Preface |
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xiii | |
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xix | |
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xxiii | |
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1 Introducing Remote Sensing Basics |
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3 | (21) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Milestones in the History of Remote Sensing |
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4 | (16) |
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20 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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2 Electromagnetic Radiation |
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24 | (30) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum |
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25 | (3) |
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2.3 Major Divisions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (3) |
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2.5 Interactions with the Atmosphere |
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34 | (9) |
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2.6 Interactions with Surfaces |
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43 | (6) |
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49 | (5) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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3 Remote Sensing Platforms |
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54 | (23) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (6) |
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3.6 Unmanned Aerial Systems |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (1) |
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3.8 Mobile Collection of Field Data |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (4) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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PART II IMAGE ACQUISITION |
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4 Digital Mapping Cameras |
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77 | (38) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2 Fundamentals of the Aerial Photograph |
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78 | (5) |
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4.3 Geometry of the Vertical Aerial Photograph |
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83 | (5) |
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4.4 Digital Aerial Cameras |
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88 | (5) |
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4.5 Digital Scanning of Analog Images |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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4.7 Band Combinations: Optical Imagery |
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95 | (4) |
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4.8 Coverage by Multiple Photographs |
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99 | (6) |
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105 | (2) |
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4.10 Sources of Aerial Photography |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (6) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Appendix 4.1 Your Own Infrared Photographs |
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112 | (2) |
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Appendix 4.2 Your Own 3D Photographs |
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114 | (1) |
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Appendix 4.3 Your Own Kite Photography |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (30) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (4) |
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5.6 Band Combinations: Multispectral Imagery |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (5) |
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136 | (4) |
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5.9 Image Processing Software |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (3) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (30) |
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145 | (3) |
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6.2 The Context for Image Interpretation |
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148 | (1) |
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6.3 Image Interpretation Tasks |
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149 | (1) |
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6.4 Elements of Image Interpretation |
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150 | (5) |
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6.5 Collateral Information |
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155 | (1) |
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6.6 Imagery Interpretability Rating Scales |
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155 | (1) |
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6.7 Image Interpretation Keys |
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156 | (1) |
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6.8 Interpretive Overlays |
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156 | (1) |
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6.9 The Significance of Context |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (5) |
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6.11 Digital Photointerpretation |
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164 | (2) |
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6.12 Image Scale Calculations |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (2) |
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7 Land Observation Satellites |
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175 | (28) |
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175 | (1) |
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7.2 Current Satellite Systems |
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176 | (1) |
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7.3 Landsat Origins and Evolution |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (5) |
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7.5 Broad-Scale/Coarse Resolution Satellites |
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186 | (2) |
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7.6 Fine-Resolution Satellite Systems |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (1) |
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7.8 Land Observation Satellite Orbits |
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193 | (2) |
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7.9 Data Archives and Indexing Systems for Land Observation Satellites |
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195 | (3) |
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7.10 International Charter |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (28) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (5) |
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8.3 Geometry of the Radar Image |
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210 | (5) |
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8.4 Look Direction and Look Angle |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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8.6 Penetration of the Radar Signal |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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8.8 Interpreting Brightness Values |
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220 | (5) |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (19) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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9.3 Scanning (Imaging) Lidars |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (8) |
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9.6 Selected Lidar Applications |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (4) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (35) |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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10.4 Microwave Radiometers |
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257 | (1) |
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10.5 Infrared Thermography |
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258 | (1) |
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10.6 Thermal Properties of Objects |
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259 | (3) |
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10.7 Land Surface Temperature |
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262 | (4) |
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10.8 Geometry of Thermal Images |
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266 | (1) |
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10.9 The Thermal Image and Its Interpretation |
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267 | (11) |
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278 | (7) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (6) |
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11 Statistics and Preprocessing |
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285 | (29) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (5) |
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291 | (9) |
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11.4 Radiometric Preprocessing |
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300 | (4) |
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11.5 Geometric Preprocessing |
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304 | (7) |
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11.6 Image Data Processing Standards |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (3) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (36) |
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314 | (4) |
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12.2 Informational Classes and Spectral Classes/Samples |
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318 | (1) |
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12.3 Unsupervised Classification |
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319 | (7) |
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12.4 Supervised Classification |
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326 | (21) |
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347 | (3) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (28) |
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350 | (2) |
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13.2 Sources of Classification Error |
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352 | (2) |
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13.3 Error Characteristics |
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354 | (1) |
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13.4 Measurement of Map Accuracy |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (3) |
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360 | (11) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (4) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (3) |
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14 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing |
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378 | (16) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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14.3 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing |
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379 | (1) |
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14.4 The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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14.7 Overview of Typical Abundance Mapping Processing Steps |
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383 | (2) |
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14.8 Spectral Mixing Analysis |
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385 | (3) |
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14.9 Spectral Angle Mapping |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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14.11 Wavelet Analysis for Hyperspectral Imagery |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (5) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (29) |
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394 | (1) |
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15.2 Bitemporal Spectral Change Detection Techniques |
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395 | (6) |
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15.3 Multitemporal Spectral Change Detection |
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401 | (15) |
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416 | (7) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (6) |
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16 Plant Science Fundamentals |
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423 | (27) |
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423 | (6) |
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16.2 Structure of the Leaf |
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429 | (2) |
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16.3 Spectral Behavior of the Living Leaf |
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431 | (5) |
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436 | (1) |
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16.5 Applications of Vegetation Indices |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (2) |
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16.7 Land Surface Phenology |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (4) |
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446 | (4) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (3) |
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17 Agricultural Remote Sensing |
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450 | (35) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (2) |
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17.3 Technical Limitations for Agricultural Applications |
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453 | (1) |
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17.4 Common Agricultural Practices |
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454 | (2) |
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456 | (4) |
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17.6 Monitoring the Growth Stage |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (3) |
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17.8 A View of an Irrigated Landscape, Western Kansas |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (3) |
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468 | (1) |
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17.11 Conservation Tillage |
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469 | (3) |
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17.12 USDA Cropland Data Layer |
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472 | (1) |
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17.13 Biophysical Dimensions of Agricultural Remote Sensing |
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473 | (2) |
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17.14 Precision Agriculture |
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475 | (2) |
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17.15 Remote Sensing of Plant Pathology |
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477 | (3) |
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480 | (5) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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480 | (1) |
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480 | (1) |
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480 | (5) |
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485 | (21) |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (7) |
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493 | (4) |
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497 | (2) |
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499 | (7) |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (5) |
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506 | (41) |
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507 | (1) |
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508 | (1) |
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19.3 Galisteo Creek, New Mexico |
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509 | (3) |
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512 | (3) |
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515 | (4) |
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19.6 Lidar's Contributions and Geoscience Information |
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519 | (1) |
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19.7 Mass Wasting and Debris Flows |
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520 | (3) |
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523 | (4) |
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527 | (3) |
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19.10 Direct Multispectral Observation of Rocks and Minerals |
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530 | (2) |
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532 | (1) |
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533 | (1) |
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19.13 Soil and Landscape Mapping |
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533 | (1) |
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19.14 Integrated Terrain Units |
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533 | (6) |
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539 | (1) |
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19.16 Radar Imagery for Exploration |
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540 | (1) |
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540 | (7) |
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Some Teaching and Learning Resources |
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541 | (1) |
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541 | (1) |
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542 | (5) |
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20 Coastal Processes and Landforms |
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547 | (35) |
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547 | (2) |
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20.2 Remote Sensing of Water Characteristics |
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549 | (6) |
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555 | (3) |
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20.4 Coastal Processes and Landforms |
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558 | (10) |
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20.5 Impact of Hurricane Sandy on Mantoloking, New Jersey |
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568 | (3) |
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20.6 Lidar for Coastal Erosion of North Carolina Beaches |
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571 | (1) |
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20.7 Challenges in Coastal Communities---Example of Miami Beach |
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572 | (5) |
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577 | (5) |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (4) |
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21 Land Use and Land Cover |
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582 | (27) |
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582 | (2) |
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21.2 Aerial Imagery for Land-Use Information |
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584 | (2) |
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21.3 Land-Use Classification |
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586 | (1) |
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21.4 Visual Interpretation of Land Use and Land Cover |
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586 | (6) |
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21.5 Land-Use Change by Visual Interpretation |
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592 | (1) |
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21.6 Historical Land Cover Interpretation for Environmental Analysis |
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593 | (2) |
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21.7 Other Land-Use Classification Systems |
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595 | (3) |
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21.8 Land Cover Mapping by Image Classification |
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598 | (1) |
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21.9 Broad-Scale Land Cover Studies |
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599 | (1) |
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21.10 Sources of Compiled Land-Use Data |
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600 | (5) |
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605 | (4) |
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605 | (1) |
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606 | (3) |
Index |
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609 | (24) |
About the Authors |
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