of Law and Language
142(6)
Choice of Law
142(4)
Proper Language of the Proceedings
146(2)
Supplemental Submissions and Refiling
148(6)
Supplemental Submissions
148(4)
Refiled Complaints
152(2)
Burden of Proof
154(1)
Burden of Proof
154(1)
Other Procedural Issues
155(6)
Independent Research by UDRP Panels
155(2)
Default Rules
157(4)
Reverse Domain Name Hijacking
161(6)
Reverse Domain Name Hijacking
161(6)
Equitable Defences
167(4)
Equitable Doctrines and Defences
167(4)
Identical or Confusingly Similar Domain Names
171(106)
Overview
171(1)
Overview
171(1)
Trade Marks
171(6)
Trade Mark
171(2)
Early History of Trade Mark Law
173(1)
Legislative Definitions of Trade Mark'
174(2)
`Trade Mark' in the Union Label Case
176(1)
Service Mark
176(1)
`Unregistered' Trade Marks
177(4)
Common Law Trade Marks and Passing Off
177(2)
The US Unfair Competition Tort
179(1)
Unregistered Marks in Civil Law
180(1)
Registered Trade Marks
181(9)
Registered Trade Marks under the UDRP
181(1)
Collective and Certification Marks
182(1)
Location of Jurisdiction of Registration
183(1)
Registration where Full Rights not Granted
184(2)
Applications for Registration
186(2)
Time at which Rights Arise under the UDRP
188(2)
Unregistered Marks
190(20)
Unregistered Marks under the UDRP
190(2)
Unregistered Marks: Civil Law Jurisdictions
192(1)
Common Law Rights under US Law
193(1)
Inherently Distinctive Marks
193(3)
Descriptive Marks
196(3)
Generic Terms
199(2)
Composite Marks
201(1)
`Common Law Rights' under English Law
202(2)
Requirements for Common Law Rights under English Law: Distinctiveness and Secondary Meaning
204(2)
The Action for Passing Off and the UDRP: Some Problems in Practice
206(3)
The Action for Passing Off and the UDRP: Some Examples
209(1)
Personal Names
210(13)
Personal Names
210(2)
Rights in Personal Names that Are Registered as Trade Marks
212(1)
Rights in Personal Names that Are not Registered as Trade Marks: US Trade Mark Law
212(4)
Rights in Personal Names that Are not Registered as Trade Marks: the English Action for Passing Off
216(5)
Status of Unregistered Personal Names: Summary and Examples
221(2)
Geographical Terms
223(10)
Geographical Terms
223(2)
Rights in Geographical Terms that are Included in Registered Trade Marks
225(4)
Unregistered Rights in Geographical Terms
229(2)
Rights of Legal Authorities for Geographical Areas
231(2)
Non-exclusive Rights
233(6)
Licensees and Other Non-exclusive Rights
233(6)
Comparing Domain Names and Marks
239(10)
Comparing Marks under National Laws
239(2)
The Requirement of Use as a Trade Mark
241(3)
Comparing Marks under the UDRP
244(2)
Literal Comparison or Source Confusion
246(3)
`Identical or Confusingly Similar'
249(10)
Web Site Content Irrelevant in Confusion
249(2)
Elements to be Ignored in Comparison
251(1)
Graphical or Design Elements
251(1)
Identicality
252(1)
`Essential or Virtual Identity is Sufficient'
253(2)
Addition of Terms does not Dispel Confusion
255(3)
Addition of Generic `Internet' Terms
258(1)
Typosquatting
259(3)
`Typosquatting'
259(3)
Gripe Sites
262(15)
Gripe Sites and Confusion
262(1)
Treatment of Gripe Sites under US Law
262(1)
Panel Views on `Sucks'-type Domain Names
263(2)
Justifications for the Majority View
265(3)
Justifications for the Minority View
268(2)
`Sucks'-type Domain Names: no Universal Rule
270(3)
Conclusions on `Sucks'-type Domain Names
273(4)
Rights or Interests in the Disputed Domain Name
277(84)
Overview and Policy
277(2)
Overview
277(1)
Policy Considerations
277(2)
Affirmative Defences
279(2)
Affirmative Defences in Paragraph 4(c)
279(2)
Burden of Proof
281(10)
Burden of Proof
281(1)
What Amounts to a Prima Facie Case?
282(6)
The Respondent's Burden of Proof
288(3)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services
291(26)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services
291(1)
What is Meant by `Notice' of the Dispute?
292(2)
`Use' of the Domain Nane
294(3)
`Demonstrable Preparations' to Use a Domain Name and the Status of Business Plans
297(3)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: General Principles
300(1)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: Trading Off the Reputation of the Trade Mark Owner to Attract or Divert Internet Users
301(4)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: Depriving the Complainant of the Opportunity to Reflect its Mark in a Domain Name
305(1)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: Can a Respondent that Resells a Complainant's Goods or Services Have a Right or Legitimate Interest in the Disputed Domain Name?
306(7)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: Can a Reseller that is Not in a Contractual Relationship with the Complainant have Rights or Interests in the Disputed Domain Name?
313(2)
Bona Fide Offering of Goods or Services: Can a Reseller have Rights or Interests in the Dusputed Domain Name Where a Contractual Relationship with the Complainant has been Terminated?
315(2)
`Commonly Known by' Domain Name
317(4)
Holder `Commonly Known by' Domain Name
317(1)
Domain Holder has been Commonly Known by the Domain Name: the Time at which the Respondent must be `Commonly Known'
317(1)
Domain Holder has been Commonly Known by the Domain Name: When is the Respondent `Commonly Known' by the Name?
318(1)
Domain Holder has been Commonly Known by the Domain Name: Can the Respondent be `Commonly Known' by a Nickname?
319(2)
Non-commercial or Fair Use
321(31)
Legitimate Non-commercial or Fair Use
321(2)
US `Classic Fair Use' Doctrine
323(2)
US `Nominative Fair Use' Doctrine
325(2)
Freedom of Expression and the Treatment of Parody under US Trade Mark Law
327(2)
Tarnishment
329(2)
Legitimate Non-commercial or Fair Use `Without Intent for Commercial Gain': the Position of Commercial Sites and `Sham Speech' Domain Names
331(2)
Legitimate Non-commercial or Fair Use: Intent to `Tarnish' the Complainant's Mark
333(2)
Legitimate Non-commercial or Fair Use: Overview of the Treatment of Criticism Sites
335(1)
First View: `Domain Name Itself is Misleading'
336(4)
Second View: `Complaints Site' Approach
340(2)
Third View: the `Totality of Circumstances' Approach
342(3)
Criticism Sites: Discussion
345(2)
Legitimate Non-commercial or Fair Use: `Fan' Sites
347(5)
Generic Terms
352(9)
Rights or Interests in Generic Terms
352(2)
Registering a Generic Domain Name in Good Faith
354(7)
BAD Faith Registration and USE
361(84)
Overview and Policy
361(2)
Overview
361(1)
Policy Considerations
362(1)
Registration and Use in Bad Faith
363(4)
The Four Non-exclusive Circumstances
363(2)
`Totality of Circumstances' Approach
365(1)
Reconciling Paragraphs 4(a)(iii) and 4(b)
366(1)
Bad Faith Use
367(4)
Registered and Used in Bad Faith
367(1)
Point in Time of Use in Bad Faith
368(1)
Good Faith Registration and Bad Faith Use
369(2)
Bad Faith Registration
371(5)
Is Renewal Registration?
371(1)
The Nuclear Marshmallows `Inaction Doctrine'
372(4)
Inferring Bad Faith Registration from Use
376(1)
Notice of Complainant's Mark
376(16)
Actual and Imputed Notice
376(7)
Constructive Notice
383(4)
Registration of Domain Name before Trade Mark
387(5)
Disclaimer
392(4)
Relevance of Disclaimer on Respondent's Web Site
392(4)
`Opportunistic' Bad Faith
396(2)
`Opportunistic' Bad Faith
396(2)
Registration for Purpose of Sale
398(12)
Registration for Purpose of Sale
398(1)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): What Amounts to `Circumstances Indicating' that the Domain Name has been Registered for the Purpose of Selling It to the Complainant or a Competitor?
399(1)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): Can an Offer to Sell a Domain Name in Settlement Negotiations Amount to Bad Faith?
399(3)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): `Primarily' for the Purpose of Selling the Domain Name
402(1)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): For the Purpose of `Selling, Renting or Otherwise Transferring' for' Valuable Consideration in Excess of Documented Out-of-pockets Costs'
403(2)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): General Offers to Sell or Domain Name Auctions
405(2)
Paragraph 4(b)(i): Good Faith Offers to Sell the Disputed Domain Name
407(3)
Registration to Prevent Use of Mark
410(9)
Registration to Prevent Use of Mark as Domain Name
410(4)
Paragraph 4(b)(ii): `Pattern of Conduct' Arising from Multiple UDRP Disputes Involving Multiple Complainants
414(2)
Paragraph 4(b)(ii): `Pattern of Conduct' Arising from Multiple Registrations of Domain Names Reflecting the Complainant's Mark or Marks
416(2)
Paragraph 4(b)(ii): Circumstances in which Multiple Registrations do not Amount to a `Pattern of Conduct'
418(1)
Disrupting Competitor's Business
419(14)
Registration to Disrupt Competitor's Business
419(3)
Paragraph 4(b)(iii): `Disruption' of the Business of a Competitor
422(4)
Paragraph 4(b)(iii); When is the Respondent a `Competitor' of the Complainant?
426(7)
Commercial Gain from Confusing Use
433(12)
Commercial Gain from Confusing Use
433(1)
Paragraph 4(b)(iv): `Intentionally' Attempting to Attract Internet Users to the Domain Name Holder's Web Site or Other Online Location
434(3)
Paragraph 4(b)(iv): Diverting Internet Users for `Commercial Gain'
437(1)
Paragraph 4(b)(iv): `Diverting' Internet Users by Creating a `Likelihood of Confusion'
438(7)
Appendix 1---ICANN's Structure 445(2)
Appendix 2---UDRP 447(6)
Appendix 3---UDRP Rules 453(10)
Appendix 4---GNSO Final Report: Principles, Recommendations and Implementation Guidelines for Introduction of New gILDs 463(8)
Bibliography 471(4)
Index 475


David Lindsay, a Senior Lecturer at Monash Law School, is a widely published expert on internet law, intellectual property law and privacy.
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781847313966_pe.html
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