| Preface to Second Edition |
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xii | |
| Preface to First Edition |
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xiii | |
| Symbols |
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xvii | |
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1 | (10) |
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Scope of Micrometeorology |
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1 | (4) |
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Micrometeorology versus Microclimatology |
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5 | (1) |
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Importance and Applications of Micrometeorology |
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6 | (5) |
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9 | (2) |
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Energy Budget Near the Surface |
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11 | (17) |
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Energy Fluxes at an Ideal Surface |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (7) |
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Energy Budgets of Bare Surfaces |
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19 | (1) |
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Energy Budgets of Canopies |
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20 | (5) |
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Energy Budgets of Water Surfaces |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (3) |
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26 | (2) |
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Radiation Balance Near the Surface |
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28 | (18) |
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Radiation Laws and Definitions |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (4) |
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36 | (2) |
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Radiation Balance near the Surface |
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38 | (1) |
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Observations of Radiation Balance |
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39 | (2) |
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Radiative Flux Divergence |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (3) |
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44 | (2) |
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Soil Temperatures and Heat Transfer |
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46 | (16) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Thermal Properties of Soils |
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48 | (3) |
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Theory of Soil Heat Transfer |
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51 | (1) |
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Thermal Wave Propagation in Soils |
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52 | (4) |
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Measurement and Parameterization of Ground Heat Flux |
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56 | (4) |
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60 | (2) |
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60 | (2) |
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Air Temperature and Humidity in the PBL |
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62 | (27) |
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Factors Influencing Air Temperature and Humidity |
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62 | (1) |
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Basic Thermodynamic Relations and the Energy Equation |
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63 | (8) |
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Local and Nonlocal Concepts of Static Stability |
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71 | (6) |
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Mixed Layers, Mixing Layers and Inversions |
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77 | (1) |
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Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles |
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78 | (4) |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (4) |
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86 | (3) |
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Wind Distribution in the PBL |
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89 | (24) |
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Factors Influencing Wind Distribution |
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89 | (1) |
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Geostrophic and Thermal Winds |
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89 | (6) |
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Friction Effects on the Balance of Forces |
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95 | (4) |
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Stability Effects on the PBL Winds |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (6) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
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110 | (3) |
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An Introduction to Viscous Flows |
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113 | (29) |
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Inviscid and Viscous Flows |
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113 | (3) |
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Laminar and Turbulent Flows |
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116 | (1) |
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Navier-Stokes Equations of Motion |
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117 | (2) |
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Laminar Plane-Parallel Flows |
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119 | (5) |
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124 | (8) |
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Developing Laminar Boundary Layers |
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132 | (4) |
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Heat Transfer in Laminar Flows |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (3) |
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139 | (3) |
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Fundamentals of Turbulence |
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142 | (21) |
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Instability of Flow and Transition to Turbulence |
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142 | (4) |
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The Generation and Maintenance of Turbulence |
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146 | (1) |
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General Characteristics of Turbulence |
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147 | (2) |
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Mean and Fluctuating Variables |
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149 | (3) |
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Variances and Turbulent Fluxes |
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152 | (3) |
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Eddies and Scales of Motion |
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155 | (1) |
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Fundamental Concepts, Hypotheses, and Theories |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (3) |
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161 | (2) |
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Models and Theories of Turbulence |
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163 | (25) |
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Mathematical Models of Turbulent Flows |
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163 | (8) |
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Gradient-transport Theories |
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171 | (6) |
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Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Theories |
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177 | (8) |
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185 | (3) |
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185 | (3) |
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Near-neutral Boundary Layers |
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188 | (25) |
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188 | (9) |
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Surface Roughness Parameters |
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197 | (6) |
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Surface Drag and Resistance Laws |
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203 | (5) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
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Thermally Stratified Surface Layer |
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213 | (29) |
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The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory |
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213 | (4) |
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Empirical Forms of Similarity Functions |
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217 | (6) |
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Wind and Temperature Profiles |
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223 | (1) |
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Drag and Heat Transfer Relations |
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224 | (2) |
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Methods of Determining Momentum and Heat Fluxes |
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226 | (13) |
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239 | (3) |
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239 | (3) |
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Evaporation from Homogeneous Surfaces |
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242 | (24) |
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The Process of Evaporation |
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242 | (1) |
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Potential Evaporation and Evapotranspiration |
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243 | (2) |
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Modified Monin-Obukhov Similarity Relations |
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245 | (3) |
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Micrometeorological Methods of Determining Evaporation |
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248 | (16) |
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264 | (2) |
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264 | (2) |
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Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers |
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266 | (55) |
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Types of Atmospheric Boundary Layers |
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266 | (4) |
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Similarity Theories of the PBL |
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270 | (7) |
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Mathematical Models of the PBL |
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277 | (33) |
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Parameterization of the PBL |
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310 | (7) |
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317 | (4) |
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317 | (4) |
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Nonhomogeneous Boundary Layers |
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321 | (44) |
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Types of Surface Inhomogeneities |
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321 | (1) |
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Step Changes in Surface Roughness |
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322 | (6) |
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Step Changes in Surface Temperature |
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328 | (6) |
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Air Modifications over Water Surfaces |
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334 | (2) |
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Air Modifications over Urban Areas |
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336 | (10) |
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Building Wakes and Street Canyon Effects |
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346 | (7) |
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Other Topographical Effects |
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353 | (9) |
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362 | (3) |
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362 | (3) |
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Agricultural and Forest Micrometeorology |
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365 | (26) |
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Flux-profile Relations above Plant Canopies |
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365 | (5) |
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Radiation Balance within Plant Canopies |
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370 | (5) |
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Wind Distribution in Plant Canopies |
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375 | (3) |
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Temperature and Moisture Fields |
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378 | (3) |
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Turbulence in and above Plant Canopies |
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381 | (7) |
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388 | (3) |
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389 | (2) |
| References |
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391 | (14) |
| Index |
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405 | |
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