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International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective [Hardback]

Edited by (Saint Leo University, Florida, USA), Edited by (Saint Leo University, Florida, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 288 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 521 g, 2 Tables, black and white; 5 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Advances in Police Theory and Practice
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Oct-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1439867895
  • ISBN-13: 9781439867891
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 288 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 521 g, 2 Tables, black and white; 5 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Advances in Police Theory and Practice
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Oct-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1439867895
  • ISBN-13: 9781439867891
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
"International illicit trade in human organs is on the increase, fueled by growing demand and unscrupulous traffickers. In order to truly understand the problem of organ trafficking, an analysis should take into account the various perspectives that comeinto play in this multifaceted issue. With contributions from international scholars and experts, The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective provides a broad-based exploration of this controversial phenomenon.Divided into four parts, the book examines the issue of human organ trafficking from the perspectives of criminal justice; business and economic; medical, ethical, and philosophical; and theological. The book begins by presenting case studies of the trafficking ofbody parts occurring in the U.S. and Mexico. It examines the increase in organ harvesting from Chinese prisoners and describes widespread instances of trafficking in Europe. Diverse perspectives Next, it examines the economic ramifications of possible legislation of the sale of body parts and discusses other proposals for increasing the supply of kidneys and other organs. It explores ethical issues surrounding the kidney shortage and incentives to promote donation. It also offers arguments for and against compensation for transplant organs from Kantian, Dworkinian, and other perspectives. Lastly, theologians discuss opposing Catholic and Protestant perspectives on the sale of human organs.Learning toolsEach chapter provides discussion questions to provoke vigorous debate and references to facilitate further study. The wide-ranging analysis provided by this volume is certain to enhance further inquiry into a disturbing and increasingly prevalent issue"--

"International illicit trade in human organs is on the increase, fueled by growing demand and unscrupulous traffickers. In order to truly understand the problem of organ trafficking, an analysis should take into account the various perspectives that comeinto play in this multifaceted issue. With contributions from international scholars and experts, The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective provides a broad-based exploration of this controversial phenomenon.Divided into four parts, the book examines the issue of human organ trafficking from the perspectives of criminal justice; business and economic; medical, ethical, and philosophical; and theological. The book begins by presenting case studies of the trafficking ofbody parts occurring in the U.S. and Mexico. It examines the increase in organ harvesting from Chinese prisoners and describes widespread instances of trafficking in Europe. Diverse perspectives Next, it examines the economic ramifications of possible legislation of the sale of body parts and discusses other proposals for increasing the supply of kidneys and other organs. It explores ethical issues surrounding the kidney shortage and incentives to promote donation. It also offers arguments for and against compensation for transplant organs from Kantian, Dworkinian, and other perspectives. Lastly, theologians discuss opposing Catholic and Protestant perspectives on the sale of human organs.Learning toolsEach chapter provides discussion questions to provoke vigorous debate and references to facilitate further study. The wide-ranging analysis provided by this volume is certain to enhance further inquiry into a disturbing and increasingly prevalent issue"--Provided by publisher.



International illicit trade in human organs is on the increase, fueled by growing demand and unscrupulous traffickers. In order to truly understand the problem of organ trafficking, an analysis should take into account the various perspectives that come into play in this multifaceted issue. With contributions from international scholars and experts, The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective provides a broad-based exploration of this controversial phenomenon.

Divided into four parts, the book examines the issue of human organ trafficking from the perspectives of criminal justice, business, medicine, ethics, philosophy, and theology. The book begins by presenting case studies of the trafficking of body parts occurring in the U.S. and Mexico. It examines the increase in organ harvesting from Chinese prisoners and describes widespread instances of trafficking in Europe.

Diverse perspectives

Next, it examines the economic ramifications of possible legislation of the sale of body parts and discusses other proposals for increasing the supply of kidneys and other organs. It explores ethical issues surrounding the kidney shortage and incentives to promote donation. It also offers arguments for and against compensation for transplant organs from Kantian, Dworkinian, and other perspectives. Lastly, theologians discuss opposing Catholic and Protestant perspectives on the sale of human organs.

Learning tools

Each chapter provides discussion questions to provoke vigorous debate and references to facilitate further study. The wide-ranging analysis provided by this volume is certain to enhance further inquiry into a disturbing and increasingly prevalent issue.

Series Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Preface xvii
About the Editors xxi
Key Terms xxv
Section I A CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE
1 Trafficking in Body Parts
3(10)
Leonard Territo
Rande Matteson
Case 1
4(1)
Case 2
5(1)
Case 3
6(1)
Case Origination
7(1)
The Law Applied
8(1)
The Global Network
9(1)
Discussion Questions
10(1)
Endnotes
10(3)
2 China Profit$ from Prisoners: Organ Procurement and the Ethical Issue of Consent
13(10)
Jessica Neagle
Organ Procurement of Executed Chinese Prisoners
13(2)
Confidentiality or Concealment?
15(1)
Lack of Consent
16(1)
Medical Doctors Involvement
17(1)
The Brain Death Criterion
18(2)
Acknowledgments
20(1)
Discussion Questions
20(1)
Endnotes
20(3)
3 Trafficking in Human Organs in Europe: A Myth or an Actual Threat?
23(26)
Silke Meyer
Introduction
24(1)
Trafficking in Organs as a Face of Organized Crime?
24(3)
The Problem of Defining Organized Crime
25(1)
Definition by Criminals Involved
26(1)
Definition by the Crimes Committed
26(1)
The Problem of Gathering Reliable Data: Scientific Sources versus "Suspense Articles"
27(2)
Aspects and Methods Involved in the Business of Trafficking in Organs
29(3)
Short Overview of Main European Supplier (or So-Called Donor) and Destination (or So-Called Demanding) Countries
29(1)
Which Circumstances in Donor and Demanding Countries Smooth the Way for the Commerce in Organs, Predominandy Kidneys?
30(2)
Supplying the Black Market with the "Illicit" Good and Services
32(3)
Actors Operating This Business
32(1)
Different Methods Applied by Actors
33(1)
Who Are the Victims of Trafficking in Organs?
34(1)
The Donor as a Victim
34(1)
The Recipient as a Victim
35(1)
Discussed and Developed Measures to Tackle the Phenomenon
35(4)
European Legislations and Conventions to Combat the Phenomenon
35(1)
Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine80
36(1)
Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine concerning Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin82
36(1)
Increasing the Number of Available Transplants as a Preventive Measure
37(2)
Conclusion
39(2)
Discussion Questions
41(1)
Endnotes
41(8)
Section II A BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
4 A Free Market for Human Organs
49(10)
Megan Clay
Walter Block
Postscript
53(2)
Discussion Questions
55(1)
Endnotes
56(1)
References
57(2)
5 Karnataka's Unabating Kidney Trade
59(12)
Vidya Ram
Analysis and Features of the Commercial Racket in Kidneys
60(1)
Failure of Regulatory Bodies
61(2)
A New Investigative Track
63(1)
The Transplantation of Human Organs Act of 1994
64(1)
The Development of a Sophisticated Network
65(1)
Recommendations to Help Improve the Functioning of Regulatory Bodies
66(1)
The Role of the Medical Profession
67(1)
The Economies of the Organ Trade
68(2)
Discussion Questions
70(1)
6 To Solve a Deadly Shortage: Economic Incentives for Human Organ Donation
71(24)
Curtis E. Harris
Stephen P. Alcorn
A Brief Overview of Transplant Technology
72(1)
What Is an Organ?
73(1)
Donation and Sale of Regenerative Organs and Self Replenishing Tissues and Cells: Problems and Answers
74(1)
Blood
74(3)
Reproductive Tissue
75(1)
Tissue
76(1)
Nonregenerative Tissues: The Legislative Approach
77(3)
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (1968)
77(1)
NOTA (1984)
78(1)
UAGA (1987)
78(1)
Proposed Legislation: UAGA H.R. 2418 (1999)
79(1)
Understanding the Issues
80(4)
Presumed Consent
80(1)
Nationalization of Cadavers
81(1)
Pure Altruism
82(2)
The Open Market Approach
84(3)
Real and Imagined Problems
84(1)
Living Donor Organ Market
85(1)
Market Theory as Applied
85(1)
Objections to a Living Donor Market
86(1)
The Early Attempts to Establish Open Market Reimbursement
86(1)
A Proposal for a Regulated Posthumous Organ Market
87(1)
Conclusion
88(1)
Discussion Questions
89(1)
Endnotes
89(6)
7 A Free Market for Kidneys: Options, Futures, Forward, and Spot
95(22)
William Barnett II
Michael Saliba
Introduction
95(1)
Kidney Demand and Supply
96(2)
The Market for Kidneys
98(3)
Financing Transactions: Options, Futures, and Forward Markets
101(1)
Spot Markets
102(3)
Kidney Prices
105(1)
Summary and Conclusions
106(1)
Appendix
107(3)
Discussion Questions
110(1)
Acknowledgments
110(1)
Endnotes
110(1)
References
111(6)
Section III A MEDICAL, ETHICAL, AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
8 Medical Tourism: Organ Trafficking and Kidney Transplantation
117(14)
Snezana (Ana) Mijovic-Das
Introduction
117(1)
Cultural Barriers to Kidney Transplantation
118(1)
Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism
118(1)
Why We Should Oppose Organ Trafficking
119(1)
The Extent of Organ Trafficking
120(1)
Consequences to the Vendors
121(1)
What Are the Alternatives? The Amsterdam Forum and the Iranian Model
121(1)
Developing an Organ Donation System
122(1)
Promising Practices
122(1)
Financial Incentives to Promote Donation
122(1)
Developing Laws and International Alliances
123(1)
Developing Sensitivity for Human Rights
123(1)
Reimbursing the Donor and Other Protection Measures
124(1)
Conclusion
124(1)
Appendix A: Medical Tourism: Organ Trafficking and Kidney Transplantation
125(1)
Pera Pop of Belgrade: A Case Study
125(2)
Ana Mijovic-Das
Discussion Questions
127(1)
Endnotes
127(2)
References
129(2)
9 Body Values: The Case against Compensating for Transplant Organs
131(12)
Donald Joralemon
Phil Cox
Commodification
133(2)
Reason and Rescue
135(2)
Science and Superstition
137(1)
Discussion Questions
138(1)
Kndnotes
139(4)
10 Autonomy, Constraining Options, and Organ Sales
143(18)
James Stacey Taylor
Preliminary Remarks
144(1)
Dworkin's Case for Organ Sales---and the First Objections to It
145(3)
Is the Option to Sell an Organ an Autonomy-Undermining Constraining Option for the Individual Who Chooses It?
148(2)
Responses to Hughes
150(2)
Organ Sales, Aid, and Group-Affecting Constraining Options
152(3)
Conclusion
155(1)
Discussion Questions
156(1)
Acknowledgments
156(1)
Endnotes
156(5)
11 Markets and the Needy: Organ Sales or Aid?
161(8)
T.L. Zutlevics
Introduction
161(1)
The Moral Viability of a Current Organ Market
162(4)
Discussion Questions
166(1)
Acknowledgments
166(1)
Endnotes
166(3)
12 Selling Bits and Pieces of Humans to Make Babies: The Gift of the Magi Revisited
169(20)
Cynthia B. Cohen
Introduction
169(2)
Ethical Concerns about Selling Human Organs for Transplantation
171(5)
Ethical Concerns about Selling Human Gametes for Reproduction
176(3)
Ethical Concerns about Selling Fetal Eggs and Ovaries for Reproduction
179(2)
Ethical Concerns about Selling Human Cells and Eggs for Cloning
181(3)
The Human Significance of Reproduction
184(1)
Discussion Questions
185(1)
Acknowledgments
185(1)
References
186(3)
Section IV A THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
13 A Catholic Perspective on Organ Sales
189(14)
Nicholas Capaldi
The Catholic Church's Position on Transplantation and the Sale of Human Organs
189(3)
The Ideal Public Policy
192(2)
A Second-Best Policy: A Tax Reduction or Tax Credit in Support of the Ideal Public Policy
194(1)
A Third-Best, but Prudential, Policy: Catholic Participation in an Organ Market
195(6)
Discussion Questions
201(1)
Endnotes
201(1)
References
201(2)
14 Body Parts and the Marketplace: Insights from Thomistic Philosophy
203(24)
Mark J. Cherry
Introduction
203(2)
The Tradition
205(3)
Totality and Charity
208(7)
Markets and Charity
215(2)
Conclusion
217(1)
Discussion Questions
218(1)
Endnotes
219(3)
References
222(5)
15 The Commercialization of Human Body Parts: A Reappraisal from a Protestant Perspective
227(18)
Larry Torcello
Stephen Wear
Introduction
227(2)
The Essential Secular Case against Commercialization
229(3)
Exploitation
230(1)
Coercion
231(1)
Protestant Arguments for and against Human Body Part Commercialization
232(9)
Greed
233(2)
The Protection of Altruism
235(1)
Human Sanctity and Autonomy
236(5)
Conclusion
241(1)
Discussion Questions
241(1)
Endnotes
242(1)
References
242(3)
Index 245
Dr. Leonard Territo and Dr. Rande W. Matteson are with the Department of Criminal Justice at Saint Leo University in Saint Leo, Florida.