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E-grāmata: JPEG Series

, (University of Texas at Arlington, USA)
  • Formāts: 346 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781000796742
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JPEG SeriesPalielināt
  • Formāts: 346 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781000796742
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This book covers the descriptions of the JPEG standards and gives the reader an overview of the latest advances in the standards of the Joint Photographic Experts Group.

While the JPEG image standard was developed more than 25 years ago, it is still dominant in terms of image formation, manipulation and transmission over the internet and other media. As technology advances, new demands have arisen for the efficient transmission and storage of images causing other formats to emerge. Over the years, several extensions such as, JPEGLS, JPEG2K, JPEGXT, JPEGXR, JPEGXS and JPEG Pleno, have been added, constructing a series of standards for the compression and transmission of images. This book is the first to bring together most of the series of JPEG standards in a book.

This book covers the descriptions of the JPEG standards and gives the reader an overview of the latest advances in the standards of the Joint Photographic Experts Group.

Topics discussed include:
  • JEPG;
  • JPEG XR;
  • JPEG XT;
  • JPEG 2000;
  • JPEG XS;
  • JPEG Pleno;
  • JPEG AIC;
  • JPEG LS;
  • JPEG XL;
  • JPSearch;
  • JPEG Systems;
  • JBIG
Preface xiii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgement xvii
List of Figures
xix
List of Tables
xxv
List of Abbreviations
xxvii
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 JPEG Series
2(5)
2 Digital images
7(42)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 One-Dimensional Sampling
8(5)
2.3 Reconstruction
13(4)
2.4 Sampling of Continuous-Time Two-Dimensional Functions
17(4)
2.5 Image Reconstruction from Its Samples
21(2)
2.6 Image Quantization
23(9)
2.6.1 The uniform quantizer
25(1)
2.6.2 Quantization error
26(2)
2.6.3 The Optimal Quantizer (Lloyd-Max Quantizer)
28(3)
2.6.4 The Mid-Tread Quantizer
31(1)
2.7 The Human Visual System
32(4)
2.7.1 HVS-Based Quantization
33(3)
2.8 Color Space
36(9)
2.8.1 YCbCr Formats
45(1)
2.9 Chromaticity Diagram
45(4)
3 The Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms
49(18)
3.1 The DCT
50(3)
3.2 The DST
53(1)
3.3 The Fast DCT
54(4)
3.4 Structures for Implementing the Fast 1-D DCT
58(2)
3.5 2D DCT
60(2)
3.6 Hierarchical Lapped Transform
62(3)
3.7 Problems
65(2)
4 Entropy Coding
67(18)
4.1 Source Entropy
67(1)
4.2 Run-Length Coder
68(1)
4.3 Huffman Coder
69(2)
4.4 Arithmetic Coder
71(9)
4.4.1 Binary Arithmetic Coding (BAC)
74(6)
4.5 Problems
80(5)
5 JPEG
85(20)
5.1 JPEG Parts
85(1)
5.2 Image Pre-Processing
86(1)
5.3 Encoder
87(9)
5.4 Modes of Operation
96(6)
5.5 Some Limitations of JPEG Encoder
102(1)
5.6 Table of Metadata Structure
103(2)
6 JPEGXR
105(30)
6.1 JPEGXR Parts
106(2)
6.2 Image Pre-Processing
108(4)
6.2.1 Pre-Scaling
108(1)
6.2.2 Color Conversion
108(4)
6.3 Encoder
112(9)
6.3.1 Transform
112(1)
6.3.2 Steps of transformation
113(2)
6.3.3 Quantization
115(1)
Quantization control on a spatial region basis
116(1)
Quantization control on a frequency band basis
117(1)
Quantization control on a color plane component basis
117(1)
Quantization control type combinations
117(1)
6.3.4 Prediction of Transform Coefficients and Coded Block Patterns
117(2)
6.3.5 Adaptive Scanning Pattern
119(1)
6.3.6 Adaptive Coefficient Normalization (Entropy Coding)
120(1)
6.4 Codestream Structure
121(1)
6.5 Profiles
122(1)
6.6 Levels
123(2)
6.7 Decoder
125(2)
6.7.1 Parsing Process
126(1)
6.7.2 Decoding Process
126(1)
Sample reconstruction
126(1)
6.8 Motion JPEG XR
127(5)
6.8.1 Sample Entry and Sample Format
128(1)
6.8.2 Syntax
128(2)
6.8.3 Semantics
130(1)
6.8.4 Profiles and Levels
131(1)
Advanced profile "mjxr"
131(1)
Sub-Baseline profile `mjxs'
131(1)
6.9 Summary
132(3)
7 JPEG XT
135(14)
7.1 JPEG XT Parts
135(1)
7.2 High Dynamic Range
136(1)
7.3 Encoder
137(4)
7.3.1 Profile A
138(1)
7.3.2 Profile B
139(1)
7.3.3 Profile C
139(1)
7.3.4 Profile D
140(1)
7.4 Lossless Coding and Lifting
141(1)
7.5 Coding of Opacity Information
142(1)
7.6 Privacy and Protection
143(1)
7.7 Decoder
143(4)
7.8 Summary
147(2)
8 JPEG 2000
149(40)
8.1 JPEG 2000 Parts
150(2)
8.2 Architecture of JPEG-2000
152(1)
8.3 Reference Grid
152(2)
8.4 Tiling Grid and Tiles
154(2)
8.5 Image Pre-Processing
156(1)
8.6 Forward Intercomponent Transform
156(1)
8.7 Forward Intracomponent Transform
157(16)
8.7.1 The Continuous Wavelet Transform
157(2)
8.7.2 Multiresolution Analysis
159(3)
8.7.3 The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
162(1)
8.7.4 ID Filter Bank
162(2)
8.7.5 2D Filter Bank
164(2)
8.7.6 Two-Band Analysis and Synthesis Filter Bank
166(1)
Z-transform of the analysis bank
166(1)
Z-transform of the synthesis bank
167(1)
8.7.7 Biorthogonality
168(2)
8.7.8 Irreversible and Reversible Wavelet Filters
170(1)
8.7.9 Convolution-and Lifting-Based Filters
171(2)
8.8 Quantization
173(1)
8.9 Partitioning of Subbands
174(1)
8.10 Entropy Coding
175(5)
8.11 Rate Control
180(2)
8.12 Region of Interest (ROI) Coding
182(1)
8.13 Error Resilience
182(1)
8.14 JPEG 2000 Part 2
182(1)
8.15 Motion JPEG 2000
183(1)
8.16 Volumetric Data Encoding
183(2)
8.17 Some Limitations of JPEG 2000
185(1)
8.18 Summary
186(3)
9 JPEGXS
189(14)
9.1 JPEGXS Parts
189(1)
9.2 Architecture of JPEGXS
190(1)
9.3 Multi-Component Transform
191(1)
9.4 Forward Transform
191(1)
9.5 Pre-Quantization
192(1)
9.6 Quantization
192(1)
9.7 Rate Control
193(1)
9.8 Entropy Coding
194(2)
9.9 Subjective Evaluations and Setup
196(3)
9.10 Test Material
199(4)
9.10.1 VQEG
199(1)
Sequences S01, S02
199(1)
9.10.2 ARRI
199(1)
Sequences S03, S04
199(1)
Sequences S05, S06
199(1)
9.10.3 Blender
199(1)
Sequences S07, S08 (Sintel)
199(1)
Sequence S09 (Tears of steel)
200(1)
9.10.4 EBU
200(1)
Sequence S12 (PendulusWide)
200(1)
Sequence S13 (RainFruits)
200(1)
9.10.5 Apple
200(1)
Sequence S14
200(1)
9.10.6 Huawei
200(1)
Sequence S15
200(1)
9.10.7 Richter
201(1)
Sequence S16
201(1)
9.10.8 Copyright Condition Statements for Test Still Images
201(1)
Zoneplates images
201(1)
HorseFly
201(1)
9.10.9 Tools
201(1)
Peacock
202(1)
HintergrundMusik
202(1)
LeavesIso200
202(1)
9.10.10 Acknowledgments
202(1)
10 JPEG Pleno
203(28)
10.1 Plenoptic Representation
203(3)
10.2 JPEG Pleno Parts
206(1)
10.3 Holographic Imaging
206(2)
10.4 Point Cloud Imaging
208(1)
10.5 Light-Field Imaging
208(1)
10.6 JPEG Pleno Test Conditions
209(22)
10.6.1 Holographic Data
210(2)
Holographic specific requirements
212(2)
Bit rates and rate metrics
214(1)
Quality metrics
214(1)
SNR and PSNR
214(1)
SSIM
215(1)
Bjøntegaard metric
215(1)
VIFp
215(1)
SNR of first-order wavefield
216(1)
RMSE of retrieved phase
216(1)
Hamming distance
216(1)
Color information metric
217(1)
Configuration quality metrics and anchor codecs
217(1)
10.6.2 Point Cloud
218(1)
Test set material
218(2)
Subjective quality evaluation
220(1)
Considerations for subjective evaluation
221(1)
Rate and rate-distortion evaluation
222(1)
Scalability
222(1)
Random access
222(1)
Quality metrics
223(1)
Point-to-geometry D1 metric
223(1)
Point-to-plane geometry D2 metric
224(1)
Point-to-plane angular similarity metric
224(1)
Point-to-point attribute measure
225(1)
Target bit rates
225(1)
Anchor generation
225(1)
Anchor codecs
225(1)
10.6.3 Light Field
226(1)
Test set material
226(1)
Lenslet Lytro Illum Camera
226(1)
Fraunhofer High Density Camera Array (HDCA)
226(1)
Poznan HDCA
226(1)
Stanford HDCA
226(1)
Synthetic HCI HDCA
226(1)
Quality metrics
227(1)
RGB to YCbCr conversion
227(1)
PSNR
228(1)
SSIM
228(1)
Bjøntegaard metric
228(1)
Rate metrics
228(1)
Random access metric
228(1)
HEVC anchor generation
229(2)
11 JPEG AIC
231(4)
11.1 Advanced Image Coding
231(1)
11.2 AIC Characteristics
232(1)
10.3 AIC Codec
232(3)
12 JPEG LS
235(22)
12.1 JPEG LS Parts
235(1)
12.2 JPEG-LS Encoder Architecture
236(17)
12.2.1 JPEG-LS Modeler
237(1)
Context
237(1)
Predictor
238(3)
12.2.2 JPEG-LS Coder
241(1)
Run mode
241(1)
Coding parameters
242(1)
Codec initialization
243(1)
Encoding procedure for single component
243(1)
12.2.3 Encoding Procedure for Single Component
244(9)
12.3 Marker Assignment
253(4)
12.3.1 Decoding Procedure
253(4)
13 JPEG XL
257(6)
13.1 Scope
258(1)
13.2 Use Cases
258(1)
13.3 Requirements
259(1)
13.4 Compressed Bit-Stream Requirements
259(1)
13.5 Test Material
260(1)
13.6 Anchors
260(1)
13.7 Target Rates
261(1)
13.8 Objective Quality Testing
261(1)
13.9 Subjective Quality Testing
261(1)
13.10 Evaluation Tools
261(2)
14 JPSearch
263(14)
14.1 JPSearch Parts
264(13)
14.1.1 Part 1: Global Architecture
264(2)
14.1.2 Part 2: Schema and Ontology
266(4)
14.1.3 Part 3: Query Format
270(1)
14.1.4 Part 4: File Format
271(2)
14.1.5 Part 5: Data Interchange Format
273(1)
14.1.6 Part 6: Reference Software
274(3)
15 JPEG Systems
277(2)
15.1 JPEG Systems Parts
277(2)
16 JBIG
279(10)
16.1 Subject Matter for JBIG Coding
280(1)
16.2 Relationship Between Segments and Documents
280(2)
16.3 JBIG2 Decoder
282(3)
16.3.1 Decoding Procedure
284(1)
16.4 Lossy Coding
285(2)
16.4.1 Symbol Coding
285(1)
16.4.2 Generic Coding
286(1)
16.4.3 Halftone Coding
286(1)
16.5 Summary
287(2)
ANNEX A PROVISION
289(22)
Provision -- PeRceptually Optimized Video compresSION
289(4)
References
293(18)
Index 311(4)
About the Authors 315
K.R. Rao, Humberto Ochoa Domķnguez
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