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Introduction to Thermal Physics [Mīkstie vāki]

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(Professor of Physics, Weber State University)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 448 pages, height x width x depth: 245x190x20 mm, weight: 856 g, 197 line drawings and halftones
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Jan-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192895559
  • ISBN-13: 9780192895554
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Introduction to Thermal PhysicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 448 pages, height x width x depth: 245x190x20 mm, weight: 856 g, 197 line drawings and halftones
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Jan-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192895559
  • ISBN-13: 9780192895554
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780192895554.html
Keywords:
This is a textbook for the standard undergraduate-level course in thermal physics. The book explores applications to engineering, chemistry, biology, geology, atmospheric science, astrophysics, cosmology, and everyday life.

Thermal physics deals with collections of large numbers of particles - typically 10 to the 23rd power or so. Examples include the air in a balloon, the water in a lake, the electrons in a chunk of metal, and the photons given off by the sun. We can't possibly follow every detail of the motions of so many particles. So in thermal physics we assume that these motions are random, and we use the laws of probability to predict how the material as a whole ought to behave. Alternatively, we can measure the bulk properties of a material, and from these infer something about the particles it is made of.

This book will give you a working understanding of thermal physics, assuming that you have already studied introductory physics and calculus. You will learn to apply the general laws of energy and entropy to engines, refrigerators, chemical reactions, phase transformations, and mixtures. You will also learn to use basic quantum physics and powerful statistical methods to predict in detail how temperature affects molecular speeds, vibrations of solids, electrical and magnetic behaviors, emission of light, and exotic low-temperature phenomena. The problems and worked examples explore applications not just within physics but also to engineering, chemistry, biology, geology, atmospheric science, astrophysics, cosmology, and everyday life.

Recenzijas

I am a great admirer of Schroeder's book. While writing a graduate textbook in the subject, I studied many books in statistical mechanics, at various levels of sophistication. Of these, Schroeder's text stood out. Indeed, it was the only one I envied -- his sense of fun, his vivid explanations, and his deep insights into conceptual issues. * James P. Sethna, Cornell University, author of 'Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity', Second Edition, OUP 2021 *

Preface ix
Part I Fundamentals
Chapter 1 Energy in Thermal Physics
1(48)
1.1 Thermal Equilibrium
1(5)
1.2 The Ideal Gas
6(8)
Microscopic Model of an Ideal Gas
1.3 Equipartition of Energy
14(3)
1.4 Heat and Work
17(3)
1.5 Compression Work
20(8)
Compression of an Ideal Gas
1.6 Heat Capacities
28(9)
Latent Heat; Enthalpy
1.7 Rates of Processes
37(12)
Heat Conduction; Conductivity of an Ideal Gas; Viscosity; Diffusion
Chapter 2 The Second Law
49(36)
2.1 Two-State Systems
49(4)
The Two-State Paramagnet
2.2 The Einstein Model of a Solid
53(3)
2.3 Interacting Systems
56(4)
2.4 Large Systems
60(8)
Very Large Numbers; Stirling's Approximation; Multiplicity of a Large Einstein Solid; Sharpness of the Multiplicity Function
2.5 The Ideal Gas
68(6)
Multiplicity of a Monatomic Ideal Gas; Interacting Ideal Gases
2.6 Entropy
74(11)
Entropy of an Ideal Gas; Entropy of Mixing; Reversible and Irreversible Processes
Chapter 3 Interactions and Implications
85(37)
3.1 Temperature
85(7)
A Silly Analogy; Real-World Examples
3.2 Entropy and Heat
92(6)
Predicting Heat Capacities; Measuring Entropies; The Macroscopic View of Entropy
3.3 Paramagnetism
98(10)
Notation and Microscopic Physics; Numerical Solution; Analytic Solution
3.4 Mechanical Equilibrium and Pressure
108(7)
The Thermodynamic Identity; Entropy and Heat Revisited
3.5 Diffusive Equilibrium and Chemical Potential
115(5)
3.6 Summary and a Look Ahead
120(2)
Part II Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 Engines and Refrigerators
122(27)
4.1 Heat Engines
122(5)
The Carnot Cycle
4.2 Refrigerators
127(4)
4.3 Real Heat Engines
131(6)
Internal Combustion Engines; The Steam Engine
4.4 Real Refrigerators
137(12)
The Throttling Process; Liquefaction of Gases; Toward Absolute Zero
Chapter 5 Free Energy and Chemical Thermodynamics
149(71)
5.1 Free Energy as Available Work
149(12)
Electrolysis, Fuel Cells, and Batteries; Thermodynamic Identities
5.2 Free Energy as a Force toward Equilibrium
161(5)
Extensive and Intensive Quantities; Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential
5.3 Phase Transformations of Pure Substances
166(20)
Diamonds and Graphite; The Clausius-Clapeyron Relation; The van der Waals Model
5.4 Phase Transformations of Mixtures
186(14)
Free Energy of a Mixture; Phase Changes of a Miscible Mixture; Phase Changes of a Eutectic System
5.5 Dilute Solutions
200(8)
Solvent and Solute Chemical Potentials; Osmotic Pressure; Boiling and Freezing Points
5.6 Chemical Equilibrium
208(12)
Nitrogen Fixation; Dissociation of Water; Oxygen Dissolving in Water; Ionization of Hydrogen
Part III Statistical Mechanics
Chapter 6 Boltzmann Statistics
220(37)
6.1 The Boltzmann Factor
220(9)
The Partition Function; Thermal Excitation of Atoms
6.2 Average Values
229(9)
Paramagnetism; Rotation of Diatomic Molecules
6.3 The Equipartition Theorem
238(4)
6.4 The Maxwell Speed Distribution
242(5)
6.5 Partition Functions and Free Energy
247(2)
6.6 Partition Functions for Composite Systems
249(2)
6.7 Ideal Gas Revisited
251(6)
The Partition Function; Predictions
Chapter 7 Quantum Statistics
257(70)
7.1 The Gibbs Factor
257(5)
An Example: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
7.2 Bosons and Fermions
262(9)
The Distribution Functions
7.3 Degenerate Fermi Gases
271(17)
Zero Temperature; Small Nonzero Temperatures; The Density of States; The Sommerfeld Expansion
7.4 Blackbody Radiation
288(19)
The Ultraviolet Catastrophe; The Planck Distribution; Photons; Summing over Modes; The Planck Spectrum; Total Energy; Entropy of a Photon Gas; The Cosmic Background Radiation; Photons Escaping through a Hole; Radiation from Other Objects; The Sun and the Earth
7.5 Debye Theory of Solids
307(8)
7.6 Bose-Einstein Condensation
315(12)
Real-World Examples; Why Does it Happen?
Chapter 8 Systems of Interacting Particles
327(30)
8.1 Weakly Interacting Gases
328(11)
The Partition Function; The Cluster Expansion; The Second Virial Coefficient
8.2 The Ising Model of a Ferromagnet
339(18)
Exact Solution in One Dimension; The Mean Field Approximation; Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix A Elements of Quantum Mechanics
357(27)
A.1 Evidence for Wave-Particle Duality
357(5)
The Photoelectric Effect; Electron Diffraction
A.2 Wavefunctions
362(5)
The Uncertainty Principle; Linearly Independent Wavefunctions
A.3 Definite-Energy Wavefunctions
367(7)
The Particle in a Box; The Harmonic Oscillator; The Hydrogen Atom
A.4 Angular Momentum
374(5)
Rotating Molecules; Spin
A.5 Systems of Many Particles
379(1)
A.6 Quantum Field Theory
380(4)
Appendix B Mathematical Results
384(13)
B.1 Gaussian Integrals
384(3)
B.2 The Gamma Function
387(2)
B.3 Stirling's Approximation
389(2)
B.4 Area of a d-Dimensional Hypersphere
391(2)
B.5 Integrals of Quantum Statistics
393(4)
Suggested Reading 397(5)
Reference Data 402(4)
Index 406
Daniel V. Schroeder is Professor of Physics at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah, USA. He earned his PhD in Physics at Stanford University, then taught briefly at Pomona College and Grinnell College before coming to Weber State in 1993. He is the coauthor, with Michael E. Peskin, of An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. From 2012 through 2016 he served as Associate Editor of the American Journal of Physics.