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Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition 6th Revised edition [Hardback]

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(, University of California, Berkeley), (, The Ohio State University)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 828 pages, height x width x depth: 224x279x33 mm, weight: 1737 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jul-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197542751
  • ISBN-13: 9780197542750
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 828 pages, height x width x depth: 224x279x33 mm, weight: 1737 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jul-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197542751
  • ISBN-13: 9780197542750
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The market-leading text, An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition provides an updated, integrated presentation of the study of hormone-behavior-brain interactions. Maintaining a comparative approach, the text explores the endocrine mechanisms that have evolved in both human
and nonhuman animals to solve common problems in survival and reproduction.

The text describes interactions among hormones, brain, and behavior from a historical perspective, emphasizing connections among key theories and tracing the emergence of important hypotheses. The book is organized around the conceptual theme that hormones affect behavior by influencing one or more
of three "components" of behaving animals--input mechanisms (such as sensory or perceptual processes), the central processing mechanisms of the nervous system (either directly, or by affecting its development or structure), and output mechanisms (such as effectors or peripheral structures). Despite
increased coverage of molecular and cellular approaches, the book strives for accessibility for non-biological science students.

An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition, is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, biology, anthropology, or zoology. It contains several important pedagogical features:

*Learning objectives are set out at the beginning of each chapter and now include 3 multiple choice questions per objective in the enhanced ebook.
*Learning Activity in each chapter (new to this edition)
*Key terms are defined in the margins throughout the text.
*The text is richly illustrated with color photographs and drawings.
*Chapter-end summaries restate important points.
*Discussion questions and suggested further readings are also included in each chapter.
*The text contains nearly 2,400 references to the literature in behavioral endocrinology.

RESOURCES

For Students
As with previous editions, the book is accompanied by animations, video, web links, sound files, a complete glossary, and graphics--accessible via Oxford Learning Link--to aid in understanding the material in the text.

This edition will also include an enhanced ebook.

For Instructors
-The Instructor's Resource Library includes electronic versions of all the textbook's figures and tables. All images are provided as both high- and low-resolution JPEGs, formatted and optimized for excellent legibility when projected. All figures and tables are also provided in ready-to-use
PowerPoint presentations.

-The Test Bank includes multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay questions for each chapter of the textbook. Prepared by the author, these questions are a helpful resource that can greatly speed the process of preparing exams and quizzes for the course.
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology
1(30)
1.1 Historical Roots of Behavioral Endocrinology
3(4)
Berthold's Experiment
4(2)
Box 1.1 Frank A. Beach and the Origins of the Modern Era of Behavioral Endocrinology
6(1)
1.2 What Are Hormones?
7(2)
Box 1.2 Neural Transmission versus Hormonal Communication
8(1)
1.3 The Study of Behavior
9(2)
Problems of Behavioral Research
9(1)
What Can Be Learned from Studying Nonhuman Animal Models
10(1)
1.4 How Might Hormones Affect Behavior?
11(1)
1.5 How Might Behavior Affect Hormones?
12(2)
1.6 Classes of Evidence for Determining Hormone-Behavior Interactions
14(1)
1.7 Common Techniques in Behavioral Endocrinology
14(17)
Ablation ana Replacement is Immunoassays
15(1)
Immunocytochemistry
16(2)
Blot Tests
18(1)
In Situ Hybridization
18(1)
Pharmacological Techniques
19(1)
Brain Imaging
19(1)
Genetic Manipulations
20(4)
Gene Arrays and RNA Sequencing
24(1)
Electrical Recording, Stimulation, and Optogenetics
25(1)
A Case Study: Effects of Kisspeptin on Behavior
26(2)
Summary
28(1)
Questions for Discussion
28(1)
Suggested Readings
29(2)
Chapter 2 The Endocrine System
31(50)
2.1 Chemical Communication
32(1)
2.2 General Features of the Endocrine System
33(3)
2.3 The Major Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones
36(32)
Protein and Peptide Hormones
37(15)
Box 2.1 The Discovery of Secretin: The Birth of Endocrinology
52(7)
Steroid Hormones
59(7)
Monoamine Hormones
66(2)
Lipid-Based Hormones
68(1)
2.4 How Hormones Are Regulated
68(4)
Box 2.2 Discovery of Hormone Negative Feedback
70(2)
2.5 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Action
72(9)
Hormone Receptor Types
72(3)
Transcription, Translation, and Posttranslational Events
75(2)
Summary
77(1)
Questions for Discussion
78(1)
Suggested Readings
79(2)
Chapter 3 Sex Differences in Behavior: Sex Determination and Differentiation
81(50)
3.1 Sex Determination and Differentiation
86(5)
Ultimate Causes of Sex Differences
87(2)
Box 3.1 Behavioral Sex Role Reversals
89(1)
Proximate Causes of Sex Differences
90(1)
3.2 Mammalian Sexual Differentiation
91(11)
Atypical Mammalian Sexual Differentiation
96(6)
Trisomy
102(1)
3.3 Sexual Differentiation in Birds
102(3)
3.4 Environmental Sex Determination in Reptiles and Fishes
105(3)
3.5 Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Male Polymorphism
108(2)
3.6 The Effects of Hormones on Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors
110(15)
The Organizational/Activational Hypothesis
111(1)
Box 3.2 William C. Young
112(1)
Sexual Differentiation and Behavior
113(2)
Early Effects of Androgens Mediated by Activational Effects of Sex Steroids
115(1)
Epigenetic Influences on Sexual Differentiation
116(2)
Environmental Influences on Mammalian Sexual Differentiation of the Nervous System
118(1)
Box 3.3 Epigenetic Effects on Sexual Dimorphism: Direct Maternal Provisioning of Steroids to Offspring
119(6)
3.7 Conclusions
125(6)
Summary
126(2)
Questions for Discussion
128(1)
Suggested Readings
128(3)
4 Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans
131(56)
4.1 Why Study Sex Differences?
135(2)
Box 4.1 Sex Ratio of Litter Affects Adult Behavior
135(2)
4.2 Neural Bases of Mammalian Sex Differences
137(5)
4.3 Molecular Sex Differences in the Brain
142(5)
4.4 Animal Models for Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors
147(9)
Box 4.2 Urinary Posture in Canines
147(1)
Birdsong
148(5)
Courtship Behavior of the Plainfin Midshipman Fish
153(1)
Box 4.3 The Organization of Avian Copulatory Behavior
153(2)
Rough-and-Tumble Play in Primates
155(1)
4.5 Sex Differences in Human Behavior
156(17)
Box 4.4 Ambiguous Genitalia: Which Course of Treatment?
158(4)
Box 4.5 Hormones, Sex Differences, and Art
162(2)
Gender Role
164(2)
Gender Identity
166(1)
Sexual Orientation
167(1)
Box 4.6 The Spinal Nucleus of the Bulbocavernosus Muscle
168(3)
Box 4.7 Hormonal Influences on Mate Choice
171(2)
4.6 Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities
173(10)
Sensory Processing
173(5)
Lateralization of Cognitive Function
178(1)
Verbal Skills
179(2)
Mathematical Reasoning and Visuospatial Abilities
181(2)
4.7 Conclusions
183(4)
Summary
183(2)
Questions for Discussion
185(1)
Suggested Readings
185(2)
Chapter 5 Male Reproductive Behavior
187(64)
Box 5.1 Battle of the "Sexes"
189(2)
5.1 The Proximate Bases of Male Sexual Behavior
191(2)
5.2 Historical Origins of Research on Male Sexual Behavior
193(3)
Box 5.2 Josephine Ball (1898-1977)
195(1)
5.3 Male Sexual Behavior in Rodents
196(29)
Male Mating Behavior in Rats: A Description
196(2)
Hormonal Correlates of Male Mating Behavior in Rodents
198(1)
Box 5.3 Diversity of Male Mating Patterns
199(2)
Box 5.4 Anatomy of the Penis
201(3)
Brain Mechanisms of Male Rodent Mating Behavior
204(12)
Box 5.5 Just Say NO (Nitric Oxide) to Erectile Dysfunction with Viagra
216(3)
Social Influences on Male Rodent Mating Behavior
219(3)
Individual Differences in Male Rodent Mating Behavior
222(3)
5.4 Male Sexual Behavior in Primates
225(18)
The Strength of the Sex Drive in Human Males
225(3)
Human Male Sexual Behavior: A Description
228(2)
Nonhuman Primate Male Sexual Behavior: A Description
230(1)
Hormonal Correlates of Primate Male Sexual Behavior
231(4)
Brain Mechanisms of Primate Male Sexual Behavior
235(4)
Social Influences on Men's Sexual Behavior
239(1)
Individual Variation and Effects of Aging on Male Sexual Behavior
240(1)
Peptide Hormones and Male Sexual Behavior
241(1)
Box 5.6 Male Reproductive Behavior in Reptiles
241(2)
5.5 Male Reproductive Behavior in Birds
243(5)
5.6 Conclusions
248(3)
Summary
248(2)
Questions for Discussion
250(1)
Suggested Readings
250(1)
Chapter 6 Female Reproductive Behavior
251(58)
6.1 Early Discoveries about Female Sexual Behavior
253(5)
The Development of the Vaginal Cytological Assay
254(3)
Research in the Twentieth Century
257(1)
6.2 Mammalian Female Mating Behavior: A Description
258(4)
Rodents
258(2)
Canines
260(1)
Primates
261(1)
6.3 Are Females Active Participants in Sexual Behavior?
262(2)
6.4 Components of Female Sexual Behavior
264(15)
Attractivity
267(2)
Box 6.1 Chemo signals and Courtship in the Red-Sided Garter Snake
269(2)
Proceptivity
271(1)
Receptivity
272(7)
6.5 Female Reproductive Cycles
279(8)
Types of Reproductive Cycles
280(1)
The Ecology of Reproductive Cycles
280(3)
Social and Environmental Effects on Reproductive Cycles
283(2)
Box 6.2 Human Pheromones
285(1)
Box 6.3 Illness Suppresses Female Sexual Behavior
286(1)
6.6 Experimental Analyses of Female Sexual Behavior
287(17)
Hormonal Correlates of Female Reproductive Cycles
287(6)
Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Reproductive Axis Control
293(1)
Neural Mechanisms Mediating Female Sexual Behavior
294(5)
Box 6.4 Nongenomic Behavioral Effects of Steroid Hormones
299(1)
Gene Knockouts
300(1)
A Neural Model of Lordosis
301(3)
6.7 Neural Mechanisms Underlying Primate Sexual Behaviors
304(5)
Summary
306(2)
Questions for Discussion
308(1)
Suggested Readings
308(1)
Chapter 7 Parental Behavior
309(54)
7.1 Parental Investment Theory
311(3)
7.2 Sex Differences in Parental Behavior
314(1)
7.3 Parental Behavior in Birds
315(7)
Endocrine Correlates of Avian Parental Behavior
317(1)
Box 7.1 Daniel S. Lehrman
318(4)
7.4 Parental Behavior in Mammals
322(36)
Mammalian Maternal Behavior
322(4)
Mammalian Paternal Behavior
326(1)
Endocrine Correlates of Mammalian Parental Behavior
327(5)
Box 7.2 Jay Rosenblatt
332(3)
Box 7.3 Maternal Behavior in Sheep
335(5)
Box 7.4 Offspring Behavior and the Maintenance of Maternal Behavior
340(1)
Endocrine Correlates of Primate Parental Behavior
341(7)
Neural Changes Associated with Mammalian Parental Behavior
348(7)
Box 7.5 Nongenetic Transmission of Parenting Styles
355(3)
7.5 Conclusions
358(5)
Summary
359(1)
Questions for Discussion
360(1)
Suggested Readings
361(2)
Chapter 8 Hormones and Social Behavior
363(58)
Affiliation
365(1)
8.1 Imaging Studies of Humans
366(2)
8.2 Adaptive Function of Affiliation
368(1)
8.3 Hormones and Affiliation
369(9)
Box 8.1 Beneficial Effects of Social Support on Health
376(2)
Box 8.2 Nonapeptides and Fish Social Behavior
378(1)
8.4 Evolutionary Basis for Social Effects of the Nonapeptides
378(3)
8.5 Opioids and Affiliation
381(5)
Aggression
382(4)
8.6 Seasonal Changes in Aggression
386(6)
Aggression and the Breeding Cycle: Red Deer
386(1)
Aggression and Winter Survival: Birds
387(1)
Aggression and Winter Survival: Rodents
388(4)
Do Seasonal Hormonal Changes in Primates Correlate with Aggression?
392(1)
8.7 Pubertal Changes in Aggression
392(2)
Social Influences on the Development of Aggressive Behavior
393(1)
The Timing of Puberty: Birds
393(1)
8.8 Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior
394(4)
Box 8.3 Sex Role Reversals
395(1)
Organization and Activation of Aggression: Mice
396(2)
Play Behavior: Primates
398(1)
8.9 Individual Differences in Aggression
398(3)
Box 8.4 How Much Testosterone?
Just the Right Amount
400(1)
Hormones and Behavior
401(1)
8.10 Social Experience Feeds Back to Influence Hormone Concentrations
401(10)
The Challenge Hypothesis: Birds
402(4)
Conditioned Social Defeat
406(1)
Hormones, Competition, and Violent Behavior: Humans
407(4)
8.11 Physiological Mechanisms Mediating Hormonal Effects on Aggressive Behaviors
411(6)
Brain Regions Associated with Aggression
412(1)
Brain Steroid Hormone Receptors
413(1)
Estrogen Receptors
413(2)
Androgen Receptors
415(1)
Box 8.5 Optogenetic Control of Aggression in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
415(1)
Serotonin
416(1)
Vasopressin
416(1)
8.12 Conclusions
417(4)
Summary
417(2)
Questions for Discussion
419(1)
Suggested Readings
419(2)
Chapter 9 Homeostasis and Behavior
421(56)
9.1 Basic Concepts in Homeostasis
424(14)
Fluid Balance
426(1)
Box 9.1 Vertebrate Renal Function
427(4)
Endocrine Regulation of Fluid Balance and Thirst
431(4)
Sodium Balance
435(2)
How Do Hormones Regulate Drinking Behavior?
437(1)
9.2 Energy Balance
438(5)
Metabolism during the Well-Fed State
441(1)
Metabolism during the Fasting State
442(1)
9.3 Dysregulated Energy Metabolism
443(3)
9.4 Primary Sensory Signals and Secondary Mediators
446(1)
9.5 Control of Food Intake
446(21)
Peripheral Signals
447(4)
Central Signals: The Role of the Hypothalamus
451(4)
Hindbrain and Brain Stem
455(1)
Box 9.2 Cannabinoids and the "Munchies"
456(2)
Central Anabolic Effectors: Peptides That Promote Food Intake
458(2)
Central Catabolic Effectors: Peptides That Inhibit Food Intake
460(1)
Protein Hormones That Stop Food Intake
460(5)
Box 9.3 Comfort Food
465(1)
Other Factors That Influence Food Intake
466(1)
9.6 Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Food Intake, and Body Mass
467(6)
Estrogens and Progestins
467(3)
Androgens
470(1)
Inhibition of Reproduction to Maintain Energy Balance
471(1)
Specific Hungers
472(1)
9.7 Conclusions
473(4)
Summary
474(1)
Questions for Discussion
475(1)
Suggested Readings
475(2)
Chapter 10 Biological Rhythms
477(66)
Box 10.1 Jet Lag
478(3)
10.1 Exogenous versus Endogenous Control of Biological Clocks
481(1)
10.2 Types of Biological Clocks and Rhythms
482(11)
Examples of Biological Rhythms in Behavior
488(2)
Adaptive Function of Biological Clocks
490(3)
10.3 Circadian Clocks
493(16)
Localization and Characterization of Circadian Clocks
493(1)
Box 10.2 Effects of Light on Gene Transcription
494(2)
Molecular Mechanisms of Circadian Clocks
496(2)
SCN as Master Circadian Clock
498(5)
SCN Inputs and Outputs
503(6)
10.4 Circadian Rhythms, Hormones, and Behavior
509(7)
Effects of Hormones on the SCN
509(2)
Effects of the SCN on Hormones
511(3)
Circadian Regulation of Food Intake
514(2)
10.5 Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease
516(4)
Box 10.3 Effects of Artificial Light on the Circadian System
517(3)
10.6 Circannual and Seasonal Rhythms
520(19)
Ultimate and Proximate Factors Underlying Seasonality
522(1)
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Underlying Seasonality
522(2)
Timing Mechanisms
524(4)
Neural Mechanisms of Endogenous and Exogenous Seasonal Timekeeping
528(3)
Activational Aspects of Timing Mechanisms
531(8)
10.7 Conclusions
539(4)
Summary
540(1)
Questions for Discussion
541(1)
Suggested Readings
541(2)
Chapter 11 Stress
543(42)
11.1 Stress and Its Consequences
544(2)
11.2 The Stress Response
546(5)
What Is "Stress"?
549(1)
Box 11.1 Allostatic Load
549(2)
11.3 Physiological Effects of the Stress Response
551(4)
11.4 Pathological Effects of the Stress Response
555(5)
11.5 Factors That Affect Stress Responsiveness
560(9)
Perinatal Stress
560(4)
Box 11.2 Gut Check: Regulation of Stress by the Microbiome
564(2)
Social Influences
566(3)
11.6 Stress Effects on Reproductive Function
569(5)
Males
569(3)
Females
572(1)
Sex Differences
573(1)
Individual Differences
573(1)
11.7 Stress and Social Behavior
574(4)
Social Dominance
574(3)
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
577(1)
11.8 Psychological Factors in Stress and Coping
578(7)
Control
579(1)
Predictability
580(1)
Outlets for Frustration
580(1)
Habituation
581(1)
Summary
581(1)
Questions for Discussion
582(1)
Suggested Readings
583(2)
Chapter 12 Learning and Memory
585
12.1 Components of Learning and Memory
587(6)
Nonassociative Learning
587(1)
Associative Learning
588(3)
Memory
591(2)
12.2 The Effects of Hormones on Learning and Memory
593(15)
Epinephrine
593(6)
Insulin
599(3)
Glucocorticoids
602(6)
12.3 Sex Differences in Learning and Memory
608(9)
Sex Differences and Stress
609(3)
Box 12.1 Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Spatial Memory
612(1)
Effects of Estrogens
612(4)
Effects of Androgens
616(1)
12.4 Seasonal Fluctuations in Learning and Memory
617(12)
Vasopressin and Oxytocin
618(2)
Endogenous Opioids
620(3)
Cholecystokinin
623(1)
Summary
624(1)
Questions for Discussion
625(1)
Suggested Readings
626(1)
Hormones and Affective Disorders
627(2)
13.1 Androgens and Affective Disorders
629(8)
Box 13.1 Anabolic Steroids: An Edge That Cuts Two Ways
629(8)
13.2 Hormones and Eating Disorders
637(4)
Anorexia Nervosa
638(2)
Bulimia Nervosa
640(1)
13.3 Postpartum Depression
641(5)
13.4 Hormones and Depression
646(6)
Thyroid Hormones
646(1)
Growth Hormone and Prolactin
647(1)
Cortisol
647(3)
Estrogens
650(2)
13.5 Perimenstrual Syndrome
652(11)
The Social Context of PMS
652(2)
What Is PMS?
654(1)
Box 13.2 The DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
655(2)
Hormonal Correlates of PMS
657(4)
Cognitive Features of PMS
661(2)
13.6 Seasonal Affective Disorder
663
Summary
670(1)
Questions for Discussion
671(1)
Suggested Readings
672
Appendix 1(1)
Glossary 1(1)
References 1(1)
Index 1
Randy J. Nelson is a Distinguished University Professor and holds the Brumbaugh Chair in Brain Research and Teaching at The Ohio State University. He is Professor and Chair of the Department of Neuroscience and a member of the Institute for Behavioral Medicine at The Ohio State University Medical Center. He is the recipient of the Ohio State University Alumni Distinguished Teaching Award. Dr. Nelson earned his A.B. degree in Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and began his graduate career with work on canine behavioral sex differentiation under Dr. Frank Beach. After receiving his M.A. in Psychology, he began focusing on circadian rhythms and photoperiodism with Dr. Irving Zucker. He simultaneously earned a Ph.D. in Psychology and a Ph.D. in Endocrinology from the University of California, Berkeley, then went on to complete a postdoctoral fellowship in reproductive physiology at the Institute for Reproductive Biology at the University of Texas, Austin. Dr. Nelson served on

the faculty at The Johns Hopkins University for fifteen years before moving to Columbus. He has published over 400 research articles and several books describing studies in seasonality, behavioral endocrinology, biological rhythms, immune function, sex behavior, and aggressive behaviors. His current research focuses on the role of light at night in disrupting circadian organization of hormones, brain, and behavior.

Lance J. Kriegsfeld is Professor and Vice Chair in the Department of Psychology at The University of California, Berkeley. He also holds a joint appointment in The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at The University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Kriegsfeld earned his Ph.D. at The Johns Hopkins University investigating the neural mechanisms underlying the seasonal control of reproduction under Dr. Randy Nelson. Following his Ph.D., he then went on to complete a postdoctoral fellowship investigating circadian biology and behavior with Dr. Rae Silver at Columbia University. After

completing his postdoctoral fellowship, he joined the faculty at The University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Kriegsfeld has published over 100 research articles and a book covering topics in sexual differentiation, behavioral endocrinology, circadian biology, reproductive biology, behavioral genetics, immune function, and sex and aggressive behaviors. He is a recipient of the Frank A. Beach Award in Neuroendocrinology and the University of California Excellence in Postdoctoral Mentoring Award.