Preface |
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xvii | |
About the Author |
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xxiii | |
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PART 1 The International Financial Environment |
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1 | (184) |
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1 Multinational Financial Management: An Overview |
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3 | (28) |
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4 | (4) |
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1-1a How Business Disciplines Are Used to Manage the MNC |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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1-1c Management Structure of an MNC |
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6 | (2) |
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1-2 Why MNCs Pursue International Business |
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8 | (2) |
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1-2a Theory of Comparative Advantage |
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8 | (1) |
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1-2b Imperfect Markets Theory |
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8 | (1) |
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1-2c Product Cycle Theory |
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9 | (1) |
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1-3 Methods to Conduct International Business |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1-3e Acquisitions of Existing Operations |
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11 | (1) |
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1-3f Establishment of New Foreign Subsidiaries |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1-4 Valuation Model for an MNC |
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13 | (7) |
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1-4a Domestic Valuation Model |
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13 | (1) |
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1-4b Multinational Valuation Model |
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14 | (3) |
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1-4c Uncertainty Surrounding an MNCs Cash Flows |
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17 | (3) |
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1-4d How Uncertainty Affects the MNCs Cost of Capital |
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20 | (1) |
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1-5 Organization of the Text |
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20 | (11) |
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2 International Flow Of Funds |
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31 | (30) |
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31 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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2-2 Growth in International Trade |
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34 | (5) |
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2-2a Events That Increased Trade Volume |
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34 | (2) |
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2-2b Impact of Outsourcing on Trade |
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36 | (1) |
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2-2c Trade Volume among Countries |
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37 | (1) |
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2-2d Trend in U.S. Balance of Trade |
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37 | (2) |
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2-3 Factors Affecting International Trade Flows |
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39 | (10) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (5) |
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46 | (3) |
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2-4 International Capital Flows |
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49 | (2) |
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2-4a Factors Affecting Direct Foreign Investment |
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49 | (1) |
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2-4h Factors Affecting International Portfolio Investment |
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50 | (1) |
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2-4c Impact of International Capital Flows |
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50 | (1) |
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2-5 Agencies that Facilitate International Flows |
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51 | (10) |
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2-5a International Monetary Fund |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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2-5c World Trade Organization |
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53 | (1) |
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2-5d International Finance Corporation |
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54 | (1) |
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2-5e International Development Association |
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54 | (1) |
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2-5f Bank for International Settlements |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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2-5h Regional Development Agencies |
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54 | (7) |
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3 International Financial Markets |
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61 | (40) |
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3-1 Foreign Exchange Market |
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61 | (12) |
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3-1a History of Foreign Exchange |
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62 | (1) |
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3-1b Foreign Exchange Transactions |
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63 | (5) |
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3-1c Foreign Exchange Quotations |
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68 | (4) |
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3.1d Derivative Contracts in the Foreign Exchange Market |
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72 | (1) |
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3-2 International Money Market |
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73 | (3) |
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3-2a Dollar-Denominated Bank Accounts in Europe and Asia |
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74 | (1) |
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3-2b Money Market Interest Rates among Currencies |
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74 | (1) |
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3-2c Risk of International Money Market Securities |
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75 | (1) |
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3-3 International Credit Market |
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76 | (1) |
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3-3a Syndicated Loans in the Credit Market |
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76 | (1) |
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3-4 International Bond Market |
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76 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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3-4b Development of Other Bond Markets |
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78 | (1) |
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3-4c Risk of International Bonds |
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78 | (1) |
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3-5 International Stock Markets |
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79 | (3) |
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3-5a Issuance of Stock in Foreign Markets |
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79 | (1) |
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3-5b Issuance of Foreign Stock in the United States |
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79 | (2) |
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3-5c How Governance Varies among Stock Markets |
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81 | (1) |
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3-5d Integration of International Stock Markets and Credit Markets |
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82 | (1) |
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3-6 International Financial Market Crises |
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82 | (3) |
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83 | (2) |
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3-7 How Financial Markets Serve MNCs |
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85 | (8) |
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Appendix 3 Investing in International Financial Markets |
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93 | (8) |
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4 Exchange Rate Determination |
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101 | (30) |
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4-1 Measuring Exchange Rate Movements |
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101 | (1) |
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4-2 Exchange Rate Equilibrium |
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102 | (6) |
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4-2a Demand for a Currency |
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103 | (1) |
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4-2b Supply of a Currency for Sale |
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104 | (1) |
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4-2c Equilibrium Exchange Rate |
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105 | (1) |
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4-2d Change in the Equilibrium Exchange Rate |
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106 | (2) |
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4-3 Factors That Influence Exchange Rates |
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108 | (8) |
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4-3a Relative Inflation Rates |
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108 | (2) |
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4-3b Relative Interest Rates |
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110 | (1) |
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4-3c Relative Income Levels |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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4-3f Interaction of Factors |
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113 | (2) |
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4-3g Influence of Factors across Multiple Currency Markets |
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115 | (1) |
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4-3h Impact of Liquidity on Exchange Rate Adjustments |
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115 | (1) |
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4-4 Movements in Cross Exchange Rates |
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116 | (2) |
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4-5 Capitalizing on Expected Exchange Rate Movements |
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118 | (13) |
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4-5a Institutional Speculation Based on Expected Appreciation |
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118 | (1) |
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4-5b Institutional Speculation Based on Expected Depreciation |
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119 | (1) |
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4-5c Speculation by Individuals |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (11) |
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131 | (54) |
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131 | (5) |
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5-1a How MNCs Use Forward Contracts |
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131 | (1) |
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5-1b Bank Quotations on Forward Rates |
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132 | (1) |
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5-1c Premium or Discount on the Forward Rate |
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133 | (1) |
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5-1d Movements in the Forward Rate over Time |
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134 | (1) |
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5-1e Offsetting a Forward Contract |
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134 | (1) |
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5-1f Using Forward Contracts for Swap Transactions |
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135 | (1) |
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5-1g Non-deliverable Forward Contracts |
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135 | (1) |
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5-2 Currency Futures Market |
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136 | (6) |
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5-2a Contract Specifications |
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136 | (1) |
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5-2b Trading Currency Futures |
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137 | (1) |
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5-2c Credit Risk of Currency Futures Contracts |
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138 | (1) |
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5-2d Comparing Currency Futures and Forward Contracts |
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138 | (1) |
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5-2e How MNCs Use Currency Futures |
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139 | (1) |
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5-2f Speculation with Currency Futures |
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140 | (2) |
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5-3 Currency Options Market |
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142 | (1) |
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5-3a Currency Options Exchanges |
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142 | (1) |
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5-3b Over-the-Counter Currency Options Market |
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142 | (1) |
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5-4 Currency Call Options |
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142 | (6) |
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5-4a Factors Affecting Currency Call Option Premiums |
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143 | (1) |
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5-4b How MNCs Use Currency Call Options |
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144 | (1) |
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5-4c Speculating with Currency Call Options |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (4) |
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5-5a Factors Affecting Currency Put Option Premiums |
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149 | (1) |
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5-5b How MNCs Use Currency Put Options |
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149 | (1) |
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5-5c Speculating with Currency Put Options |
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150 | (2) |
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5-6 Other Forms of Currency Options |
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152 | (13) |
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5-6a Conditional Currency Options |
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152 | (2) |
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5-6b European Currency Options |
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154 | (11) |
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Appendix 5A Currency Option Pricing |
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165 | (4) |
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Appendix 5B Currency Option Combinations |
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169 | (14) |
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Part 1 Integrative Problem: The International Financial Environment |
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183 | (2) |
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PART 2 Exchange Rate Behavior |
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185 | (112) |
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6 Government Influence On Exchange Rates |
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187 | (40) |
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6-1 Exchange Rate Systems |
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187 | (10) |
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6-1a Fixed Exchange Rate System |
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187 | (2) |
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6-1b Freely Floating Exchange Rate System |
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189 | (1) |
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6-1c Managed Float Exchange Rate System |
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190 | (1) |
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6-1d Pegged Exchange Rate System |
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191 | (6) |
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197 | (1) |
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6-1f Black Markets for Currencies |
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197 | (1) |
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6-2 A Single European Currency |
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197 | (5) |
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6-2a Monetary Policy in the Eurozone |
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198 | (1) |
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6-2b Impact on Firms in the Eurozone |
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198 | (1) |
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6-2c Impact on Financial Flows in the Eurozone |
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199 | (1) |
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6-2d Impact of a Eurozone Country Crisis on Other Eurozone Countries |
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199 | (2) |
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6-2e Impact of a Country Abandoning the Euro |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (6) |
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6-3a Reasons for Direct Intervention |
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202 | (1) |
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6-3b The Direct Intervention Process |
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203 | (2) |
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6-3c Direct Intervention as a Policy Tool |
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205 | (1) |
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6-3d Speculating on Direct Intervention |
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206 | (2) |
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6-4 Indirect Intervention |
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208 | (9) |
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6-4a Government Control of Interest Rates |
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208 | (1) |
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6-4b Government Use of Foreign Exchange Controls |
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209 | (8) |
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Appendix 6 Government Intervention during the Asian Crisis |
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217 | (10) |
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7 International Arbitrage And Interest Rate Parity |
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227 | (32) |
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227 | (2) |
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7-1a Gains from Locational Arbitrage |
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228 | (1) |
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7-1b Realignment Due to Locational Arbitrage |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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7-2a Gains from Triangular Arbitrage |
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230 | (2) |
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7-2b Realignment Due to Triangular Arbitrage |
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232 | (1) |
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7-3 Covered Interest Arbitrage |
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233 | (5) |
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7-3a Covered Interest Arbitrage Process |
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233 | (1) |
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7-3b Realignment Due to Covered Interest Arbitrage |
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234 | (2) |
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7-3c Arbitrage Example When Accounting for Spreads |
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236 | (1) |
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7-3d Covered Interest Arbitrage by Non-US. Investors |
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236 | (1) |
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7-3e Comparing Different Types of Arbitrage |
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237 | (1) |
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7-4 Interest Rate Parity (IRP) |
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238 | (7) |
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7-4a Derivation of Interest Rate Parity |
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238 | (1) |
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7-4b Determining the Forward Premium |
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239 | (2) |
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7-4c Graphic Analysis of Interest Rate Parity |
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241 | (3) |
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7-4d Does Interest Rate Parity Hold? |
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244 | (1) |
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7-4e Considerations When Assessing Interest Rate Parity |
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244 | (1) |
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7-5 Variation in Forward Premiums |
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245 | (14) |
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7-5a Forward Premiums across Maturities |
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245 | (1) |
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7-5b Changes in Forward Premiums over Time |
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246 | (13) |
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8 Relationships Among Inflation, Interest Rates, And Exchange Rates |
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259 | (38) |
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8-1 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) |
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259 | (9) |
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8-1a Interpretations of Purchasing Power Parity |
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259 | (2) |
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8-1b Derivation of Purchasing Power Parity |
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261 | (1) |
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8-1c Using PPP to Estimate Exchange Rate Effects |
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262 | (1) |
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8-1d Graphic Analysis of Purchasing Power Parity |
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263 | (3) |
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8-1e Testing the Purchasing Power Parity Theory |
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266 | (1) |
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8-1f Why Deviations from PPP Exist |
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267 | (1) |
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8-2 International Fisher Effect |
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268 | (20) |
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8-2a Deriving a Country's Expected Inflation Rate |
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268 | (2) |
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8-2b Estimating the Expected Exchange Rate Movement |
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270 | (1) |
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8-2c Implications of the International Fisher Effect |
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270 | (2) |
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8-2d Derivation of the International Fisher Effect |
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272 | (3) |
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8-2e Graphic Analysis of the International Fisher Effect |
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275 | (1) |
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8-2f Testing the International Fisher Effect |
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276 | (1) |
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8-2g Limitations of IFE Theory |
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277 | (1) |
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8-2h Comparison of IRP, PPP, and IFE Theories |
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277 | (11) |
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Part 2 Problem: Exchange Rate Behavior |
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288 | (9) |
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289 | (8) |
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PART 3 Exchange Rate Risk Management |
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297 | (116) |
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9 Forecasting Exchange Rates |
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299 | (26) |
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9-1 Why Firms Forecast Exchange Rates |
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299 | (2) |
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9-2 Forecasting Techniques |
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301 | (8) |
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9-2a Technical Forecasting |
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301 | (1) |
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9-2b Fundamental Forecasting |
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301 | (4) |
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9-2c Market-Based Forecasting |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (2) |
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9-3 Assessment of Forecast Performance |
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309 | (4) |
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9-3a Measurement of Forecast Error |
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309 | (1) |
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9-3b Forecast Errors among Time Horizons |
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309 | (1) |
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9-3c Forecast Errors among Currencies |
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310 | (1) |
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9-3d Comparing Forecast Errors among Forecast Techniques |
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310 | (1) |
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9-3e Graphic Evaluation of Forecast Bias |
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311 | (2) |
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9-3f Statistical Test of Forecast Bias |
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313 | (1) |
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9-3g Shifts in Forecast Bias over Time |
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313 | (1) |
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9-4 Accounting for Uncertainty Surrounding Forecasts |
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313 | (12) |
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9-4a Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Fundamental Forecasting |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (11) |
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10 Measuring Exposure To Exchange Rate Fluctuations |
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325 | (30) |
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10-1 Relevance of Exchange Rate Risk |
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325 | (1) |
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10-2 Transaction Exposure |
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326 | (8) |
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10-2a Estimating "Net" Cash Flows in Each Currency |
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328 | (1) |
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10-2b Transaction Exposure of an MNCs Portfolio |
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329 | (2) |
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10-2c Transaction Exposure Based on Value at Risk |
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331 | (3) |
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334 | (5) |
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10-3a Exposure to Foreign Currency Depreciation |
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335 | (1) |
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10-3b Exposure to Foreign Currency Appreciation |
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336 | (1) |
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10-3c Measuring Economic Exposure |
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336 | (3) |
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10-4 Translation Exposure |
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339 | (16) |
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10-4a Determinants of Translation Exposure |
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339 | (2) |
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10-4b Exposure of an MNCs Stock Price to Translation Effects |
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341 | (14) |
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11 Managing Transaction Exposure |
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355 | (38) |
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11-1 Policies for Hedging Transaction Exposure |
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355 | (1) |
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11-1a Hedging Most of the Exposure |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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11-2 Hedging Exposure to Payables |
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356 | (7) |
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11-2a Forward or Futures Hedge on Payables |
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356 | (1) |
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11-2b Money Market Hedge on Payables |
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357 | (1) |
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11-2c Call Option Hedge on Payables |
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358 | (2) |
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11-2d Comparison of Techniques for Hedging Payables |
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360 | (3) |
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11-2e Evaluating Past Decisions on Hedging Payables |
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363 | (1) |
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11-3 Hedging Exposure to Receivables |
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363 | (8) |
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11-3a Forward or Futures Hedge on Receivables |
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364 | (1) |
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11-3b Money Market Hedge on Receivables |
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364 | (1) |
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11-3c Put Option Hedge on Receivables |
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364 | (3) |
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11-3d Comparison of Techniques for Hedging Receivables |
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367 | (3) |
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11-3e Evaluating Past Decisions on Hedging Receivables |
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370 | (1) |
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11-3f Summary of Hedging Techniques |
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370 | (1) |
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11-4 Limitations of Hedging |
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371 | (2) |
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11-4a Limitation of Hedging an Uncertain Payment |
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371 | (1) |
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11-4b Limitation of Repeated Short-Term Hedging |
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371 | (2) |
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11-5 Alternative Methods to Reduce Exchange Rate Risk |
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373 | (15) |
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11-5a Leading and Lagging |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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11-5c Currency Diversification |
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374 | (14) |
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Appendix 11 Nontraditional Hedging Techniques |
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388 | (5) |
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12 Managing Economic Exposure And Translation Exposure |
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393 | (20) |
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12-1 Managing Economic Exposure |
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393 | (5) |
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12-1a Assessing Economic Exposure |
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393 | (1) |
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12-1b Restructuring to Reduce Economic Exposure |
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394 | (4) |
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12-1c Limitations of Restructuring Intended to Reduce Economic Exposure |
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398 | (1) |
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12-2 A Case Study on Hedging Economic Exposure |
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398 | (2) |
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12-2a Savor Co.'s Assessment of Economic Exposure |
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398 | (2) |
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12-2b Using a Financing Strategy to Hedge Economic Exposure |
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400 | (1) |
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12-3 Managing Exposure to Fixed Assets |
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400 | (1) |
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12-4 Managing Translation Exposure |
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401 | (10) |
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12-4a Hedging Translation Exposure with Forward Contracts |
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401 | (1) |
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12-4b Limitations of Hedging Translation Exposure |
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402 | (9) |
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Part 3 Integrative Problem: Exchange Risk Management |
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411 | (2) |
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PART 4 Long-Term Asset and Liability Management |
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413 | (162) |
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13 Direct Foreign Investment |
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415 | (20) |
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13-1 Motives for Direct Foreign Investment |
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415 | (3) |
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13-1a Revenue-Related Motives |
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415 | (1) |
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13-1b Cost-Related Motives |
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416 | (2) |
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13-1c Comparing Benefits of DFI among Countries |
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418 | (1) |
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13-2 Benefits of International Diversification |
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418 | (4) |
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13-2a Diversification Analysis of International Projects |
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420 | (2) |
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13-3 Host Government Impact on DFI |
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422 | (2) |
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13-3a Incentives to Encourage DFI |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (2) |
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13-4 Assessing the Feasibility of Potential DFI |
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424 | (11) |
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13-4a A Case Study of Assessing Potential DFI |
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424 | (2) |
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13-4b Evaluating DFI Opportunities That Pass the First Screen |
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426 | (9) |
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14 Multinational Capital Budgeting |
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435 | (40) |
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14-1 Subsidiary versus Parent Perspective |
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435 | (2) |
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435 | (1) |
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14-1b Restrictions on Remitted Earnings |
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436 | (1) |
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14-1c Exchange Rate Movements |
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436 | (1) |
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14-1d Summary of Factors That Distinguish the Parent Perspective |
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436 | (1) |
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14-2 Input for Multinational Capital Budgeting |
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437 | (2) |
|
14-3 Multinational Capital Budgeting Example |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
14-4 Other Factors to Consider |
|
|
442 | (10) |
|
14-4a Exchange Rate Fluctuations |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
14-4c Financing Arrangement |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
14-4e Uncertain Salvage Value |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
14-4f Impact of Project on Prevailing Cash Flows |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
14-4g Host Government Incentives |
|
|
451 | (1) |
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|
452 | (1) |
|
14-5 Adjusting Project Assessment for Risk |
|
|
452 | (16) |
|
14-5a Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
14-5b Sensitivity Analysis |
|
|
453 | (3) |
|
|
456 | (12) |
|
Appendix 14 Incorporating International Tax Law in Multinational Capital Budgeting |
|
|
468 | (7) |
|
15 International Corporate Governance And Control |
|
|
475 | (26) |
|
15-1 International Corporate Governance |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
15-1a Governance by Board Members |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
15-1b Governance by Institutional Investors |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
15-1c Governance by Shareholder Activists |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
15-2 International Corporate Control |
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|
477 | (3) |
|
15-2a Motives for International Acquisitions |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
15-2b International Acquisition Process |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
15-2c Barriers to International Corporate Control |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
15-2d Model for Valuing a Foreign Target |
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|
478 | (2) |
|
15-3 Factors Affecting Target Valuation |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
15-3a Target-Specific Factors |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
15-3b Country-Specific Factors |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
15-4 A Case Study of Valuing a Foreign Target |
|
|
482 | (4) |
|
15-4a International Screening Process |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
15-4b Estimating the Target's Value |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
15-4c Uncertainty Surrounding the Target's Valuation |
|
|
484 | (1) |
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15-4d Changes in Market Valuation of the Target over Time |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
15-5 Disparity in Foreign Target Valuations |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
15-5a Expected Cash Flows of the Foreign Target |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
15-5b Exchange Rate Effects on Remitted Earnings |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
15-5c Required Return of Acquirer |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
15-6 Other Corporate Control Decisions |
|
|
487 | (3) |
|
15-6a International Partial Acquisitions |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
15-6b International Acquisitions of Privatized Businesses |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
15-6c International Divestitures |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
15-7 Corporate Control Decisions as Real Options |
|
|
490 | (11) |
|
15-7a Call Option on Real Assets |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
15-7b Put Option on Real Assets |
|
|
491 | (10) |
|
|
501 | (24) |
|
16-1 Country Risk Characteristics |
|
|
501 | (4) |
|
16-1a Political Risk Characteristics |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
16-1b Financial Risk Characteristics |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
16-2 Measuring Country Risk |
|
|
505 | (5) |
|
16-2a Techniques for Assessing Country Risk |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
16-2b Deriving a Country Risk Rating |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
16-2c Comparing Risk Ratings among Countries |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
16-3 Incorporating Risk in Capital Budgeting |
|
|
510 | (4) |
|
16-3a Adjustment of the Discount Rate |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
16-3b Adjustment of the Estimated Cash Flows |
|
|
510 | (3) |
|
16-3c Analysis of Existing Projects |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
16-4 Preventing Host Government Takeovers |
|
|
514 | (11) |
|
16-4a Use a Short-Term Horizon |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
16-4b Rely on Unique Supplies or Technology |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
16-4f Use Project Finance |
|
|
515 | (10) |
|
17 Multinational Capital Structure And Cost Of Capital |
|
|
525 | (26) |
|
17-1 Components of Capital |
|
|
525 | (3) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
17-1c External Sources of Equity |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
17-2 The MNCs Capital Structure Decision |
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
17-2a Influence of Corporate Characteristics |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
17-2b Influence of Host Country Characteristics |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
17-2c Response to Changing Country Characteristics |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
17-3 Subsidiary versus Parent Capital Structure Decisions |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
17-3a Impact of Increased Subsidiary Debt Financing |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
17-3b Impact of Reduced Subsidiary Debt Financing |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
17-3c Limitations in Offsetting a Subsidiary's Leverage |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
17-4 Multinational Cost of Capital |
|
|
532 | (5) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
17-4b MNCs Cost of Equity |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
17-4c Estimating an MNCs Cost of Capital |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
17-4d Comparing Costs of Debt and Equity |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
17-4e Cost of Capital for MNCs versus Domestic Firms |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
17-4f Cost-of-Equity Comparison Using the CAPM |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
17-5 Cost of Capital Across Countries |
|
|
537 | (14) |
|
17-5a Country Differences in the Cost of Debt |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
17-5b Country Differences in the Cost of Equity |
|
|
540 | (11) |
|
18 Long-Term Debt Financing |
|
|
551 | (24) |
|
18-1 Debt Denomination Decisions of Foreign Subsidiaries |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
18-1a Foreign Subsidiary Borrows Its Local Currency |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
18-1b Foreign Subsidiary Borrows Dollars |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
18-2 Debt Denomination Analysis: A Case Study |
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
18-2a Analyzing Debt Denomination Alternatives |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
18-3 Strategies to Hedge Foreign Financing |
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
18-3a Using Currency Swaps |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
18-3b Using Parallel Loans |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
18-4 Debt Maturity Decision |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
18-4a Assessment of the Yield Curve |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
18-4b Financing Costs of Loans with Different Maturities |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
18-5 Fixed-Rate versus Floating-Rate Debt Decision |
|
|
561 | (12) |
|
18-5a Financing Costs of Fixed-Rate versus Floating-Rate Loans |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
18-5b Hedging Interest Payments with Interest Rate Swaps |
|
|
562 | (11) |
|
Part 4 Integrative Problem: Long-Term Asset and Liability Management |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
PART 5 Short-Term Asset and Liability Management |
|
|
575 | (68) |
|
19 Financing International Trade |
|
|
577 | (18) |
|
19-1 Payment Methods for International Trade |
|
|
577 | (4) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
19-1f Impact of the Credit Crisis on Payment Methods |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
19-2 Trade Finance Methods |
|
|
581 | (6) |
|
19-2a Accounts Receivable Financing |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
19-2d Banker's Acceptances |
|
|
583 | (3) |
|
19-2e Medium-Term Capital Goods Financing (Forfaiting) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
19-3 Agencies that Facilitate International Trade |
|
|
587 | (8) |
|
19-3a Export-Import Bank of the United States |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
19-3b Private Export Funding Corporation |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
19-3c Overseas Private Investment Corporation |
|
|
589 | (6) |
|
|
595 | (16) |
|
20-1 Sources of Foreign Financing |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
20-1a Internal Short-Term Financing |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
20-1b External Short-Term Financing |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
20-2 Financing with a Foreign Currency |
|
|
596 | (6) |
|
20-2a Motive for Financing with a Foreign Currency |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
20-2b Potential Cost Savings from Financing with a Foreign Currency |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
20-2c Risk of Financing with a Foreign Currency |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
20-2d Hedging the Foreign Currency Borrowed |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
20-2e Reliance on the Forward Rate for Forecasting |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
20-2f Use of Probability Distributions to Enhance the Financing Decision |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
20-3 Financing with a Portfolio of Currencies |
|
|
602 | (9) |
|
21 International Cash Management |
|
|
611 | (32) |
|
21-1 Multinational Working Capital Management |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
21-1a Subsidiary Expenses |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
21-1c Subsidiary Dividend Payments |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
21-1d Subsidiary Liquidity Management |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
21-2 Centralized Cash Management |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
21-2a Accommodating Cash Shortages |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
21-3 Optimizing Cash Flows |
|
|
614 | (3) |
|
21-3a Accelerating Cash Inflows |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
21-3b Minimizing Currency Conversion Costs |
|
|
614 | (2) |
|
21-3c Managing Blocked Funds |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
21-3d Managing Intersubsidiary Cash Transfers |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
21-4 Investing Excess Cash |
|
|
617 | (14) |
|
21-4a Benefits of Investing in a Foreign Currency |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
21-4b Risk of Investing in a Foreign Currency |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
21-4c Hedging the Investment in a Foreign Currency |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
21-4d Break-Even Point from Investing in a Foreign Currency |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
21-4e Using a Probability Distribution to Enhance the Investment Decision |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
21-4f Investing in a Portfolio of Currencies |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
|
624 | (7) |
|
Part 5 Integrative Problem: Short-Term Asset and Liability Management |
|
|
631 | (12) |
|
|
633 | (10) |
Appendix A Answers to Self-Test Questions |
|
643 | (13) |
Appendix B Supplemental Cases |
|
656 | (20) |
Appendix C Using Excel to Conduct Analysis |
|
676 | (8) |
Appendix D International Investing Project |
|
684 | (3) |
Appendix E Discussion in the Boardroom |
|
687 | (8) |
Appendix F Use of Bitcoin to Conduct International Transactions |
|
695 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
698 | (7) |
Index |
|
705 | |