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1 | (6) |
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1.1 The Lost Two Decades of the Japanese Economy: Still a Puzzle |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Zombie Firm Hypothesis and Its Limitations |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Purpose and Outline of the Book |
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4 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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2 Evolution and Recovery of Zombie Firms: Japan's Experience |
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7 | (30) |
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2.1 Background on the Controversy over Evergreen Lending and Secular Stagnation |
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7 | (2) |
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2.2 Identification of Zombie Firms |
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9 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology |
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9 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Features of the Modified Criteria and Exclusion of "One Shot Zombie Firms" |
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12 | (2) |
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2.3 Evolution and Recovery of Zombie Firms by Three Categories of Financial Support |
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14 | (3) |
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2.4 Empirical Framework to Analyze How Zombie Firms Recovered |
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17 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Multinomial Logistic Model |
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17 | (1) |
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2.4.2 List of Explanatory Variables |
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18 | (3) |
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2.5 Descriptive Statistics |
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21 | (1) |
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2.6 Estimation Results for the Entire Sample Period |
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21 | (4) |
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2.7 Estimation for the Sub-periods |
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25 | (3) |
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2.7.1 Importance of the Sub-period Analyses |
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25 | (2) |
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2.7.2 The First Sub-period (Escalating Phase) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.7.3 The Second Sub-period (Resolution Phase) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.8 Estimation of the Sub-periods by Industry |
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28 | (7) |
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35 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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3 Sluggish Reallocation of Productive Resources After the Recovery of Zombie Firms |
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37 | (8) |
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3.1 Framework of the Decomposition Analyses of Changes in Aggregated ROA |
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37 | (2) |
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3.2 Result of the Decomposition Analyses of Changes in Aggregated ROA |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3 Weak Demand of Productive Resources from Healthy Firms |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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4 Investment Behavior of Reputable Firms After the Recovery of Zombie Firms: "Conservatism" and the "Pseudo Financial Constraint Effect" |
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45 | (24) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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4.4 Explanatory Variables |
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50 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.2 List of Explanatory Variables |
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51 | (3) |
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4.5 Descriptive Statistics |
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54 | (2) |
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4.6 Estimation Results and Interpretation |
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56 | (8) |
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4.6.1 Baseline Estimation for 2005--2010 |
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56 | (4) |
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4.6.2 Long-Run Changes in Investment Behavior from 1995 to 2010 |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | |
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5.1 Main Findings of the Book: Unified View for the Lost Two Decades of Japan |
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69 | (2) |
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5.2 Policy Implications and Remaining Issues |
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71 | |
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73 | |