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E-grāmata: Introduction to CDMA Wireless Communications

(University of Plymouth, U.K.)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Sep-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc.(London) Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080550404
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Introduction to CDMA Wireless CommunicationsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Sep-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc.(London) Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080550404
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The book gives an in-depth study of the principles of the spread spectrum techniques and their applications in mobile communications. It starts with solid foundations in the digital communications that are essential to unequivocal understanding of the CDMA technology, and guides the reader through the fundamentals and characteristics of cellular CDMA communications.

Features include:

* A very clear and thorough description of the principles and applications of spread spectrum techniques in multi-user mobile communications.
* Matlab-based worked examples, exercises and practical sessions to clearly explain the theoretical concepts.
* An easy-to-read explanation of the air interface standards used in IS-95 A/B, cdma2000, and 3G WCDMA.
* Clear presentations of the high speed downlink and uplink packet access (HSDPA/HSUPA) techniques used in 3G WCDMA.

The book is a very suitable introduction to the principles of CDMA communications for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well researchers and engineers in industry who are looking to develop their expertise.

* A very clear and thorough description of the principles and applications of spread spectrum techniques in multi-user mobile communications.
* Matlab-based worked examples, exercises and practical sessions to clearly explain the theoretical concepts.
* An easy-to-read explanation of the air interface standards used in IS-95 A/B, cdma2000, and 3G WCDMA.
* Clear presentations of the high speed downlink and uplink packet access (HSDPA/HSUPA) techniques used in 3G WCDMA.

Papildus informācija

Presents the fundamental theory, analysis and applications of spread spectrum technology with emphasis on cellular wireless communications.
Preface xiii
Introduction
1(50)
Development of CDMA Wireless Communications
1(1)
Basic digital communication system
2(2)
Sources of noise
4(1)
Properties of the probability density functions
5(1)
Examples of probability distributions
6(8)
Uniform distribution
6(1)
Gaussian (normal) distribution
7(3)
Rayleigh and Rice distributions
10(3)
Binomial distribution
13(1)
Chi-square distribution
13(1)
Equivalent noise bandwidth
14(2)
Linear filtering of white noise
16(2)
White noise differentiation
16(1)
White noise integration
17(1)
Narrowband Gaussian noise
18(2)
Sinusoidal signal plus narrowband noise
20(1)
Fourier analysis
21(15)
Fourier series
21(1)
Fourier transform
22(1)
Fast Fourier transform
23(13)
Signals convolution
36(3)
Signals deconvolution
39(1)
Signals correlation
40(4)
Spectral density of discrete signals
44(4)
Summary
48(3)
Problems
48(1)
Bibliography
49(1)
Appendix 1.A
50(1)
Introduction to Digital Communications
51(102)
Introduction
51(1)
Review of digital transmission theory
52(27)
Data transmission codes
53(3)
General theory of digital transmission
56(6)
Statistical detection theory for binary transmission
62(3)
Optimum threshold voltage
65(1)
Polar data
65(1)
Unipolar data
65(1)
Minimum probability of error
65(2)
Principles of matched filtering
67(3)
Matched filter impulse response h(t)
70(3)
Probability of error at the output of matched filter
73(2)
Binary Nyquist pulse signalling
75(4)
Channel equalizing
79(14)
Linear equalizers
81(1)
Zero-forcing equalizers
81(4)
Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalizers
85(2)
Adaptive linear equalizers
87(4)
Non-linear equalizers
91(1)
Decision-feedback equalizers
91(2)
Digital modulation/demodulation schemes used in CDMA systems
93(10)
Quadrature/Offset Phase Shift Keying (QPSK/OQPSK) modulation system
93(10)
RAKE receivers
103(3)
Channel forward error correction coding
106(36)
The convolutional encoder
107(2)
Convolutional coding representation
109(4)
Viterbi decoding algorithm
113(5)
Probability of error using VA decoding
118(2)
Turbo encoding and decoding
120(1)
Turbo code construction
121(3)
Turbo code interleavers
124(1)
Turbo code tail-biting
125(4)
Turbo decoding
129(1)
The MAP algorithm
130(12)
Channel capacity
142(4)
Ideal communication system
146(1)
Summary
147(6)
Laboratory Sessions
148(1)
Laboratory session I: Matched filtering
148(1)
Laboratory session II: Signal equalization
149(1)
Problems
150(2)
References
152(1)
Fundamentals of Spread-Spectrum Techniques
153(42)
Historical background
153(1)
Benefits of spread-spectrum technology
154(2)
Avoiding interception
154(1)
Privacy of transmission
155(1)
Resistance to fading
155(1)
Accurate low power position finding
155(1)
Improved multiple access scheme
156(1)
Principles of spread-spectrum communications (Scholtz, 1977)
156(4)
Most common types of spread-spectrum systems
160(7)
DS-SS systems
161(3)
Frequency hopping spread-spectrum system
164(3)
Hybrid DS/FH systems
167(1)
Processing gain
167(2)
Correlation functions (Sarwate and Pursley, 1980)
169(17)
Periodic correlation function
169(4)
Aperiodic correlation function
173(3)
Even and odd cross-correlation function
176(4)
The Merit Factor (Golay, 1982)
180(1)
Interference rejection capability
181(5)
Performance of spread-spectrum systems (Pursley, 1977)
186(3)
Summary
189(6)
Laboratory session III: Introduction to spread-spectrum techniques
190(1)
Problems
191(2)
References
193(2)
Pseudo-Random Code Sequences for Spread-Spectrum Systems
195(58)
Introduction
195(1)
Basic Algebra concepts
196(2)
Arithmetic of binary polynomial
198(4)
Computing elements of GF(2m)
202(1)
Binary pseudo-random sequences
203(23)
Generation of binary pseudo-random sequences
203(8)
Maximal-length sequences (m-sequences)
211(2)
Decimation of m-sequences
213(3)
Summary of the sequences
216(1)
Preferred pairs of m-sequences
216(2)
Gold sequences
218(3)
Kasami sequences
221(1)
Walsh sequences
222(2)
Multi-rate orthogonal codes
224(2)
Complex sequences
226(23)
Quadriphase sequences
227(19)
Polyphase sequences
246(3)
Summary
249(4)
Problems
249(1)
References
250(3)
Time Synchronization of Spread-Spectrum Systems
253(84)
Introduction
253(2)
Code acquisition
255(3)
Optimum acquisition
255(1)
Sub-optimum acquisition system
255(2)
Search strategies
257(1)
Analysis of serial acquisition system in AWGN channel
258(15)
Statistical analysis of the mean and variance acquisition time for serial acquisition system
261(4)
The Doppler effect on code acquisition
265(4)
Probabilities of detection and false alarm
269(4)
Sequential detection acquisition system
273(4)
Matched filter acquisition system
277(4)
Effects of frequency errors on the acquisition detector performance
281(1)
Code tracking in AWGN channels
282(15)
Optimum code tracking
283(1)
Baseband early-late tracking loop
284(3)
Baseband early-late tracking loop in noiseless channels
287(1)
Baseband early-late tracking loop in AWGN channel
288(3)
Noncoherent early-late tracking loop
291(2)
Noncoherent early-late noiseless tracking loop
293(2)
Noncoherent early-late tracking loop in AWGN channel
295(2)
ι-Dither early-late noncoherent tracking loop
297(4)
Noncoherent ι-dither tracking loop in a noiseless channel
297(2)
Noncoherent ι-dither tracking loop in AWGN channel
299(2)
Time synchronization of spread-spectrum systems in mobile fading channels
301(20)
Code acquisition in fading channels
301(9)
Code tracking in fading channels
310(1)
Code tracking of a single user's code in multipath fading channels
311(6)
Multi-users code tracking in multipath channels
317(4)
Summary
321(16)
Problems
323(1)
References
324(2)
Appendix 5.A
326(5)
Appendix 5.B
331(6)
Cellular Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Principles
337(64)
Wideband mobile channel
338(12)
Propagation of radio waves
339(4)
Statistics of mobile radio channel
343(1)
Path losses
344(2)
Prediction of path loss
346(4)
The Cellular CDMA system
350(3)
The cellular concept
350(1)
The Near-Far effect
351(1)
Power control schemes
352(1)
Interference considerations
353(4)
Interference on the reverse link
353(1)
The inter cell interference (Heath and Newson, 1992; Newson, 1992; Viterbi et al., 1994)
354(3)
Interference on the forward link
357(1)
Single-user receiver in a multi-user channel
357(5)
The multi-user channel
357(2)
The conventional receiver
359(3)
Improed single-user receivers
362(8)
Introduction
362(2)
Modified conventional receivers schemes
364(6)
Adaptive single-user receivers
370(12)
The chip-rate linear adaptive receivers
372(2)
Fractionally spaced adaptive receivers
374(6)
Adaptive receiver for multipath fading channel
380(2)
CDMA system capacity
382(7)
Single cell capacity with ideal power control
382(5)
Single cell capacity improvement methods (Gilhousen et al., 1991)
387(2)
Capacity of cellular CDMA system
389(1)
Capacity of the uplink (reverse link)
389(1)
System Link Outage
390(4)
Uplink outage
390(2)
Downlink (forward link) outage
392(2)
Effects of power control errors on link capacity (Leung, 1996; Viterbi et al., 1993; Wang and Yu, 2001)
394(1)
Power control errors in the uplink
394(1)
Pilot signal interference on the down link
394(1)
Call blocking probability on the uplink
395(1)
Summary
396(5)
Problems
397(1)
References
398(3)
Multi-User Detection in CDMA Cellular Radio
401(72)
Introduction
401(1)
Optimal multi-user CDMA detection
402(14)
Optimum synchronous detector
405(6)
Optimum asynchronous detector
411(5)
Linear sub-optimal detectors
416(7)
Decorrelator detector
416(4)
Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection
420(3)
Interference combat schemes
423(30)
Smart antennas
424(3)
Space diversity algorithms (Alamouti, 1998)
427(1)
Single antenna at transmitter - two antennas at the receiver
427(1)
Alamouti's algorithm for two antennas at transmitter - single antenna at the receiver
428(2)
Alamouti's algorithm for two antennas at transmitter - two antennas at the receiver
430(3)
The analysis of baseband MIMO channel
433(1)
The capacity of MIMO channel
434(3)
Beam forming techniques
437(1)
Basic beam forming system
437(2)
Beam forming schemes
439(3)
Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) Architectures
442(1)
The D-BLAST transmission algorithm
443(4)
V-BLAST detection algorithm
447(3)
Turbo-BLAST system
450(3)
Interference Cancellation (IC) Techniques
453(10)
Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)
454(3)
Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC)
457(1)
Hybrid successive and parallel cancellation
458(3)
Iterative (Turbo) interference cancellation
461(2)
Summary
463(10)
Problems
465(3)
References
468(1)
Appendix 7.A
469(4)
CDMA Wireless Communication Standards
473(127)
Introduction
473(2)
IS-95A standard
475(1)
IS-95A Forward link channels (IS-95)
475(21)
Pilot channel
477(2)
Sync channel
479(6)
Paging channel
485(4)
Traffic channel frame structure
489(2)
Traffic channel signal processing
491(3)
Traffic channel signalling
494(2)
IS-95A Reverse link channels
496(8)
Traffic channel coding
497(1)
Reverse link long code masking
498(1)
Reverse link interleaving
498(3)
Link power control
501(1)
Traffic channel modulation
502(1)
Link frame structures
503(1)
Traffic channel preamble
503(1)
Signalling on the reverse Traffic channel
504(1)
IS-95A Mobility issues
504(2)
IS-95A Registration
504(1)
Handoff procedures
505(1)
Evolution of IS-95A standards to IS-95B (Kumar and Nanda, 1999)
506(3)
Burst-mode high rate data
507(1)
MAC sub-layer protocol services
508(1)
IS-95B system performance trade-offs
508(1)
cdma2000 standards (IS-2000; Kinsely et al., 1998)
509(41)
Introduction
509(2)
The physical channels
511(1)
The spreading chip rates
512(1)
The reverse link radio configurations
513(1)
The long code generator
513(2)
Baseband filtering
515(1)
Reverse link frames
515(1)
The fundamental channel
516(1)
Supplemental code channel (RC3-RC6)
516(1)
Supplemental code channel (RC1-RC2)
517(1)
Pilot channel gating
517(1)
Dedicated control channel
517(1)
Common control channel
518(1)
Enhanced access channel
519(1)
Access channel
519(1)
Complex spreading and modulation system
520(2)
Reverse link channels' headers
522(1)
Error correction coding in the reverse channels
522(1)
Reverse channels block Interleaving
523(1)
Forward channels' headers
524(2)
Transmit diversity over forward link
526(2)
MC mode cdma2000 modulation and spreading the forward channels
528(2)
cdma2000 Revisions
530(1)
cdma2000 Rev. 0 (Bi, 2005)
531(4)
cdma2000 Rev. A (Bhushan, 2006; Yavus, 2006; 3GPP2 C.S0024-A, 2004)
535(2)
cdma2000 Rev. B (3GPP2 C.S0024-B, 2006)
537(7)
cdma2000 Rev. C (3GPP2 C.S0002-C, 2004)
544(2)
cdma2000 Rev. D (3GPP2 C.S0002-D, 2004)
546(4)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Services (UMTS) (3GPP TS25.215, 2002; 3GPP TS25.301, 2002; 3GPP TS25.215, 2002)
550(12)
Basic system architecture
551(2)
Access network UTRAN
553(1)
Core network CN
554(3)
Physical layer channels
557(1)
Logical channels
558(1)
Transport channels
559(1)
Physical channels
560(2)
Physical channels spreading and frame structures (3GPP TS25.215, 2002)
562(6)
Reverse link dedicated physical data/control channels
562(2)
Orthogonal variable spreading factor and scrambling codes
564(1)
Reverse link physical common packet channels
565(2)
Physical random access channel
567(1)
Forward link physical channels (3GPP TS25.211, 2002)
568(7)
Dedicated forward link physical channels
568(2)
Common pilot channel
570(1)
Synchronization channel
570(1)
Primary common control physical channel
571(1)
Secondary common control physical channel
572(1)
Physical downlink shared channel
572(1)
Paging indicator channel
572(2)
Acquisition indicator channel
574(1)
Rate matching (3GPP TS25.212, 2002)
575(1)
Packet transmission summary
576(1)
Physical channels carrier modulation
576(1)
Service multiplexing on the reverse link physical channels
576(2)
Forward link multiplexing
578(1)
Power control in UTRAN FDD (3GPP TS25.214, 2002)
579(3)
Reverse link power control
580(1)
Forward link power control
581(1)
Mobility procedures in UMTS
582(1)
Handoff procedures
582(1)
Location management procedures
583(1)
Evolution of the WCDMA standard
583(1)
High-speed downlink packet access (Holma and Toskala, 2005; Kaaranen et al., 2005; 3GPP TR25.858, 2002)
583(7)
HSDPA concept
585(1)
HSDPA channels
586(2)
HSDPA protocol architecture
588(1)
HSDPA algorithm
589(1)
High-speed uplink packet access (3GPP TS25.896, 2004)
590(8)
UTRAN architecture with HSUPA protocol (3GPP TS25.309, 2006)
591(1)
The HSUPA concept
592(1)
HSUPA algorithm
593(2)
HSUPA physical channels
595(1)
E-DCH spreading and modulation (3GPP TS25.213, 2006)
595(3)
Summary
598(1)
List of Standards
599(1)
3G Project Partner Specifications
599(1)
References 600(2)
Appendix 8.A 602(2)
Appendix 8.B 604(3)
Index 607


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