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E-grāmata: Introduction to Volcanic Seismology

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(Research Professor, Center for Volcanological Research, Colima University, Mexico)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Developments in Volcanology
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Oct-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780444636324
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Introduction to Volcanic SeismologyPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Developments in Volcanology
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Oct-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780444636324
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Following on from the success of the previous two editions (2003 and 2011), Introduction to Volcanic Seismology, Third Edition covers all aspects of volcano seismology, with a specific focus on recent studies and developments. This new edition expands on the historical aspects, including updated information regarding how volcanic seismology was handled in the past (instrumentation, processing techniques, number of observatories worldwide) compared to the present day. Updated case studies can be found throughout the book, providing information from the many best-studied volcanoes in the world - including those in Iceland. Additional features include descriptions of analog experiments, seismic networks-permanent and temporal-and the link between volcanoes and plate tectonics and mantle plumes.

Beginning with an introduction to the history of volcanic seismology, followed by a discussion of models developed for the study of the origin of volcanic earthquakes of both a volcano-tectonic and eruption nature, Introduction to Volcanic Seismology covers a variety of topics from the different aspects of volcano-tectonic activity and seismic events associated with the surface manifestations of volcanic activity to descriptions of eruption earthquakes: volcanic tremor, seismic noise of pyroclastic flows, and explosion earthquakes and the mitigation of volcanic hazards.

  • Presents updated global case studies to provide real-world applications, including studies from Iceland
  • Delivers illustrations alongside detailed descriptions of volcanic eruptions
  • Includes essential information needed for students and practitioners of volcanic seismology to understand the essential elements of volcanic eruptions
  • New updates include information on how volcanic seismology was handled in the past (instrumentation, processing techniques, number of observatories worldwide) compared to the present day

Papildus informācija

A fully updated overview of both historic and recent developments in volcanic eruptions, with an extensive collection of illustrations and case studies
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Preface to the First Edition xix
1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 Terms and Definitions
1(7)
1.1.1 Volcanic Terms
1(2)
1.1.2 Tectonic Terms
3(5)
1.1.3 Seismological Terms
8(1)
1.2 Subject of the Book
8(5)
Acknowledgments
9(4)
2 Seismicity at Volcanoes
13(22)
2.1 History of Seismic Monitoring of Volcanic Activity
13(6)
2.2 Classification of Volcanic Earthquakes
19(6)
2.2.1 B-Type
22(1)
2.2.2 Explosion Earthquakes
22(1)
2.2.3 Volcanic Pulsation or Continuous Volcanic Microtremors
22(3)
2.3 Sequences of Volcanic Earthquakes
25(10)
2.3.1 Sequences of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
26(8)
2.3.2 Sequences of Eruption Earthquakes
34(1)
3 Fundamentals of Volcanic Seismology
35(26)
3.1 Magma Flow Within the Volcanic Conduit
35(3)
3.1.1 Magma Flow Regimes
36(2)
3.1.2 Modeling of Magma Flow Regimes
38(1)
3.2 Experimental Studies of the Volcanic Processes and Their Applications for the Seismic Sources
38(13)
3.2.1 Experimental Grounds of the Brittle Fracturing in the Rocks at High Temperatures and High Pressure
39(2)
3.2.2 Experimental Grounds of the Origin of Seismic Signals During the Magma Ascending Within the Volcanic Conduit
41(10)
3.3 General Description of the Source of Seismic Signals at Volcanoes
51(10)
3.3.1 Equivalent Force System Acting in the Earthquake Source
51(2)
3.3.2 Green's Functions
53(1)
3.3.3 Single Force
53(1)
3.3.4 Seismic Moment Tensor
53(3)
3.3.5 Waveform Inversion
56(5)
4 Origin of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
61(20)
4.1 Migration of Magma and Its Seismic Potential
61(4)
4.2 Volcanism and Tectonics
65(5)
4.3 Source Nature of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
70(6)
4.3.1 Waveform and Spectra
70(3)
4.3.2 Tensor Representation of the Source of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake
73(3)
4.4 Models of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Sequences
76(5)
5 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes at Basaltic Volcanoes: Case Studies
81(38)
5.1 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Shield Volcanoes
81(4)
5.1.1 Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
81(4)
5.2 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Stratovolcanoes
85(13)
5.2.1 Mount Etna, Sicily
85(7)
5.2.2 Oshima Volcano, Izu Islands
92(3)
5.2.3 Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka
95(3)
5.3 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Fissure Eruptions
98(8)
5.3.1 New Tolbachik Volcanoes, Kamchatka
98(3)
5.3.2 The 2005--09 Ethiopia Rifting Episode
101(5)
5.4 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Caldera Collapse
106(2)
5.4.1 Fernandina Volcano, Galapagos Islands
106(2)
5.5 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Submarine Eruptions
108(11)
5.5.1 Teishi Knoll Volcano, Izu Islands
109(2)
5.5.2 Miyakejima Volcano, Izu Islands
111(4)
5.5.3 El Hierro Volcano, Canary Islands
115(4)
6 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes at Andesitic Volcanoes: Case Studies'
119(24)
6.1 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Volcanic "Directed Blasts"
119(6)
6.1.1 Bezymianny Volcano, Kamchatka
120(2)
6.1.2 Sheveluch Volcano, Kamchatka
122(3)
6.2 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Phreatic and Phreatomagmatic Explosions
125(12)
6.2.1 El Chichon Volcano, Mexico
125(2)
6.2.2 Volcan De Colima, Mexico
127(1)
6.2.3 Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico
127(5)
6.2.4 Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat
132(5)
6.3 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Lava Extrusions
137(4)
6.3.1 Volcan De Colima, Mexico
137(4)
6.4 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Flank Eruptions
141(2)
6.4.1 Sakurajima Volcano, Japan
141(2)
7 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes at Dacitic Volcanoes: Case Studies
143(24)
7.1 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Summit Eruptions
143(16)
7.1.1 Mount St. Helens, Cascades
143(7)
7.1.2 Usu Volcano, Hokkaido
150(2)
7.1.3 Unzen Volcano, Kyushu
152(5)
7.1.4 Pinatubo Volcano, Luzon
157(2)
7.2 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes Associated With Flank Eruptions
159(8)
7.2.1 Usu Volcano, Hokkaido
159(8)
8 General Properties of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarms
167(20)
8.1 Properties of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarms Inferred From the Data of
Chapters 5 to 7
167(8)
8.1.1 Temporal Variations
167(5)
8.1.2 Spatial Distributions
172(1)
8.1.3 Posteruption Seismic Activity
173(1)
8.1.4 Duration of Seismic Swarms Prior to an Eruption
174(1)
8.1.5 Position of a Volcanic Event According to the Stage of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarm
174(1)
8.2 Additional Data About Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarm Properties
175(5)
8.2.1 Size of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarm Area
175(2)
8.2.2 Earthquake Swarm Duration
177(1)
8.2.3 Magnitude---Frequency Relations of Events in Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarms
178(2)
8.3 Some Regularities in the Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake Swarms Proclaiming Reawakening of Andesitic and Dacitic Volcanoes
180(7)
8.3.1 Relationship Between the Duration of Stage 1 and the VEI of Forthcoming Explosion
184(1)
8.3.2 Relationship Between the Duration of Stage 2 and Postexplosion Dome Building
184(1)
8.3.3 Conceptual Model of Reawakening Process
184(3)
9 Source Properties of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
187(26)
9.1 Focal Mechanisms of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes: Double-Couple and Non---double-Couple Models
187(9)
9.1.1 Double Couple Model
187(6)
9.1.2 Non---Double-Couple Model
193(3)
9.2 Source Spectral Characteristics of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
196(5)
9.2.1 Spectra of Total Records of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
196(2)
9.2.2 Spectral Source Characteristics of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
198(3)
9.3 Temporal Variations of the Source Spectral Characteristics and Focal Mechanisms of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes in the Course of Volcanic Activity
201(8)
9.3.1 Corner Frequencies Variations
201(3)
9.3.2 Stress Drop Variations
204(2)
9.3.3 Stress Field Rotations
206(3)
9.4 Seismotectonic Deformations in the Volcanic Region
209(4)
10 Significant Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes and Their Role in Volcanic Processes
213(30)
10.1 Selection of Significant Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
215(4)
10.2 Focal Rupturing of Significant Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes and Its Role in Volcanic Processes
219(7)
10.2.1 Rupturing of the Magnitude Mw 5.2 Earthquake Preceding the 1989 Teishi Knoll Submarine Eruption
219(2)
10.2.2 Rupturing of the Magnitude Mw 7.1 Earthquake Preceding the 1996 Akademia Nauk Volcano Subaqual Eruption
221(2)
10.2.3 Rupturing of the Magnitude Mw 5.6 Earthquake Preceding the 1996 Grimsvøtn Volcano Subglacial Eruption
223(3)
10.3 The Magnitude 7 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes in Volcanic Processes
226(2)
10.3.1 Event No. 2, Katmai, Alaska
227(1)
10.3.2 Event No. 3, Sakurajima, Japan
227(1)
10.4 Seismic Hazard of Significant Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
228(15)
10.4.1 Maximum Magnitude Mmax
233(4)
10.4.2 Attenuation of Earthquake Intensity With Distance for Volcanic Earthquakes
237(3)
10.4.3 Recurrence Time
240(1)
10.4.4 Estimation of the Seismic Hazard of Volcanic Activity of Volcan de Colima, Mexico
241(2)
11 Origin of Eruption Earthquakes
243(20)
11.1 Volcanic Processes Generating Seismic Signals of Eruption Earthquakes
243(2)
11.1.1 Processes Within the Volcanic Conduit
243(1)
11.1.2 Volcanic Flows
243(2)
11.2 Source Mechanisms of Eruption Earthquakes
245(6)
11.2.1 A Force System Equivalent to a Volcanic Eruption
245(3)
11.2.2 Seismic Moment Tensors of Some Non---Double-Couple Sources of Eruption Earthquakes
248(3)
11.3 Models of the Eruption Earthquake Sources
251(12)
11.3.1 Models Based on the Vibration of Magma-Filled Structures
251(2)
11.3.2 Models Based on the Process of Deep Ascending of Magma Before an Explosion
253(6)
11.3.3 Modeling of Seismic Signals Generated by Pyroclastic Flows and Rockfalls
259(4)
12 Volcanic Tremor
263(26)
12.1 Seismograms and Spectra
263(1)
12.2 Location of Volcanic Tremor
264(3)
12.2.1 Oshima Volcano, Izu Islands
264(1)
12.2.2 Etna Volcano, Sicily
264(2)
12.2.3 Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica
266(1)
12.3 Relationship Between the Intensity of Volcanic Tremor and Volcanic Events
267(2)
12.4 Volcanic Tremor in Eruptive Process
269(7)
12.4.1 Etna Volcano, Sicily
269(1)
12.4.2 Pavlof Volcano, Alaska
270(1)
12.4.3 Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
270(1)
12.4.4 Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka
271(2)
12.4.5 Shishaldin, Unimak Island
273(3)
12.5 Special Cases of Volcanic Tremor
276(13)
12.5.1 Isolated Tremor
276(3)
12.5.2 Banded Tremor
279(6)
12.5.3 Long-Period Tremor
285(2)
12.5.4 Deep Tremor
287(2)
13 Seismic Signals Associated With Pyroclastic Flows, Rockfalls, and Lahars
289(34)
13.1 Occurrence of Pyroclastic Flows, Rockfalls, and Lahars During Volcanic Eruptions
289(1)
13.2 Seismic Signals Associated With Pyroclastic Flows and Rockfalls: Waveforms and Spectra
289(10)
13.2.1 Seismic Signals of Pyroclastic Flows Produced by the Partial Collapse of Lava Dome
291(2)
13.2.2 Seismic Signals of Pyroclastic Flows Produced by the Collapse of Eruption Column
293(2)
13.2.3 Seismic Signals of Pyroclastic Flows Produced by the Explosive Destruction of Crowing Lava Dome
295(1)
13.2.4 Seismic Signals Produced by Rockfall
296(1)
13.2.5 Spectral Characteristics
297(2)
13.3 Occurrences of Earthquakes Associated With Pyroclastic Flows and Rockfalls
299(2)
13.4 Relationship Between the Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfall Earthquakes and Seismovolcanic Activity During the Lava Extrusion
301(2)
13.5 Quantification of Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfall Earthquakes
303(7)
13.5.1 Quantification of Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfall Earthquakes Occurring Due to Partial Collapse of the Lava Dome and Recorded by Short-Period Instruments at Volcan De Colima, Mexico
304(1)
13.5.2 Relationship Between the Magnitude of Earthquakes Associated With Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfall and the Volume of Pyroclastic Flows Emplaced From Partial Collapse of the Lava Dome at Volcan De Colima, Mexico
305(2)
13.5.3 Relation Between the Duration of Broadband Seismic Signals Associated With Pyroclastic Flows Emplaced From Eruption Columns and the Volume of Pyroclastic Flows at Volcan De Colima, Mexico
307(2)
13.5.4 Relationship Between the Amplitude of Long-Period Seismic Records of Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfall Earthquakes and the Volume of Pyroclastic Flows at Unzen Volcano, Japan
309(1)
13.6 Tracking of Pyroclastic Flows Trajectory Using the Amplitude Signals of Earthquakes
310(1)
13.7 Seismic Signals Associated With Lahars: Waveforms and Spectra
311(10)
13.7.1 Volcan De Colima, Mexico
312(7)
13.7.2 Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador
319(2)
13.7.3 Mt. Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
321(1)
13.8 Comparison of the Seismic Characteristics of Pyroclastic Flows and Lahars
321(2)
14 Seismic Signals Associated With Volcanic Explosions
323(38)
14.1 Waveforms and Spectra
324(6)
14.1.1 Strombolian Explosions
324(2)
14.1.2 Vulcanian Explosions
326(2)
14.1.3 Phreatomagmatic Explosions
328(2)
14.2 Nature of the Seismic Signals of Explosive Earthquakes
330(6)
14.2.1 Comparison of the Contemporary Video and Seismic Records During an Explosion
330(3)
14.2.2 Type of Waves Composing the Seismic Signal of an Explosion
333(3)
14.3 Sources of Explosion Earthquakes and Their Quantification
336(12)
14.3.1 Multiple Source of Explosions
337(4)
14.3.2 Two-Stage Conceptual Models of Explosive Process
341(2)
14.3.3 Comparison of the Source Properties of Strombolian and Vulcanian Explosions
343(2)
14.3.4 Source Scaling of the Seismic Signals Associated With Vulcanian and Strombolian Explosions
345(3)
14.4 Location of Explosion Earthquakes
348(2)
14.4.1 Location of the Initial Subevents From Waveform Inversion
349(1)
14.5 Explosion Sequences
350(2)
14.6 Explosion Earthquakes in Eruptive Process
352(9)
14.6.1 Explosion Earthquakes as a Component of Eruptive Process
353(2)
14.6.2 Vulcanian Explosions as Indicators of the Style of Eruption Activity
355(6)
15 Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals at Volcanoes
361(28)
15.1 Waveforms and Spectra
361(9)
15.1.1 Long-Period Seismic Signals
361(1)
15.1.2 Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals
362(3)
15.1.3 Occurrences of Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Events
365(2)
15.1.4 Nature of Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals
367(3)
15.2 Geometry of the Sources of Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals
370(3)
15.3 Type of Fluid Within the Fluid-Filled Cracks
373(7)
15.3.1 Crack Model
373(2)
15.3.2 Complex Frequencies of the Long-Period Seismic Signal for Different Fluids
375(1)
15.3.3 Identification of the Type of Fluid From Long-Period Seismic Signals
375(5)
15.4 Location of the Sources of Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Events
380(4)
15.5 Conceptual Models of the Relationship Between the Sources of the Long-Period and Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals and Their Role in Eruptive Process
384(5)
16 Swarms of Microearthquakes Associated With Effusive and Explosive Activity at Volcanoes
389(28)
16.1 Waveforms and Spectra
389(5)
16.2 Structure of Microearthquake Swarms
394(1)
16.3 Microearthquake Swarms in Eruption Process
394(14)
16.3.1 Kizimen Volcano, Kamchatka
394(3)
16.3.2 Stromboli Volcano, Aeolean Islands
397(4)
16.3.3 Mount St. Helens, Cascades
401(2)
16.3.4 Ubinas Volcano, Peru
403(1)
16.3.5 Volcan de Colima, Mexico
404(4)
16.4 Nature of Microearthquakes
408(9)
16.4.1 Similarity Between the Microearthquake Waveforms and the Seismic Signals Well Associated With the Volcanic Events
409(3)
16.4.2 Quantification of Microearthquakes
412(3)
16.4.3 Nature of Microearthquakes Resolved From Waveform Inversion
415(2)
17 Acoustic Waves Generated by Volcanic Eruptions
417(26)
17.1 Infrasonic Acoustic Waves From Small Volcanic Explosions (VEI 1 and 2)
417(8)
17.1.1 Waveforms and Spectra
418(1)
17.1.2 Families of Infrasonic Signals
418(1)
17.1.3 Source Location of the Infrasonic Events
419(4)
17.1.4 Relationship Between the Amplitudes of the Seismic and Infrasonic Signals
423(2)
17.2 Long-Period Acoustic and Acoustic-Gravity Waves From Large Volcanic Explosions (VEI 4-6)
425(5)
17.2.1 Near-Field Waveforms of the Long-Period Acoustic Waves
426(1)
17.2.2 Far-Field Registrations of the Long-Period Acoustic Waves
427(3)
17.3 Acoustic Waves Produced by the Lava Dome Collapse and the Propagation of Pyroclastic Flow and Rockfalls
430(5)
17.3.1 Dome Collapse
430(1)
17.3.2 Pyroclastic Flow Propagation
431(3)
17.3.3 Large Rockfall Propagation
434(1)
17.4 Acoustic Waves Produced During Volcanic Microearthquake Swarms ("Drumbeats")
435(2)
17.5 Utility of the Acoustic Signals for Volcano Activity Monitoring
437(6)
17.5.1 Estimation of the Energy of Eruptive Events
437(2)
17.5.2 Reconstruction of the Process of Dome Collapses and Pyroclastic Flow Movement
439(2)
17.5.3 Monitoring of Phreatic and Strombolian Explosions
441(2)
18 Seismic Monitoring of Volcanic Activity and Forecasting of Volcanic Eruptions
443(28)
18.1 Methodology of Seismic Monitoring of Volcanic Activity
443(11)
18.1.1 Seismic Networks Around Volcanoes
443(1)
18.1.2 Application of the Seismic Arrays for Study of Volcanic Seismicity
444(2)
18.1.3 Initial Processing of Seismic Data
446(3)
18.1.4 Automatic Classification of the Seismic Signals
449(3)
18.1.5 Location of Seismic Events
452(2)
18.2 Applications of Volcanic Seismicity to the Forecasting of Volcanic Eruptions and Predicting of Volcanic Hazards
454(17)
18.2.1 Methods Based on the Statistical Variations in the Parameters of Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
455(6)
18.2.2 Chronicle of Some Forecasting of Volcanic Eruptions Based on Seismic Monitoring
461(10)
19 Seismic Activity at Dormant Volcanic Structures: A Problem of Failed Eruption
471(26)
19.1 Failed Eruptions: Case Stories
471(12)
19.1.1 Failed Eruptions at Large Calderas
471(4)
19.1.2 Failed Eruptions at Stratovolcanoes
475(3)
19.1.3 Failed Eruptions in Rift Settings
478(5)
19.2 Modeling of Magma Ascent Resisting
483(5)
19.2.1 Experimental Study of the Ascent of a Fixed Magma Volume
485(2)
19.2.2 Arrest of Propagating Dyke Due to Mechanical Barriers and Density Stratification in an Upper Crustal Horizon
487(1)
19.3 Monitoring of the Seismic Activity at Dormant Volcanoes
488(9)
19.3.1 Monitoring of Andesitic and Dacitic Dormant Volcanoes
490(2)
19.3.2 Monitoring of Basaltic Dormant Volcanoes
492(5)
20 The Seismic Signals Associated With the Natural Seismicity of Geothermal Structures Within Volcanic Environment
497(22)
20.1 General Description of Geothermal Systems
497(4)
20.1.1 Position of Geothermal Systems Within Volcanic Environment
498(1)
20.1.2 Structure of Geothermal Systems
498(3)
20.2 Natural Seismicity Associated With Heat Discharge Within Geothermal Systems
501(14)
20.2.1 Diffusive Heat Discharge (Mud Volcano)
501(4)
20.2.2 Continuous Heat Discharge
505(5)
20.2.3 Intermittent Heat Discharge
510(5)
20.3 Comparison of the Seismic Signals Associated With Hydrothermal and Volcanic Activity
515(4)
References 519(28)
Index 547
Prof. Vyacheslav Zobin graduated from the Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, in 1966, and obtained his PhD in Physics and Mathematics (Volcanic Seismology) at the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia, in 1978. From 1966 to 1996 he worked at the Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia, and has since worked as Research Professor at the Center for Volcanological Research, Colima University, Colima, Mexico. Prof. Zobin is a prolific author in the areas of volcanic seismology and seismic hazard, with many published research articles, and with books published in three languages: Russian, Spanish, and English.
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