| Preface |
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xi | |
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1 | (20) |
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2 | (2) |
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Evolution of the Discipline |
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4 | (2) |
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Some Core Geographic Concepts |
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6 | (9) |
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Location, Direction, and Distance |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Physical and Cultural Attributes |
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10 | (2) |
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Attributes of Place Are Always Changing |
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12 | (1) |
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Interrelations between Places |
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12 | (2) |
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Place Similarity and Regions |
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14 | (1) |
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Geography's Themes and Standards |
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15 | (2) |
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Organization of This Book |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (33) |
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Locating Points on a Sphere: The Grid System |
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22 | (4) |
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26 | (6) |
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Properties of Map Projections |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (8) |
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Topographic Maps and Terrain Representation |
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34 | (3) |
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Thematic Maps and Data Representation |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (4) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (3) |
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Geographic Information Systems |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
| PART ONE The Earth Science Tradition |
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54 | (128) |
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Physical Geography: Landforms |
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57 | (34) |
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58 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Movements of the Continents |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (6) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (15) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Erosional Agents and Deposition |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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Waves, Currents, and Coastal Landforms |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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Physical Geography: Weather and Climate |
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91 | (48) |
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93 | (3) |
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93 | (2) |
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Reflection and Reradiation |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (7) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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The Global Air-Circulation Pattern |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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Moisture in the Atmosphere |
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104 | (8) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (4) |
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112 | (6) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Soil Profiles and Horizons |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Natural Vegetation and Climate |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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Natural Vegetation Regions |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (15) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Midlatitude Deserts and Semideserts |
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126 | (1) |
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The Humid Midlatitude Climates |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Humid Subtropical Climate |
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128 | (1) |
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Marine West Coast Climate |
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129 | (2) |
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Humid Continental Climate |
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131 | (1) |
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Subarctic and Arctic Climates |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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Human Impact on the Environment |
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139 | (43) |
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141 | (1) |
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Food Chains and Renewal Cycles |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (8) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Other Sources of Water Pollution |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Municipalities and Residences |
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149 | (1) |
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Controlling Water Pollution |
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150 | (1) |
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Impact on Air and Climate |
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150 | (10) |
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150 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Air Pollution |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Depletion of the Ozone Layer |
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154 | (2) |
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The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming |
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156 | (3) |
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Controlling Air Pollution |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (7) |
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Landforms Produced by Excavation |
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160 | (1) |
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Landforms Produced by Dumping |
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161 | (1) |
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Formation of Surface Depressions |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (5) |
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Impact on Plants and Animals |
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167 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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Hunting and Commercial Exploitation |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Poisoning and Contamination |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (7) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Source Reduction and Recycling |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (3) |
| PART TWO The Culture--Environment Tradition |
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182 | (168) |
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185 | (40) |
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186 | (2) |
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Some Population Definitions |
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188 | (15) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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The Demographic Transition |
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203 | (5) |
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204 | (1) |
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A Divided World Converging |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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World Population Distribution |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (5) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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Population Data and Projections |
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217 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (54) |
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226 | (2) |
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Interaction of People and Environment |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (8) |
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The Technological Subsystem |
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230 | (3) |
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The Sociological Subsystem |
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233 | (2) |
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The Ideological Subsystem |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (7) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (11) |
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Language Spread and Change |
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249 | (1) |
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Standard and Variant Languages |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (12) |
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Classification and Distribution of Religions |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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East Asian Ethnic Religions |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (4) |
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272 | (2) |
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Other Aspects of Diversity |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (30) |
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The Definition of Spatial Interaction |
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281 | (1) |
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Distance and Spatial Interaction |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Spatial Interaction and Innovation |
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282 | (1) |
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Individual Activity Space |
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283 | (4) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (3) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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Spatial Interaction and Technology |
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290 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (10) |
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294 | (6) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (5) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Transnational Corporations |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (41) |
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National Political Systems |
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311 | (23) |
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States, Nations, and Nation-States |
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312 | (1) |
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The Evolution of the Modern State |
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313 | (1) |
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Geographic Characteristics of States |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (3) |
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319 | (1) |
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Boundaries: The Limits of the State |
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320 | (1) |
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Natural and Artificial Boundaries |
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321 | (1) |
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Boundaries Classified by Settlement |
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321 | (1) |
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Boundaries as Sources of Conflict |
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322 | (4) |
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Centripetal Forces: Promoting State Cohesion |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Organization and Administration |
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327 | (2) |
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Transportation and Communication |
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329 | (1) |
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Centrifugal Forces: Challenges to State Authority |
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329 | (5) |
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334 | (6) |
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334 | (1) |
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The United Nations and Its Agencies |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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An International Law of the Sea |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (2) |
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Military and Political Alliances |
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340 | (1) |
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Local and Regional Political Organization |
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340 | (7) |
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The Geography of Representation: The Districting Problem |
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342 | (1) |
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The Fragmentation of Political Power |
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343 | (4) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
| PART THREE The Locational Tradition |
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350 | (138) |
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353 | (46) |
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The Classification of Economic Activity and Economies |
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354 | (3) |
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355 | (1) |
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Types of Economic Systems |
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356 | (1) |
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Primary Activities: Agriculture |
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357 | (16) |
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360 | (1) |
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Extensive Subsistence Agriculture |
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360 | (2) |
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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A Model of Agricultural Location |
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366 | (2) |
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Intensive Commercial Agriculture |
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368 | (3) |
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Extensive Commercial Agriculture |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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Agriculture in Planned Economies |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (2) |
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Trade in Primary Products |
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375 | (4) |
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Secondary Activities: Manufacturing |
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379 | (12) |
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Industrial Locational Models |
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379 | (1) |
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Other Locational Considerations |
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380 | (1) |
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Transport Characteristics |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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Just-in-Time and Flexible Production |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Transnational Corporations (TNCs) |
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385 | (1) |
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World Manufacturing Patterns and Trends |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (3) |
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391 | (3) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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The Geography of Natural Resources |
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399 | (44) |
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401 | (2) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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Energy Resources and Industrialization |
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403 | (1) |
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Nonrenewable Energy Resources |
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403 | (11) |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (3) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (4) |
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414 | (1) |
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Renewable Energy Resources |
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414 | (6) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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Other Renewable Energy Resources |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (3) |
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420 | (1) |
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Nonfuel Mineral Resources |
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420 | (5) |
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The Distribution of Resources |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (5) |
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Expansion of Cultivated Areas |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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Increasing Fish Consumption |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (8) |
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430 | (4) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (3) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (45) |
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The Functions of Urban Areas |
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446 | (5) |
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448 | (3) |
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The Location of Urban Settlements |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (3) |
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Systems of Urban Settlements |
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455 | (5) |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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Towns in Agricultural Areas |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (8) |
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The Competitive Bidding for Land |
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460 | (2) |
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Land Values and Population Density |
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462 | (1) |
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Models of Urban Land Use Structure |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (1) |
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Suburbanization in the United States |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (7) |
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Constricted Central Cities |
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470 | (5) |
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475 | (2) |
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477 | (8) |
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The United States and Canadian City |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (1) |
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Cities in the Developing World |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (3) |
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The Asian and African City |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (1) |
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For Review and Consideration |
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486 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (2) |
| PART FOUR The Area Analysis Tradition |
|
488 | (23) |
|
|
|
491 | (20) |
|
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
The Structure of This
Chapter |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Part I: Regions in the Earth Science Tradition |
|
|
494 | (4) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Dynamic Regions in Weather and Climate |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Part II: Regions in the Culture--Environment Tradition |
|
|
498 | (6) |
|
Population as Regional Focus |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
Part III: Regions in the Locational Tradition |
|
|
504 | (6) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
|
|
507 | (3) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
For Review and Consideration |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
| Appendix |
|
511 | (7) |
| Glossary |
|
518 | (12) |
| Index |
|
530 | |
