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Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling Second Edition 2006 [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 320 pages, height x width: 235x156 mm, weight: 1420 g, X, 320 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library 35
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2006
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 0387302549
  • ISBN-13: 9780387302546
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Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling Second Edition 2006Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 320 pages, height x width: 235x156 mm, weight: 1420 g, X, 320 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library 35
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2006
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 0387302549
  • ISBN-13: 9780387302546
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780387302546.html
Keywords:
This is an introductory textbook on global spectral modeling designed for senior-level undergraduates and possibly for first-year graduate students. This text starts with an introduction to elementary finite-difference methods and moves on towards the gradual description of sophisticated dynamical and physical models in spherical coordinates. Computational aspects of the spectral transform method, the planetary boundary layer physics, the physics of precipitation processes in large-scale models, the radiative transfer including effects of diagnostic clouds and diurnal cycle, the surface energy balance over land and ocean, and the treatment of mountains are some issues that are addressed. The topic of model initialization includes the treatment of normal modes and physical processes. A concluding chapter covers the spectral energetics as a diagnostic tool for model evaluation. This revised second edition of the text also includes three additional chapters. Chapter 11 deals with the formulation of a regional spectral model for mesoscale modeling which uses a double Fourier expansion of data and model equations for its transform. Chapter 12 deals with ensemble modeling. This is a new and important area for numerical weather and climate prediction. Finally, yet another new area that has to do with adaptive observational strategies is included as Chapter 13. It foretells where data deficiencies may reside in model from an exploratory ensemble run of experiments and the spread of such forecasts.

Recenzijas

James Russell Carr in Mathematical Geology, Vol. 31, No. 8, 1999 on the book's first edition:



 



In summary, the mathematical treatment is quite intense and demands patience of readers, at least in the case of this one. But if at all intrigued by how sophisticated weather forecasting has become (certainly strom forecasting) then a reader will find this book not only interesting, but thorough enough to enable model development if that is a goal. Problems are presneted at the end of each chapter, so this book can be used as a texct in the class room. Reserachers involved in the modeling of turbulence, ocean systems and tectonic systems may also value the presentation of this book.

Preface v
1 Introduction
1(3)
2 An Introduction to Finite Differencing
4(36)
2.1 Introduction
4(1)
2.2 Application of Taylor's Series to Finite Differencing
5(1)
2.3 Forward and Backward Differencing
6(1)
2.4 Centered Finite Differencing
7(1)
2.5 Fourth-Order Accurate Formulas
8(3)
2.6 Second-Order Accurate Laplacian
11(4)
2.7 Fourth-Order Accurate Laplacian
15(4)
2.8 Elliptic Partial Differential Equation in Meteorology
19(1)
2.9 Direct Method
19(4)
2.10 Relaxation Method
23(4)
2.11 Sequential Relaxation Versus Simultaneous Relaxation
27(2)
2.12 Advective Nonlinear Dynamics
29(4)
2.13 The 5-Point Jacobian
33(1)
2.14 Arakawa Jacobian
33(6)
2.15 Exercises
39(1)
3 Time-Differencing Schemes
40(20)
3.1 Introduction
40(1)
3.2 Amplification Factor
40(3)
3.3 Stability
43(11)
3.4 Shallow-Water Model
54(6)
4 What Is a Spectral Model?
60(5)
4.1 Introduction
60(1)
4.2 The Galerkin Method
60(3)
4.3 A Meteorological Application
63(1)
4.4 Exercises
64(1)
5 Lower-Order Spectral Model
65(11)
5.1 Introduction
65(1)
5.2 Maximum Simplification
66(2)
5.3 Conservation of Mean-Square Vorticity and Mean Kinetic Energy
68(3)
5.4 Energy Transformations
71(1)
5.5 Mapping the Solution
72(1)
5.6 An Example of Chaos
73(1)
5.7 Exercises
74(2)
6 Mathematical Aspects of Spectral Models
76(36)
6.1 Introduction
76(3)
6.2 Legendre Equation and Associated Legendre Equation
79(3)
6.3 Laplace's Equation
82(1)
6.4 Orthogonality Properties
83(4)
6.5 Recurrence Relations
87(2)
6.6 Gaussian Quadrature
89(6)
6.7 Spectral Representation of Physical Fields
95(5)
6.8 Barotropic Spectral Model on a Sphere
100(4)
6.9 Shallow-Water Spectral Model
104(4)
6.10 Semi-implicit Shallow-Water Spectral Model
108(2)
6.11 Inclusion of Bottom Topography
110(1)
6.12 Exercises
110(2)
7 Multilevel Global Spectral Model
112(34)
7.1 Introduction
112(1)
7.2 Truncation in a Spectral Model
112(3)
7.3 Aliasing
115(1)
7.4 Transform Method
115(4)
7.5 The x-y-σ Coordinate System
119(7)
7.6 A Closed System of Equations in σ Coordinates on a Sphere
126(10)
7.7 Spectral Form of the Primitive Equations
136(6)
7.8 Examples
142(4)
8 Physical Processes
146(46)
8.1 Introduction
146(1)
8.2 The Planetary Boundary Layer
146(9)
8.3 Cumulus Parameterization
155(12)
8.4 Large-Scale Condensation
167(6)
8.5 Parameterization of Radiative Processes
173(19)
9 Initialization Procedures
192(21)
9.1 Introduction
192(1)
9.2 Normal Mode Initialization
192(10)
9.3 Physical Initialization
202(8)
9.4 Initialization of the Earth's Radiation Budget
210(3)
10 Spectral Energetics 213(39)
10.1 Introduction
213(1)
10.2 Energy Equations on a Sphere
213(15)
10.3 Energy Equations in Wavenumber Domain
228(13)
10.4 Energy Equations in Two-Dimensional Wavenumber Domain
241(11)
11 Limited Area Spectral Model 252(11)
11.1 Introduction
252(1)
11.2 Map Projection
253(1)
11.3 Model Equations
254(4)
11.4 Orography and Lateral Boundary Relaxation
258(1)
11.5 Spectral Representation and Lateral Boundary Conditions
258(1)
11.6 Spectral Truncation
259(1)
11.7 Model Physics and Vertical Structure
260(1)
11.8 Regional Model Forecast Procedure
261(2)
12 Ensemble Forecasting 263(32)
12.1 Introduction
263(1)
12.2 Monte Carlo Method
263(2)
12.3 National Center for Environmental Prediction Method
265(3)
12.4 Florida State University Method
268(5)
12.5 European Center for Medium Range Forecasts Method
273(4)
12.6 Superensemble Methodology and Results
277(18)
13 Adaptive Observational Strategies 295(8)
13.1 Introduction
295(1)
13.2 Techniques for Targeted Observations
296(7)
Appendix A 303(1)
Appendix B 304(1)
References 305(8)
Index 313


T.N. Krishnamurti is professor of meteorology at Florida State University. He obtained his PhD in 1959 at the University of Chicago. His research interests are in the following areas: high resolution hurricane forecast (tracks, landfall, and intensity), monsoon forecasts on short, medium range, and monthly time scale and studies of interseasonal and interannual variability of the tropical atmosphere. As a participant in the meteorology team in tropical field projects, he has been responsible for the acquisition and analysis of meteorological data, which extends over most of the tropical atmosphere over several years and is now being assembled and analyzed. These data are unique; it is unlikely that a meteorological data record will be available for decades. Phenomenological interests include hurricanes, monsoons, jet streams, and the meteorology of arid zones.



H.S. Bedi is affiliated with Florida State University.



V.M. Hardiker is a research associate at Florida State University.



L. Ramaswamy is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Meteorology at Florida State University.