Preface |
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xi | |
Table of Cases |
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xiv | |
Table of Treaties and other International Instruments |
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xxxviii | |
Table of Abbreviations |
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lxiv | |
Part A: Introduction |
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1 | (40) |
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1 Introduction: What is International Criminal Law? |
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3 | (19) |
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1.1 International criminal law |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 Other concepts of international criminal law |
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5 | (4) |
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1.3 Sources of international criminal law |
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9 | (4) |
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1.4 International criminal law and other areas of law |
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13 | (3) |
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1.5 A body of criminal law |
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16 | (6) |
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2 The Objectives of International Criminal Law |
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22 | (19) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2 The aims of international criminal justice |
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23 | (7) |
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30 | (6) |
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2.4 Other critiques of criminal accountability |
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36 | (5) |
Part B: Prosecutions In National Courts |
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41 | (66) |
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43 | (21) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.2 The forms of jurisdiction |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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3.4 The 'traditional' heads of jurisdiction |
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46 | (4) |
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3.5 Universal jurisdiction |
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50 | (14) |
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4 National Prosecutions of International Crimes |
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64 | (21) |
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64 | (1) |
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4.2 National prosecutions |
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64 | (5) |
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4.3 State obligations to prosecute or extradite |
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69 | (4) |
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4.4 Domestic criminal law and criminal jurisdiction |
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73 | (4) |
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4.5 Statutory limitations |
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77 | (2) |
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4.6 The Non-retroactivity principle |
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79 | (1) |
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4.7 Ne bis in idem or double jeopardy |
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80 | (2) |
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4.8 Practical obstacles to national prosecutions |
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82 | (3) |
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5 State Cooperation with Respect to National Proceedings |
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85 | (22) |
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85 | (1) |
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5.2 International agreements |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (6) |
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93 | (9) |
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5.5 Mutual legal assistance |
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102 | (2) |
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5.6 Transfer of proceedings |
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104 | (1) |
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5.7 Enforcement of penalties |
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105 | (2) |
Part C: International Prosecutions |
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107 | (94) |
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6 The History of International Criminal Prosecutions: Nuremberg and Toyko |
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109 | (13) |
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109 | (1) |
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6.2 The commission on the responsibility of the authors of the war |
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109 | (2) |
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6.3 The Nuremberg International Military Tribunal |
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111 | (4) |
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6.4 The Tokyo International Military Tribunal |
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115 | (4) |
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6.5 Control Council Law No. 10 trials and military commissions in the Pacific sphere |
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119 | (3) |
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7 The ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals |
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122 | (22) |
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122 | (1) |
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7.2 The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia |
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122 | (13) |
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7.3 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |
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135 | (9) |
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8 The International Criminal Court |
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144 | (37) |
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144 | (1) |
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8.2 The creation of the ICC |
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144 | (5) |
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8.3 Structure and composition of the ICC |
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149 | (1) |
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8.4 Crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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8.6 Complementarity and other grounds of inadmissibility |
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153 | (10) |
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8.7 Initiation of proceedings (the 'trigger mechanisms') |
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163 | (3) |
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8.8 Jurisdiction: personal, territorial and temporal |
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166 | (3) |
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8.9 Deferral of investigation or prosecution: Article 16 |
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169 | (1) |
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8.10 Enforcement of the ICC's decisions |
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170 | (1) |
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8.11 Opposition to the ICC |
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171 | (7) |
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178 | (3) |
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9 Other Courts with International Elements |
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181 | (20) |
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181 | (1) |
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9.2 Courts established by agreement between the United States and a State |
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182 | (6) |
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9.3 Courts established by the United Nations or other international administration |
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188 | (6) |
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9.4 Courts established by a State with international support |
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194 | (2) |
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9.5 Lockerbie: an ad hoc solution for a particular incident |
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196 | (1) |
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9.6 Relationship with the ICC |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (4) |
Part D: Substantive Law Of International Crimes |
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201 | (158) |
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203 | (27) |
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203 | (5) |
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10.2 The protected groups |
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208 | (5) |
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213 | (7) |
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220 | (8) |
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10.5 Other modes of participation |
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228 | (2) |
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11 Crimes Against Humanity |
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230 | (37) |
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230 | (4) |
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11.2 Common elements (the contextual threshold) |
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234 | (11) |
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245 | (22) |
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267 | (45) |
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267 | (12) |
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279 | (10) |
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289 | (23) |
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312 | (22) |
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312 | (6) |
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318 | (9) |
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327 | (1) |
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13.4 Prosecution of aggression in the ICC |
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328 | (6) |
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14 Transitional Crimes, Terrorism and Torture |
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334 | (25) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (16) |
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352 | (7) |
Part E: Principles And Procedures Of International Prosecutions |
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359 | (148) |
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15 General Principles of Liability |
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361 | (41) |
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361 | (1) |
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15.2 Perpetration/commission |
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362 | (5) |
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15.3 Joint criminal enterprise |
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367 | (7) |
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374 | (3) |
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15.5 Ordering, instigating, soliciting, inducing and inciting |
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377 | (5) |
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15.6 Planning, preparation, attempt and conspiracy |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (3) |
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15.8 Command/superior responsibility |
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387 | (15) |
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16 Defences/Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility |
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402 | (23) |
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402 | (2) |
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16.2 The ICC Statute and defences |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (2) |
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16.5 Self-defence, defence of others and of property |
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408 | (2) |
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16.6 Duress and necessity |
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410 | (4) |
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16.7 Mistake of fact and law |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (5) |
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420 | (5) |
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17 Procedures of International Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions |
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425 | (53) |
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17.1 International criminal procedures |
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425 | (5) |
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17.2 International criminal proceedings and human rights |
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430 | (6) |
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17.3 Actors in the proceedings and their roles |
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436 | (5) |
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17.4 Jurisdiction and admissibility procedures |
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441 | (2) |
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17.5 Commencement and discontinuance of a criminal investigation |
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443 | (2) |
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17.6 The criminal investigation |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (7) |
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17.8 Prosecution and indictment |
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454 | (6) |
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17.9 Pre-trial proceedings - preparations for trial |
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460 | (4) |
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464 | (3) |
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17.11 Admission of guilt, guilty pleas, plea bargaining |
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467 | (2) |
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469 | (2) |
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17.13 Appeals proceedings |
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471 | (3) |
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474 | (1) |
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17.15 Offences against the administration of justice |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (2) |
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18 Victims in the International Criminal Process |
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478 | (16) |
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478 | (3) |
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18.2 Definition of victims |
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481 | (1) |
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18.3 Protection of victims and witnesses |
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481 | (3) |
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18.4 Victim participation in ICC criminal proceedings |
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484 | (6) |
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18.5 Reparations to victims |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (3) |
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19 Sentencing and Penalties |
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494 | (13) |
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19.1 International punishment of crimes |
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494 | (2) |
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19.2 Purposes of sentencing |
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496 | (2) |
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498 | (4) |
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19.4 Sentencing procedures |
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502 | (1) |
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19.5 Pardon, early release and review of sentence |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (3) |
Part F: Relationship Between National And International Systems |
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507 | (84) |
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20 State Cooperation with the International Courts and Tribunals |
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509 | (22) |
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20.1 Characteristics of the cooperation regimes |
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509 | (1) |
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20.2 Obligation to cooperate |
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510 | (5) |
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20.3 Non-States Parties and international organizations |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (2) |
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20.5 Cooperation and the ICC complementarity principle |
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519 | (1) |
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20.6 Authority to seek cooperation and defence rights |
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519 | (1) |
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20.7 Arrest and surrender |
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520 | (2) |
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20.8 Other forms of legal assistance |
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522 | (4) |
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20.9 Domestic implementation |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (3) |
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531 | (30) |
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531 | (7) |
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21.2 Functional immunity and national courts |
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538 | (7) |
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21.3 Functional immunity and international courts |
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545 | (1) |
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21.4 Personal immunity and national courts |
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545 | (4) |
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21.5 Personal immunity and international courts |
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549 | (9) |
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558 | (3) |
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22 Alternatives and Complements to Criminal Prosecution |
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561 | (18) |
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561 | (2) |
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563 | (8) |
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571 | (4) |
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575 | (1) |
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22.5 Reparations and civil claims |
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576 | (1) |
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22.6 Local justice mechanisms |
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576 | (3) |
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23 The Future of International Criminal Law |
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579 | (12) |
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579 | (1) |
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23.2 International courts and tribunals |
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579 | (1) |
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23.3 Developments in national prosecutions of international crimes |
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580 | (2) |
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23.4 The trend towards accountability |
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582 | (3) |
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23.5 The development of international criminal law |
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585 | (2) |
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23.6 The path forward (or back?) |
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587 | (4) |
Index |
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591 | |