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Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves 2nd edition, Volume 102 [Hardback]

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(CJN Research Meteorology, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 400 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 620 g, 60 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Sērija : International Geophysics
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Nov-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0123852234
  • ISBN-13: 9780123852236
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Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves 2nd edition, Volume 102Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 400 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 620 g, 60 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Sērija : International Geophysics
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Nov-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0123852234
  • ISBN-13: 9780123852236
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780123852236.html
Keywords:

Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research. An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation.An accompanying website contains real data, computer codes for data analysis, and linear gravity wave models to further enhance the reader's understanding of the book's material.

  • Companion web site features animations and streaming video
  • Foreword by George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence
  • Includes a new application-based component for use in climate and weather predictions


    • Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research. An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation.An accompanying website contains real data, computer codes for data analysis, and linear gravity wave models to further enhance the reader's understanding of the book's material.

  • Companion web site features animations and streaming video
  • Foreword by George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence
  • Includes a new application-based component for use in climate and weather predictions

    • Papildus informācija

    This second edition presents a direct path from the basics of gravity wave theory to analyses of gravity wave characteristics
    Preface xv
    1 Fundamentals
    1.1 Introduction
    		1(8)
    1.2 Some Wave Mechanics
    		9(13)
    1.2.1 Waves, Harmonics, and Modes
    		11(1)
    1.2.2 Frames of Reference
    		12(1)
    1.2.3 Wave Scales
    		13(2)
    1.2.4 Wave Phase and Wave Speed
    		15(3)
    1.2.5 Group Velocity
    		18(4)
    1.2.6 Wave Dispersion
    		22(1)
    1.3 The Buoyant Force
    		22(4)
    1.4 The Boussinesq Approximation
    		26(3)
    2 The Linear Theory
    2.1 Introduction
    		29(2)
    2.2 The Taylor-Goldstein Equation
    		31(6)
    2.3 A Simple Solution
    		37(9)
    2.3.1 No Background Wind Speed
    		37(5)
    2.3.2 Constant Background Wind Speed
    		42(4)
    2.4 The WKB or "Slowly Varying" Method
    		46(1)
    2.5 Energetics
    		47(10)
    2.5.1 Wave Energy
    		47(5)
    2.5.2 Wave-Activity Conservation Laws
    		52(1)
    2.5.2.1 Wave Action
    		52(1)
    2.5.2.2 Pseudo-Energy and Pseudo-Momentum
    		53(4)
    3 Mountain Waves
    3.1 Introduction
    		57(4)
    3.2 Uniform Flow Over a Surface Corrugation
    		61(6)
    3.3 The Two-Dimensional Mountain
    		67(9)
    3.4 The Three-Dimensional Mountain
    		76(5)
    3.5 Nonorographic Gravity Waves
    		81(6)
    4 Ducted Gravity Waves
    4.1 Introduction
    		87(2)
    4.2 Wave Reflection and Refraction at an Elevated Layer
    		89(7)
    4.3 Wave Trapping, Energy Flux, and Wave Resonance
    		96(2)
    4.4 Reflection at the Ground Surface
    		98(4)
    4.5 Wave Ducts
    		102(15)
    4.5.1 The Pure Temperature Duct
    		102(3)
    4.5.2 The Pure Wind Duct
    		105(4)
    4.5.3 Wind Spirals and Ducts
    		109(3)
    4.5.4 Mountain Lee Waves
    		112(5)
    5 Gravity Wave Instability and Turbulence
    5.1 Introduction
    		117(1)
    5.2 Parcel Exchange Analysis of Flow Stability
    		118(3)
    5.3 Wave Instability
    		121(12)
    5.3.1 Introduction
    		121(1)
    5.3.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability
    		122(5)
    5.3.3 The Stability of Shear Flows
    		127(1)
    5.3.3.1 Inflection Point Instability
    		128(2)
    5.3.3.2 Instability of Stratified Shear Flows
    		130(3)
    5.4 The Critical Level
    		133(7)
    5.5 Neutral, Stable, and Unstable Modes
    		140(3)
    5.6 Wave-Modulated Richardson Number
    		143(4)
    5.7 Wave-Turbulence Coupling
    		147(4)
    5.8 Jefferys' Roll-Wave Instability Mechanism
    		151(8)
    6 Wave Stress
    6.1 Introduction
    		159(1)
    6.2 Mathematical Derivation
    		160(2)
    6.3 Variation of Wave Stress with Height
    		162(2)
    6.4 Mountain Wave Stress
    		164(10)
    6.4.1 Wave Stress Over a Surface Corrugation
    		164(2)
    6.4.1.1 Wave Stress Over an Isolated Two-Dimensional Mountain
    		166(2)
    6.4.2 Wave Stress Over Three-Dimensional Objects
    		168(6)
    6.5 Secondary Effects of Wave Drag
    		174(7)
    6.5.1 Direction Forcing
    		174(1)
    6.5.2 Lee Wave Drag Over a Two-Dimensional Mountain
    		175(1)
    6.5.3 Momentum Flux Due to Mountain Lee Waves
    		176(5)
    7 Gravity Waves in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
    7.1 Introduction
    		181(1)
    7.2 Background
    		182(5)
    7.3 Interia-Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere
    		187(3)
    7.4 Planetary Waves in the Middle Atmosphere
    		190(4)
    7.4.1 Rossby Wave
    		190(1)
    7.4.2 Tropical Atmosphere
    		191(1)
    7.4.2.1 Vertically Propagating Rossby-Gravity Waves
    		192(1)
    7.4.2.2 The Kelvin Wave
    		193(1)
    7.5 Midlatitude Wave Spectra
    		194(3)
    7.5.1 High-Frequency Waves: Ω >> f
    		194(1)
    7.5.2 Mid-Frequency Waves: f >> Ω >> N
    		195(1)
    7.5.3 Low-Frequency Range: Ω ~ f
    		196(1)
    7.6 Modeling the Gravity Wave Fluxes in the MUA
    		197(4)
    7.6.1 Hydrodynamic Models
    		197(1)
    7.6.2 Ray Tracing
    		197(4)
    8 Wave Stress Parameterization
    8.1 Introduction
    		201(7)
    8.1.1 Wave Breaking, Wave Saturation, and Eddy Diffusivity
    		202(3)
    8.1.2 Wave Breaking Heights
    		205(3)
    8.2 Wave-Saturation Parameterization
    		208(1)
    8.3 Parameterization Methods
    		209(17)
    8.3.1 Sawyer Method
    		209(1)
    8.3.2 Lindzen-Holton Method
    		209(6)
    8.3.3 The Palmer Method
    		215(2)
    8.3.4 The McFarlane Method
    		217(4)
    8.3.5 The Schoeberl Method
    		221(1)
    8.3.6 The Terrain-Height Adjustment Scheme
    		222(4)
    8.4 Saturation Limits and Other Problems
    		226(5)
    9 Observations and Measurements of Gravity Waves
    9.1 Introduction
    		231(2)
    9.2 Ground-Based Measurements
    		233(16)
    9.2.1 Pressure
    		234(1)
    9.2.1.1 Static Pressure Ports
    		235(2)
    9.2.1.2 Noise Filtering
    		237(8)
    9.2.2 Sampling Arrays
    		245(4)
    9.3 Free-Balloon Soundings
    		249(15)
    9.3.1 Tethered Lifting Systems
    		252(1)
    9.3.2 Superpressure Balloons
    		253(10)
    9.3.3 Aircraft
    		263(1)
    9.4 Remote Measurements
    		264(15)
    9.4.1 Radar
    		265(1)
    9.4.2 Doppler Radar
    		266(1)
    9.4.3 FM-CW Radar
    		267(1)
    9.4.4 Sodar
    		268(2)
    9.4.5 Lidar
    		270(2)
    9.4.6 Airglow
    		272(2)
    9.4.7 Satellites and Global Positioning Systems
    		274(1)
    9.4.7.1 Photographic Analyses
    		274(1)
    9.4.7.2 Sounding Rocket
    		274(1)
    9.4.7.3 GPS Radio-Occultation Sounding
    		275(1)
    9.4.7.4 Microwave Limb Sounding
    		276(3)
    10 Gravity Wave Analyses
    10.1 Introduction
    		279(1)
    10.2 Analyses of Tropospheric Gravity Waves
    		280(23)
    10.2.1 Initial Steeps
    		281(1)
    10.2.2 Spectral Analysis
    		282(1)
    10.2.3 Wavelet Analysis
    		283(5)
    10.2.4 Band-Pass Filtering
    		288(1)
    10.2.5 Lag Analysis
    		289(2)
    10.2.6 Cross-Correlation Lag Analysis
    		291(2)
    10.2.7 Beamsteering
    		293(1)
    10.2.7.1 Beamsteering in the Slowness Domain
    		293(2)
    10.2.7.2 Beamsteering in the Frequency Domain
    		295(1)
    10.2.7.3 Array Response and Examples
    		296(1)
    10.2.8 Impedance
    		297(2)
    10.2.9 Analysis Results
    		299(4)
    10.3 Gravity Wave Analyses in the MUA
    		303(6)
    10.3.1 Wavelet Analysis
    		304(1)
    10.3.2 Hodograph Analysis
    		305(4)
    Appendix A The Hydrostatic Atmosphere
    A.1 The Hydrostatic Approximation
    		309(1)
    A.2 The Scale Height of the Isothermal Atmosphere
    		310(1)
    A.3 Adiabatic Lapse Rate
    		310(1)
    A.4 Potential Temperature
    		310(1)
    A.5 Boussinesq Relations
    		311(1)
    A.6 The Geostrophic Wind
    		312(1)
    A.7 The Critical Level
    		313(2)
    A.8 Convolution
    		315(1)
    A.9 The Eckman Wind Spiral
    		316(1)
    A.10 Numerical Methods
    		317(6)
    A.10.1 Mountain Waves
    		317(3)
    A.10.2 Ducted Gravity Waves
    		320(3)
    Bibliography 323(20)
    Index 343
    Carmen Nappo received his Ph.D. in Geophysical Sciences from The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. His research topic was gravity-wave stress over topography in the planetary boundary layer. His professional career began in 1968 at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ. where he performed diagnostic studies and evaluations of global-scale atmospheric models. In 1971, he transferred to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, in Oak Ridge, TN where we worked until retiring in 2005. In 1994, Dr. Nappo received the American Meteorological Society's Editors Award for his reviews for the Journal of Applied Meteorology and in 2006 he received the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Distinguished Career Award. Dr. Nappo has published over 100 scientific papers, seven book chapters, and helped organize international scientific workshops and symposia. He has been a guest scientist and lecturer at universities and institutions in Australia, Germany, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, Turkey, and the USA. Dr. Nappo resides in Knoxville, Tennessee with his wife Joan MacReynolds and their cat Lily.