Acknowledgements |
|
v | |
Preface |
|
vii | |
List of Abbreviations |
|
xxiii | |
List of Tables |
|
xxvii | |
List of Figures |
|
xxix | |
Table of Cases |
|
xxxi | |
Tables of Treaties |
|
xxxv | |
1 The History and Sources of the International Law of the Sea |
|
1 | (29) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
II Historical Development of the International Law of the Sea |
|
|
2 | (4) |
|
A The Grotian View of the Oceans |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
B The Freedom of the Sea and Territorial Sea Claims |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
III Work of the International Law Commission |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
IV The First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the Geneva Conventions |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
V The Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
VI The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea |
|
|
10 | (4) |
|
A Claims to New Maritime Zones in the 1960's |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
B The Regime of the Deep Seabed |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
C UNCLOS III Conference Dynamics |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
D The United States Position on Common Heritage and the Deep Seabed |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
VII The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
|
|
14 | (6) |
|
|
15 | (3) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
C 1994 Implementing Agreement |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
D 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
VIII Institutional Frameworks |
|
|
20 | (2) |
|
IX Sources of the International Law of the Sea |
|
|
22 | (3) |
|
A Customary International Law |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
B Treaties and Conventions |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
C Unilateral Declarations |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
D Subsidiary Sources of Law |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
X Challenges for the International Law of the Sea |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
B Marine Environmental Security |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
XI Review and Reform of the International Law of the Sea |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
2 Coastal Waters |
|
30 | (28) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
|
33 | (9) |
|
A The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
B International Law Commission |
|
|
34 | (2) |
|
i International Law Commission Draft Articles |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
D Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
E Post-UNCLOS I State Practice |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
IV Key Issues in the Delimitation of Coastal Waters |
|
|
42 | (10) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
47 | (3) |
|
F Contemporary State Practice |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
52 | (5) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
B Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (7) |
|
i Territorial Sovereign Rights and Internal Waters |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
iii Jurisdiction dyer Foreign Ships in Port |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
3 Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone |
|
58 | (24) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
II Territorial Sea in Customary International Law |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
III Codification of the Territorial Sea |
|
|
61 | (8) |
|
A The Views of the International Associations |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
B International Law Commission |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
D Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
IV UNCLOS III and the LOSC |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
V Contemporary Territorial Sea in State Practice |
|
|
71 | (6) |
|
A Breadth of the Territorial Sea |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
B Sovereignty and Jurisdiction |
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
C Innocent and Transit Passage |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (4) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
B UNCLOS I and the Geneva Convention |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
C UNCLOS III and the LOSC |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
4 The Exclusive Economic Zone |
|
82 | (16) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
II The Concept of the EEZ |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
III Breadth of the EEZ and its Relationship with Other Maritime Zones |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
IV Coastal State Rights and Obligations in the EEZ |
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
i Artificial Islands, Installations and Structures |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
ii Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
iii Marine Environmental Protection |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
V Rights and Duties of Other States in the EEZ |
|
|
92 | (4) |
|
A Navigation and Overflight |
|
|
93 | (3) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
B Submarine Cables and Pipelines |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
5 The Continental Shelf |
|
98 | (22) |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
II The Truman Proclamation |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
III UNCLOS I and the Geneva Convention |
|
|
102 | (5) |
|
A Work of the International Law Commission |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
B The Convention on the Continental Shelf |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
C North Sea Continental Shelf Cases |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (10) |
|
A Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf |
|
|
111 | (6) |
|
B Rights and Duties of Coastal and Other States |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
C Relationship with the EEZ Regime |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
6 The Deep Seabed |
|
120 | (25) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
II The Deep Seabed: Environment and Resources |
|
|
121 | (4) |
|
III Early Debates: Sedentary Fisheries and the Deep Seabed |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
IV The Moratorium Resolution and Principles Resolution |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
|
129 | (4) |
|
A Reciprocating States Regime |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
VI The LOSC and 1994 Agreement |
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
A The Main Revisions in the 1994 Agreement |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
VII The International Seabed Authority and the Seabed Mining System |
|
|
136 | (8) |
|
|
136 | (5) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
iii Recent Activities of the ISBA and the Mining Code |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
B Main Elements of the Deep Seabed Mining Regime |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
7 High Seas |
|
145 | (25) |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
A The High Seas as a Managed Common Area |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
II Historical Development of the High Seas |
|
|
147 | (4) |
|
A Pre-Grotian Freedoms of the High Seas |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
B Grotian Vision of the High Seas |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
C High Seas in Customary International Law |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
i Jurisdiction over Vessels on the High Seas |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
III Codification of the High Seas Regime |
|
|
151 | (3) |
|
A Pre-Geneva Codifications |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
IV The LOSC and the High Seas |
|
|
154 | (15) |
|
A Freedom of the High Seas |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
iii Freedom to Lay Submarine Cables and Pipelines |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
iv Freedom to Construct Artificial Islands and other Installations |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
vi Freedom of Scientific Research |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
ii Duties of the Flag State |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
v Assistance to Persons at Sea |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
iv Unauthorised Broadcasting |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
E Conservation and Management of Living Resources |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
F Relationship with Other Maritime Zones |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
8 Archipelagic States |
|
170 | (20) |
|
I Archipelagos and International Law |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (2) |
|
IV The Indonesian and Philippines Claims |
|
|
175 | (4) |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
VI The LOSC and Archipelagic States |
|
|
181 | (8) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
C The Legal Status of Archipelagic Waters |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
D Archipelagic State Practice |
|
|
186 | (7) |
|
i Proclaimed Archipelagic States |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
ii Archipelagic State Rights over Archipelagic Waters |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (1) |
9 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States |
|
190 | (15) |
|
|
190 | (3) |
|
II Landlocked States and Access to the Sea |
|
|
193 | (6) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
C Post-UNCLOS I Developments |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
196 | (3) |
|
III Landlocked States and Rights of Navigation |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
IV Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States and Marine Resources |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
A Living Resources of the EEZ |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
B Living Resources of the High Seas |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
C Mineral Resources of the Area |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
D Marine Scientific Research and Transfer of Marine Technology |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
204 | (1) |
10 Navigational Rights and Freedoms |
|
205 | (25) |
|
I Freedom of the Seas and Navigational Rights and Freedoms |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
II Customary International Law Prior to UNCLOS I |
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
III UNCLOS I and the Geneva Conventions |
|
|
210 | (3) |
|
A The Work of the International Law Commission |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
IV UNCLOS III and the LOSC |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
214 | (10) |
|
A Coastal State Rights in the Territorial Sea |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
B The Right of Innocent Passage |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
C Coastal State Rights and Duties Regarding Innocent Passage |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
iii Obligation not to Hamper Innocent Passage |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
iv Sea Lanes and Traffic Separation Schemes |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
D The Rights of Foreign Flagged Vessels |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
F Nuclear Vessels and Vessels Carrying Hazardous Substances |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
VII Exclusive Economic Zone |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
|
229 | (1) |
11 International Straits and Archipelagic Navigation |
|
230 | (28) |
|
I Recognising Rights of Navigation through Straits |
|
|
230 | (4) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
II UNCLOS III Deliberations and the LOSC |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
B The Archipelagic Regime |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
III International Straits |
|
|
236 | (12) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
B The Regime of Transit Passage |
|
|
239 | (5) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
ii Duties of Ships and Aircraft in Transit |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
iii Obligations of Strait States |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
iv Regulation of Transit Passage |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
v Enforcement of Strait State Laws and Regulations |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
C Navigation in Specific International Straits |
|
|
244 | (4) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
iii Straits of Malacca and Singapore |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
IV Archipelagic Navigation |
|
|
248 | (9) |
|
A Innocent Passage within Archipelagic Waters |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
B Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
i Navigation in the 'Normal Mode' |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
ii Navigation within Archipelagic Sea Lanes |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
iii Designation of Archipelagic Sea Lanes |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
iv Obligations while Undertaking Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
v Obligations of the Archipelagic State |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
C State Practice Designating Archipelagic Sea Lanes |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
12 Military Uses of the Oceans |
|
258 | (27) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
III International Law and Naval Operations |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
B United Nations-Sanctioned Naval Operations |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
IV Codification of the Law of the Sea |
|
|
263 | (4) |
|
A Work of the International Law Commission |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
B UNCLOS I and the Geneva Conventions |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
C UNCLOS III and the LOSC |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
V Navigational Rights and Freedoms |
|
|
267 | (9) |
|
A Innocent Passage by Warships |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
B Transit Passage by Warships |
|
|
271 | (3) |
|
C Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage by Warships |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
D EEZ Navigation by Warships |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
i Military Survey Activities |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
VI Naval Operations at Sea |
|
|
276 | (6) |
|
A United Nations Sanctioned Interdictions |
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
B Proliferation Security Initiative |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
C Weapons Testing and Military Manoeuvres |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
D Demilitarised and Nuclear Free Zones |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
VII Overflight by Military Aircraft |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
13 Marine Resource Management |
|
285 | (35) |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
II Non-Living Marine Resources |
|
|
287 | (5) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
B Internal Waters and Territorial Sea |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
C Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
D The High Seas and Deep Seabed |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
292 | (27) |
|
A Fisheries and the 'Tragedy of the Commons' |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
C 1958 Geneva Conventions |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
297 | (10) |
|
i Internal Waters, the Territorial Sea and Archipelagic Waters |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
ii Exclusive Economic Zone |
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
i Highly Migratory Species |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (10) |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
14 Marine Scientific Research |
|
320 | (18) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
II Development of the Regime for Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
A Early History of Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
B Marine Scientific Research and NorthSouth Tensions in the Post-WW II Period |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
C The Pre-LOSC Regime for Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
III The LOSC Regime for Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
324 | (10) |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
B Internal Waters, Archipelagic Waters and the Territorial Sea |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
C Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone |
|
|
327 | (6) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
ii Scientific Research Installations and Equipment |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
IV Marine Scientific Research under Other Regimes |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
V Coastal State Legislation concerning Marine Scientific Research |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
15 Marine Environmental Protection |
|
338 | (45) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
II Sources and Type of Marine Pollution |
|
|
339 | (3) |
|
III The Legal Framework: LOSC and Regional Treaties |
|
|
342 | (5) |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
IV Operational Vessel-Source Pollution |
|
|
347 | (12) |
|
A Operational and Accidental Vessel Pollution Distinguished |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
C International Standards |
|
|
348 | (5) |
|
D The MARPOL Jurisdictional Framework |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
E The LOSC Jurisdictional Framework |
|
|
355 | (4) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
iv Enforcement Jurisdiction |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
V Accidental Vessel-Source Pollution |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
ii Qualifications and Working Conditions for Seafarers |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
iii Preventing Collisions at Sea |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
A Responding to Pollution Emergencies |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
B Coastal State Rights of Intervention |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
VII Liability for Vessel-Source Pollution |
|
|
365 | (6) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (5) |
|
i Liability for Oil Pollution Damage |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
ii 1992 Civil Liability Convention |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
iii The 1992 Fund Convention |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
iv Liability for Other Pollution Damage |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
A Territorial Sea, EEZ and Continental Shelf |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
373 | (5) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
C Jurisdiction and Enforcement |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
D Ship Scrapping and Recycling |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
X Land-Based and Atmospheric Pollution |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
A 1995 Global Programme of Action |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
16 Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries |
|
383 | (29) |
|
|
383 | (3) |
|
A Grisbadarna Arbitration |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
II Work of the International Law Commission |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
III Codification of the Law |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
A Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
B Convention on the Continental Shelf |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
A North Sea Continental Shelf Cases |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
B Anglo-French Arbitration |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
VI The ICJ and Maritime Boundary Delimitation |
|
|
393 | (4) |
|
VII Principles of Maritime Boundary Delimitation |
|
|
397 | (11) |
|
A Delimitation Methodology |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
ii EEZ/Continental Shelf/Single Maritime Boundary |
|
|
398 | (1) |
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B Territorial Sea Delimitations |
|
|
399 | (2) |
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C Equitable Solution/Equitable Result |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
D Equidistance and Median Lines |
|
|
401 | (1) |
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E Relevant and Special Circumstances |
|
|
402 | (5) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
ii Relevant Circumstances |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
F Single Maritime Boundaries |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
VIII Maritime Boundary Delimitation by Agreement |
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
A Settled Maritime Boundaries |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
B Joint Development Zones |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
17 Maritime Regulation and Enforcement |
|
412 | (27) |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
II International Law Regarding Enforcement Powers at Sea |
|
|
414 | (8) |
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
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iii Multilateral Hot Pursuit |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (4) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
ii General Principles Regarding the Use of Force at Sea During Peacetime |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
III Enforcement Operations within Particular Maritime Zones |
|
|
422 | (10) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
iii Territorial Sea of an International Strait |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (3) |
|
i Matters Subject to EEZ Sovereign Rights |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
ii Matters Subject to EEZ Jurisdiction |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
IV Specialist Regimes Relating to Maritime Regulation and Enforcement |
|
|
432 | (6) |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
B Maritime Terrorism and Related Unlawful Acts |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
18 Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea |
|
439 | (22) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
II Dispute Settlement in International Law: General Mechanisms |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
III Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Pre-LOSC Developments |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
A ILC Draft Articles on the Law of the Sea |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
IV Dispute Settlement under the LOSC |
|
|
445 | (15) |
|
A Jurisdictional Conditions |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
B Compulsory Dispute Settlement |
|
|
448 | (6) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
C Jurisdictional Limitations and Exceptions |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
|
456 | (4) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
19 Oceans Governance |
|
461 | (26) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
II The Concept of Oceans Governance |
|
|
462 | (8) |
|
A Government and Governance Distinguished |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
B The Ecosystem Approach and Area-Based Management |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
C Area-Based Tools for Marine Management |
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
D Transparent and Participatory Decision-Making Processes |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
E Scientific and Other Cross-Disciplinary Influences |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
F Normative Influences on Oceans Governance |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
III The Global Legal Framework for Oceans Governance |
|
|
470 | (3) |
|
IV The Policy Framework for Oceans Governance |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
V Norms and Principles of Oceans Governance |
|
|
474 | (4) |
|
VI Institutions for Oceans Governance |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
VII Regional, Sub-regional and National Oceans Governance |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
A UNEP Regional Seas Programme |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
C Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
Index |
|
487 | |