List of illustrations |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xix | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 The stellar life-cycle |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 The space between the stars |
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3 | (3) |
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1.4 The distribution of the stars |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.6 Star formation in a galactic context |
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10 | (2) |
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1.7 Known sites of contemporary star formation |
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12 | (3) |
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1.8 The initial mass function |
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15 | (1) |
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1.9 Objectives of star-formation theory |
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16 | (5) |
2 Probing star formation |
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21 | (18) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Properties of photons |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5 Radiant energy density |
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24 | (1) |
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2.6 Continuum radiation studying the dust |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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2.8 Calculating the dust mass |
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29 | (3) |
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2.9 Line radiationstudying the gas |
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32 | (7) |
3 The ISMthe beginnings of star formation |
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39 | (26) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 The 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen |
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39 | (9) |
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48 | (4) |
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3.4 Line shapes and the motion of the gas |
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52 | (4) |
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3.5 Absorption linessearchlights through the ISM |
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56 | (5) |
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61 | (2) |
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3.7 The use of absorption lines |
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63 | (2) |
4 Molecular clouds-the sites of star formation |
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65 | (30) |
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4.1 The equation of state |
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65 | (1) |
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4.2 Fluid mechanics of molecular clouds |
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66 | (3) |
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4.3 Gravitational instability |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (3) |
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4.5 Observations of molecular clouds |
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75 | (3) |
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4.6 Turbulence in molecular clouds |
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78 | (5) |
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4.7 Magnetic fields in molecular clouds |
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83 | (4) |
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4.8 Chemistry in molecular clouds |
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87 | (8) |
5 Fragmentation and collapse-the road to star formation |
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95 | (22) |
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5.1 The road to star formation |
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95 | (1) |
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5.2 Theoretical collapse solutions |
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96 | (2) |
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5.3 The minimum mass of a star |
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98 | (4) |
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5.4 Effects of the magnetic field |
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102 | (6) |
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5.5 Observations of the initial conditions of collapse |
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108 | (3) |
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5.6 Pre-stellar cores and the IMF |
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111 | (2) |
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5.7 Binary and multiple star formation |
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113 | (4) |
6 Young stars, protostars and accretion-building a typical star |
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117 | (26) |
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6.1 Pre-main-sequence evolution |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (6) |
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125 | (3) |
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6.4 Accretion onto protostars |
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128 | (7) |
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6.5 Observations of protostars-the birth line |
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135 | (1) |
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6.6 Millimetre-wave continuum observations |
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136 | (2) |
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6.7 Millimetre-wave spectroscopy |
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138 | (1) |
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6.8 Infrared and optical observations |
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139 | (4) |
7 The formation of high-mass stars, and their surroundings |
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143 | (30) |
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143 | (1) |
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7.2 The main stages of high-mass star formation |
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144 | (5) |
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7.3 Building a high-mass star |
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149 | (4) |
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7.4 Line radiation from HII regions |
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153 | (3) |
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7.5 Recombination rate and emission measure |
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156 | (2) |
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7.6 Free-free radio continuum emission |
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158 | (3) |
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7.7 Size of an HII region - Stromgren radius |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (4) |
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7.9 Expansion of an HII region |
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166 | (7) |
8 By-products and consequences of star formation |
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173 | (22) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (4) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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8.9 The epoch of star formation |
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191 | (4) |
List of mathematical symbols |
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195 | (6) |
List of figure credits |
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201 | (4) |
Index |
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205 | |