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E-grāmata: Introducing Research Methodology: Thinking Your Way Through Your Research Project

  • Formāts: 416 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Mar-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781529717273
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  • Formāts: 416 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Mar-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781529717273

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An encyclopedic introduction to research, showing students how to think about every stage of their project and equipping them with the tools they need to understand different research processes.


Offering an encyclopedic introduction to research, this book shows students how to think about every stage of their project and equips them with the tools they need to understand different research processes.

Packed with examples showing the diversity of research, this third edition provides hands-on guidance to help students:

  • Develop key academic skills like critical thinking, effective writing and building an argument
  • Confidently interpret findings, assess arguments and understand the wider impact of their research
  • Understand the challenges and opportunities involved in working with new types of data like social media and online data

Supported by a dynamic new website with downloadable templates, case studies, dos and don’ts videos and more, this practical book prepares students for not just getting to grips with methodological concepts, but being ready to apply them.

Recenzijas

A significant effort has been made to present a detailed, contemporary overview of designing and conducting social research. The author goes beyond the usual content covered in this type of textbook, by elaborating on worldview methodological approaches to research. -- Shakiela K Davies This continues to be a stand-out resource for students who are undertaking their first social research project, and this edition brings many welcome updates. Particularly welcome are the strengthening of the section on ethics, and the integration of online and digital research throughout the text. -- Cathy Lasher

List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xv
About the Author xvii
Preface to the Third Edition xix
Online Resources xxv
PART I ORIENTATION
1(78)
1 Why Social Research?
3(20)
What is Social Research?
3(3)
The Tasks of Social Research
6(2)
What Can You Achieve with Social Research?
8(2)
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
10(6)
Doing Research On Site, Doing it Online or Combining the Two
16(1)
Why and How Research Can Be Fun
16(1)
What you Need to Ask Yourself
17(2)
What You Need to Succeed
19(1)
What You Have Learned
19(1)
What's Next
20(3)
2 Worldviews in Social Research
23(16)
Positivism
24(1)
Critical Rationalism
25(2)
Interpretative Paradigm
27(2)
Constructionism
29(2)
Social Research between Fundamentalism and Pragmatism
31(3)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
34(1)
What You Need to Succeed
35(1)
What You Have Learned
35(1)
What's Next
36(3)
3 Ethical Issues in Social Research
39(22)
Principles of Ethically Acceptable Research
40(1)
Informed Consent
41(2)
Confidentiality, Anonymity and Data Protection
43(3)
How to Avoid Causing Harm to Participants
46(2)
Codes of Ethics
48(1)
Ethics Committees
49(2)
Rules of Good Scientific Practice
51(1)
Research Ethics: Cases and Mass Research
51(1)
Research Ethics in Digital and Online Research
51(2)
Data Protection: Regulations in the European Union
53(2)
Conclusion
55(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
56(1)
What You Need to Succeed
57(1)
What You Have Learned
57(1)
What's Next
58(3)
4 From Research Idea to Research Question
61(18)
Starting Points for Research
61(4)
Origins of Research Questions
65(2)
Characteristics of Research Questions
67(4)
Good Research Questions, Bad Research Questions
71(2)
The Use of Hypotheses
73(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
74(1)
What You Need to Succeed
75(1)
What You Have Learned
76(1)
What's Next
76(3)
PART II PLANNING AND DESIGN
79(74)
5 Reading and Reviewing the Literature
81(24)
The Scope of a Literature Review
81(1)
What Do We Mean by `Literature'?
82(2)
Finding Literature
84(2)
Areas of Literature
86(2)
Reading Empirical Studies
88(1)
How to Construct and Write a Literature Review
89(6)
Referencing the Literature
95(4)
Plagiarism and How to Avoid It
99(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
100(1)
What You Need to Succeed
101(1)
What You Have Learned
102(1)
What's Next
102(3)
6 Steps in the Research Process
105(20)
Overview of the Research Process
105(1)
The Research Process in Quantitative Research
106(7)
The Research Process in Qualitative Research
113(5)
Comparing the Processes of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
118(3)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
121(1)
What You Need to Succeed
121(1)
What You Have Learned
122(1)
What's Next
122(3)
7 Designing Social Research
125(28)
Writing a Proposal for a Research Project
125(2)
Developing a Timescale
127(3)
Designing a Study
130(1)
Research Designs in Quantitative Research
131(4)
Qualitative Research Designs
135(3)
Sampling
138(1)
Sampling Strategies in Quantitative Research
139(4)
Sampling Strategies in Qualitative Research
143(3)
Sampling and Access in Online Research
146(3)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
149(1)
What You Need to Succeed
149(1)
What You Have Learned
150(1)
What's Next
150(3)
PART III METHOD SELECTION
153(44)
8 Deciding on Your Methods
155(26)
Decisions in the Research Process
155(1)
Decisions in Planning a Quantitative Study
156(9)
Decisions in Planning a Qualitative Study
165(8)
Decisions within Quantitative and Qualitative Research
173(1)
Deciding between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
174(1)
Deciding between Doing Research On Site or Online
175(1)
Deciding on Specific Approaches to Research
175(1)
Reflection Halfway through the Process
176(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
176(2)
What You Need to Succeed
178(1)
What You Have Learned
178(1)
What's Next
179(2)
9 Triangulation and Mixed Methods
181(16)
Combining Different Approaches
181(2)
Mixed Methods
183(3)
Triangulation
186(5)
Digital Research as a Complementary Strategy
191(1)
Pragmatism and the Issue as Points of Reference
192(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
193(1)
What You Need to Succeed
194(1)
What You Have Learned
194(1)
What's Next
194(3)
PART IV WORKING WITH DATA
197(100)
10 Using Existing Data
199(22)
What Does Existing Data Mean?
200(1)
Why Use Existing Data?
200(1)
Information and Data
201(1)
Secondary Analysis
202(4)
Working with Documents
206(3)
Visual Data as Documents: Photo and Film
209(1)
Analyzing Internet Documents and Interactions
210(1)
Social Media for Doing Research
211(3)
Problems with Using Digital Data
214(1)
Big Data
215(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
216(1)
What You Need to Succeed
216(1)
What You Have Learned
217(1)
What's Next
217(4)
11 Collecting New Data
221(40)
Surveys and Interviews
221(3)
Quantitative Surveys: Questionnaires
224(6)
Qualitative Inquiries: Interviews and Focus Groups
230(11)
Online Surveys, Interviews and Focus Groups
241(4)
Observation
245(7)
Obtaining and Documenting Information
252(6)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
258(1)
What You Need to Succeed
258(1)
What You Have Learned
259(1)
What's Next
259(2)
12 Analyzing Data
261(36)
Quantitative Data Analysis
262(1)
Quantitative Content Analysis
262(3)
Quantitative Analysis of other Forms of Data
265(8)
Qualitative Analysis
273(1)
Transcription of Interview Data
273(3)
Qualitative Content Analysis
276(4)
Grounded Theory Coding
280(4)
Thematic Coding
284(1)
Thematic Analysis
285(1)
Interpretative Methods: Analyzing Narratives
286(2)
Formal Approaches: Talk in (Inter-) Action
288(2)
Interpretative Methods of Analyzing Qualitative Data
290(1)
Case Studies and Typologies
290(3)
Data Analysis in Mixed Methods and Triangulation Research
293(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
294(1)
What You Need to Succeed
294(1)
What You Have Learned
295(1)
What's Next
295(2)
PART V REFLECTION AND WRITING
297(50)
13 What is Good Research? Evaluating Your Research Project
299(26)
Evaluating Empirical Studies
299(1)
Quality and Evaluation of Quantitative Research
300(1)
Reliability
300(2)
Validity
302(5)
Objectivity
307(1)
Representativeness
307(1)
Quality and Evaluation of Qualitative Research
308(1)
Reformulation of Traditional Criteria
308(2)
Method-appropriate Criteria
310(2)
Generalization
312(2)
Standards and Quality in Digital Research
314(1)
Limits of Research Approaches
315(1)
Limits of Quantitative Research
315(2)
Limits of Qualitative Research
317(3)
Limits of Triangulation and Mixed Methods in Social Research
320(1)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
320(1)
What You Need to Succeed
321(1)
What You Have Learned
321(1)
What's Next
322(3)
14 Writing Up Research and Using Results
325(22)
Goals of Writing Up Social Research
326(1)
Writing Up Quantitative Research
326(6)
Writing Up Qualitative Research
332(6)
Issues of Writing
338(1)
Outlets for Writing
338(2)
Feeding Back Results to Participants
340(1)
Using Data in Debate
341(2)
What You Need to Ask Yourself
343(1)
What You Need to Succeed
343(1)
What You Have Learned
344(1)
What's Next
344(3)
Glossary 347(10)
References 357(18)
Name Index 375(4)
Subject Index 379
Uwe Flick is Senior Professor of Qualitative Research in Social Science and Education at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. He is a trained psychologist and sociologist and received his PhD from the Freie Universität Berlin in 1988 and his Habilitation from the Technical University Berlin in 1994. He has been Professor of Qualitative Research at Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, Germany and at the University of Vienna, Austria. Previously, he was Adjunct Professor at the Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. Johns, Canada; a Lecturer in research methodology at the Freie Universität Berlin; a Reader and Assistant Professor in qualitative methods and evaluation at the Technical University Berlin; and Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Medical Sociology at the Hannover Medical School. He has held visiting appointments at the London School of Economics, the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, Cambridge University (UK), Memorial University of St Johns (Canada), University of Lisbon (Portugal), Institute of Higher Studies in Vienna, in Italy and Sweden, and the School of Psychology at Massey University, Auckland (New Zealand). His main research interests are qualitative methods, social representations in the fields of individual and public health, vulnerability in fields like youth homelessness or (forced) migration and chronical illness in everyday live. He is the editor of The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design (2 Vols.; Sage 2022). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (Sage, 2014), The SAGE Qualitative Research Kit (Sage, 2nd edn, 2018), A Companion to Qualitative Research (Sage, 2004), Psychology of the Social (Cambridge University Press, 1998). His most recent publications are the seventh edition of An Introduction to Qualitative Research (Sage, 2023), Doing Grounded Theory (Sage, 2018), Doing Triangulation and Mixed Methods (Sage, 2018), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection (editor, Sage, 2018), the third edition of Introducing Research Methodology Thinking Your Way through Your Research Project (Sage, 2020) and Doing Interview Research - The Essential How To Guide (Sage 2022). In 2019, Uwe Flick received the Lifetime Award in Qualitative Inquiry at the 15th International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.