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Introduction to Geography 14th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 277x229x18 mm, weight: 987 g, 479 Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Nov-2013
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • ISBN-10: 0073522880
  • ISBN-13: 9780073522883
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Introduction to Geography 14th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 277x229x18 mm, weight: 987 g, 479 Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Nov-2013
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • ISBN-10: 0073522880
  • ISBN-13: 9780073522883
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780073522883.html
Keywords:
Getis Introduction to Geography 14e is written to clearly and concisely convey the nature of the field of geography, its intellectual challenges, and the logical interconnections of its parts. Even if students take no further work in geography, they will have come into contact with the richness and breadth of Geography and have new insights and understandings for their present and future roles as informed adults. This new edition provides students content and scope of the subfields of geography, emphasize its unifying themes, and provide the foundation for further work in their areas of interest.

A useful textbook must be flexible enough in its organization to permit an instructor to adapt it to the time and subject matter constraints of a particular course. Although Getis Introduction to Geography is designed with a one-quarter or one-semester course in mind, this text may be used in a full-year introduction to geography when employed as a point of departure for special topics and amplifications introduced by the instructor or when supplemented by additional readings and class projects.

Preface x
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 What is Geography?
3(1)
1.2 Evolution of the Discipline
3(2)
Subfields of Geography
5(1)
Why Geography Matters
5(1)
1.3 Some Core Geographic Concepts
5(12)
Location, Direction, and Distance
6(3)
Size and Scale
9(1)
Physical and Cultural Attributes
9(1)
Attributes of Place Are Always Changing
10(2)
Interrelations between Places
12(1)
Place Similarity and Regions
13(4)
1.4 Geography's Themes and Standards
17(1)
1.5 Organization of This Book
17(2)
Key Words
18(1)
Thinking Geographically
18(1)
Chapter 2 Techniques of Geographic Analysis
19(26)
2.1 Maps as the Tools of Geography
20(1)
2.2 Locating Points on a Sphere
21(2)
The Geographic Grid
21(2)
Land Survey Systems
23(1)
2.3 Map Projections
23(4)
Area
23(1)
Shape
23(3)
Distance
26(1)
Direction
26(1)
2.4 Scale
27(1)
2.5 Types of Maps
27(7)
Topographic Maps and Terrain Representation
27(3)
Thematic Maps and Data Representation
30(3)
Map Misuse
33(1)
2.6 Contemporary Spatial Technologies
34(6)
Remote Sensing
34(3)
The Global Positioning System
37(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Civilian Spy Satellites
39(1)
Virtual and Interactive Maps
39(1)
2.7 Integrating Technology: Geographic Information Systems
40(5)
Geography & Public Policy: An Invasion of Privacy?
41(1)
The Geographic Database
41(1)
Applications of GIS
42(1)
Systems, Maps, and Models
42(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
44(1)
Key Words
44(1)
Thinking Geographically
44(1)
Chapter 3 Physical Geography: Landforms
45(29)
3.1 Earth Materials
46(2)
Igneous Rocks
46(1)
Sedimentary Rocks
47(1)
Metamorphic Rocks
47(1)
3.2 Geologic Time
48(1)
3.3 Movements of the Continents
48(4)
3.4 Tectonic Forces
52(4)
Diastrophism
52(3)
Volcanism
55(1)
3.5 Gradational Processes
56(14)
Weathering
56(3)
Mass Movement
59(1)
Erosional Agents and Deposition
59(11)
3.6 Landform Regions
70(4)
Geography & Public Policy: Beaches on the Brink
71(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
73(1)
Key Words
73(1)
Thinking Geographically
73(1)
Chapter 4 Physical Geography: Weather and Climate
74(36)
4.1 Air Temperature
76(5)
Earth Inclination
76(2)
Reflection and Reradiation
78(2)
Lapse Rate
80(1)
4.2 Air Pressure and Winds
81(4)
Pressure Gradient Force
81(1)
The Convection System
82(1)
Land and Sea Breezes
82(1)
Mountain and Valley Breezes
82(1)
The Coriolis Effect
82(1)
The Frictional Effect
83(1)
The Global Air-Circulation Pattern
84(1)
4.3 Ocean Currents
85(1)
4.4 Moisture in the Atmosphere
86(7)
Types of Precipitation
87(3)
Storms
90(3)
4.5 Climate Regions
93(11)
Tropical Climates (A)
96(1)
Dryland Climates (B)
97(2)
Humid Midlatitude Climates (C)
99(3)
Humid Continental Climates (D)
102(1)
Arctic Climates (E)
103(1)
Highland Climates (H)
104(1)
4.6 Climate Change
104(6)
Long-Term Climate Change
105(1)
Short-Term Climate Change
105(1)
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
106(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
108(1)
Key Words
108(1)
Thinking Geographically
108(2)
Chapter 5 Population Geography
110(31)
5.1 Population Growth
111(2)
5.2 Population Definitions
113(12)
Birth Rates
113(1)
Fertility Rates
114(3)
Death Rates
117(3)
Population Pyramids
120(3)
Natural Increase and Doubling Times
123(2)
5.3 The Demographic Transition
125(5)
The Western Experience
126(1)
A Divided World, A Converging World
127(2)
Geography & Public Policy: International Population Policies
129(1)
5.4 The Demographic Equation
130(1)
Population Relocation
130(1)
Immigration Impacts
131(1)
5.5 World Population Distribution
131(4)
Population Density
133(1)
Overpopulation?
134(1)
5.6 Population Data and Projections
135(1)
Population Data
135(1)
Population Projections
136(1)
5.7 Population Controls
136(2)
5.8 Population Prospects
138(3)
Momentum
138(1)
Aging
138(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
139(1)
Key Words
140(1)
Thinking Geographically
140(1)
Chapter 6 Cultural Geography
141(44)
6.1 Components of Culture
143(1)
6.2 Subsystems of Culture
144(5)
The Technological Subsystem
144(2)
The Sociological Subsystem
146(2)
The Ideological Subsystem
148(1)
6.3 Interaction of People and Environment
149(2)
Environments as Controls
150(1)
Human Impacts
151(1)
6.4 Culture Change
151(5)
Innovation
152(2)
Diffusion
154(1)
Acculturation
155(1)
6.5 Cultural Diversity
156(1)
6.6 Language
157(8)
Language Spread and Change
158(1)
Standard and Variant Languages
159(2)
Language and Culture
161(4)
6.7 Religion
165(13)
Classification and Distribution of Religions
166(2)
Geography & Public Policy: An Official U.S. Language?
168(1)
The Principal Religions
169(9)
6.8 Ethnicity
178(2)
6.9 Gender and Culture
180(3)
6.10 Other Aspects of Diversity
183(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
184(1)
Key Words
184(1)
Thinking Geographically
184(1)
Chapter 7 Human Interaction
185(29)
7.1 The Definition of Human Interaction
186(1)
7.2 Distance and Human Interaction
187(2)
7.3 Barriers to Interaction
189(1)
7.4 Human Interaction and Innovation
189(1)
7.5 Individual Activity Space
189(4)
Stage in Life
192(1)
Mobility
192(1)
Opportunities
193(1)
7.6 Diffusion and Innovation
193(2)
Contagious Diffusion
193(2)
Hierarchical Diffusion
195(1)
7.7 Human Interaction and Technology
195(2)
Automobiles
196(1)
Telecommunications
196(1)
7.8 Migration
197(12)
Types of Migration
197(3)
Incentives to Migrate
200(4)
Barriers to Migration
204(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Broken Borders
206(1)
Patterns of Migration
207(2)
7.9 Globalization, Integration, and Interaction
209(5)
Economic Integration
209(3)
Political Integration
212(1)
Cultural Integration
212(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
213(1)
Key Words
213(1)
Thinking Geographically
213(1)
Chapter 8 Political Geography
214(35)
8.1 National Political Systems
215(21)
States, Nations, and Nation-States
216(1)
Evolution of the Modern State
217(2)
Challenges to the State
219(1)
Geographic Characteristics of States
220(4)
Boundaries: The Limits of the State
224(6)
Centripetal Forces: Promoting State Cohesion
230(2)
Centrifugal Forces: Challenges to State Authority
232(4)
8.2 Cooperation Among States
236(5)
Supranationalism
236(1)
The United Nations and Its Agencies
237(2)
Regional Alliances
239(2)
8.3 Local and Regional Political Organization
241(8)
The Geography of Representation: The Districting Problem
242(2)
The Fragmentation of Political Power
244(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Environmental Justice
246(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
247(1)
Key Words
248(1)
Thinking Geographically
248(1)
Chapter 9 Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities
249(28)
9.1 The Classification of Economic Activity and Economies
250(5)
Categories of Activity
250(2)
Types of Economic Systems
252(1)
Stages of Development
253(2)
9.2 Primary Activities: Agriculture
255(15)
Subsistence Agriculture
257(5)
Expanding Crop Production
262(1)
Commercial Agriculture
263(7)
9.3 Other Primary Activities
270(5)
Fishing
270(2)
Forestry
272(1)
Mining and Quarrying
272(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Public Land, Private Profit
274(1)
9.4 Trade in Primary Products
275(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
276(1)
Key Words
276(1)
Thinking Geographically
276(1)
Chapter 10 Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services
277(24)
10.1 Industrial Location Theory
278(7)
Weber's Least-Cost Industrial Location Model
279(3)
Other Locational Considerations
282(3)
10.2 World Manufacturing Patterns and Trends
285(1)
10.3 High-Tech Innovation
286(3)
10.4 Transnational Corporations
289(1)
10.5 Tertiary Activities
290(3)
Types of Service Activities
292(1)
Locational Interdependence Theory for Services
292(1)
10.6 Consumer Services
293(3)
Tourism
293(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Contests and Bribery
295(1)
Gambling
295(1)
10.7 Business Services
296(5)
Summary of Key Concepts
299(1)
Key Words
299(1)
Thinking Geographically
300(1)
Chapter 11 An Urban World
301(36)
11.1 An Urbanizing World
303(1)
11.2 Origins and Evolution of Cities
304(5)
Defining the City Today
305(1)
The Location of Urban Settlements
306(2)
The Economic Base
308(1)
11.3 Functions of Cities
309(2)
Cities as Central Markets
309(1)
Cities as Centers of Production and Services
309(2)
Cities as Centers of Administration and Institutions
311(1)
11.4 Systems of Cities
311(2)
The Urban Hierarchy
311(1)
Rank-Size Relationships
312(1)
World Cities
313(1)
11.5 Inside The City
313(13)
Classic Patterns of Land Use
314(3)
Changes in Urban Form
317(5)
Geography & Public Policy: The Homeless
322(2)
Social Areas of Cities
324(2)
Institutional Controls
326(1)
11.6 Global Urban Diversity
326(11)
Western European Cities
327(1)
Eastern European Cities
328(1)
Rapidly Growing Cities in the Developing World
329(6)
Summary of Key Concepts
335(1)
Key Words
335(1)
Thinking Geographically
335(2)
Chapter 12 The Geography of Natural Resources
337(40)
12.1 Resource Terminology
339(1)
Renewable Resources
339(1)
Nonrenewable Resources
339(1)
Resource Reserves
340(1)
12.2 Energy Resources and Industrialization
340(1)
12.3 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
341(11)
Crude Oil
342(2)
Coal
344(1)
Natural Gas
345(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Fuel Economy and CAFE Standards
346(3)
Oil Shale and Oil Sands
349(1)
Nuclear Energy
350(2)
12.4 Renewable Energy Resources
352(5)
Biomass Fuels
352(1)
Hydropower
353(1)
Solar Energy
354(1)
Other Renewable Energy Resource
355(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Dammed Trouble
356(1)
12.5 Nonfuel Mineral Resources
357(6)
The Distribution of Nonfuel Minerals
361(1)
Copper: A Case Study
361(2)
12.6 Land Resources
363(11)
Soils
363(3)
Wetlands
366(2)
Forest Resources
368(6)
12.7 Resource Management
374(3)
Summary of Key Concepts
375(1)
Key Words
375(1)
Thinking Geographically
376(1)
Chapter 13 Human Impact on the Environment
377(36)
13.1 Ecosystems
379(1)
13.2 Impacts on Water
380(9)
Availability of Water
381(1)
Modification of Streams
382(1)
Water Quality
383(2)
Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution
385(1)
Other Sources of Water Pollution
386(2)
Controlling Water Pollution
388(1)
13.3 Impacts on Air
389(7)
Air Pollutants
389(1)
Factors Affecting Air Pollution
390(1)
Acid Rain
391(1)
Photochemical Smog
392(2)
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
394(1)
Controlling Air Pollution
394(2)
13.4 Impacts on Landforms
396(2)
Landforms Produced by Excavation
396(1)
Landforms Produced by Dumping
397(1)
Subsidence
398(1)
13.5 Impacts on Plants and Animals
398(8)
Habitat Loss or Alteration
399(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Mountaintop Removal: Good or Bad?
400(1)
Hunting and Commercial Exploitation
401(1)
Introduction of Exotic Species
402(2)
Poisoning and Contamination
404(1)
Preserving Biodiversity
405(1)
13.6 Waste Disposal
406(7)
Municipal Waste
406(4)
Geography & Public Policy: Yucca Mountain
410(1)
Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
410(3)
Summary of Key Concepts 413(1)
Key Words 414(1)
Thinking Geographically 414(413)
Appendices 1(1)
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1
Arthur Getis is a retired professor from San Diego State University, San Diego.





Mark Bjelland is a professor at Gustavus Adolphus College.