List of FiguresAcknowledgementsGlossaryTimelinePreface
1 Italians in the East (Levante) and the Making of Modern Europe
2 After Caesar: The Roman Empire and its Arabian Frontiers
3 The Formation of the Papal State during the Early Caliphates
4 A New Turn to Carthage (Tunisia) and the Start of the Crusades
5 Pisan Trade Hubs from Seville to Crusader Syria
6 Genoese Commerce across the Habsburg-Ottoman Mediterranean
7 The Venetian Republic Turns Global
8 Florentine Commerce and the Renaissance
9 Livornans in North Africa during Italian Unification
10 Italian Citizens between Rome and the East (Levante)
11 The Last Levantines (Gli Italiani Levantini)
Epilogue: Memories of the Levant in Exile
NotesSources: Texts, Objects, ArtsIndex