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E-grāmata: On Justification: Economies of Worth

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A vital and underappreciated dimension of social interaction is the way individuals justify their actions to others, instinctively drawing on their experience to appeal to principles they hope will command respect. Individuals, however, often misread situations, and many disagreements can be explained by people appealing, knowingly and unknowingly, to different principles. On Justification is the first English translation of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot's ambitious theoretical examination of these phenomena, a book that has already had a huge impact on French sociology and is likely to have a similar influence in the English-speaking world.

In this foundational work of post-Bourdieu sociology, the authors examine a wide range of situations where people justify their actions. The authors argue that justifications fall into six main logics exemplified by six authors: civic (Rousseau), market (Adam Smith), industrial (Saint-Simon), domestic (Bossuet), inspiration (Augustine), and fame (Hobbes). The authors show how these justifications conflict, as people compete to legitimize their views of a situation.

On Justification is likely to spark important debates across the social sciences.

Recenzijas

"Boltanski and Thévenot's On Justification is one of the most important contributions to the field of economic sociology in the past decade. It does not fit neatly into any of the major theoretical perspectives that currently dominate the fieldinstitutionalism, organizational ecology, network analysis, rational choice, or transaction-cost economics. But precisely because it is so original, it has great potential to chart new territory and enliven debates. The book has already had an enormous impact in France, where it is one of the founding documents of the 'economics of conventions' school. It is sure to have a big impact in sociology in the United States and Britain too. I could list at least twenty major sociologists who have asked me when the book will be translated."David Stark, Columbia University

Papildus informācija

Boltanski and Thevenot's On Justification is one of the most important contributions to the field of economic sociology in the past decade. It does not fit neatly into any of the major theoretical perspectives that currently dominate the field--institutionalism, organizational ecology, network analysis, rational choice, or transaction-cost economics. But precisely because it is so original, it has great potential to chart new territory and enliven debates. The book has already had an enormous impact in France, where it is one of the founding documents of the 'economics of conventions' school. It is sure to have a big impact in sociology in the United States and Britain too. I could list at least twenty major sociologists who have asked me when the book will be translated. -- David Stark, Columbia University
Preface
How We Wrote This Book 1(1)
Generalizing Field Observations and Producing Statistical Equivalency
1(2)
Ordinary Identification and Scientific Qualification
3(1)
From Comparison to Judgment
4(3)
Construction of Proofs and Tension between the General and the Particular
7(1)
The Tension between Different Forms of Generality
8(2)
Attention to Critical Operations
10(2)
Generality and the Common Good: Concepts of Worth in Political Philosophy
12(2)
The Search for a Common Model
14(2)
The Social Bond Put to the Test of Things
16(2)
The Line of Argument
18(5)
PART ONE: THE IMPERATIVE TO JUSTIFY
23(40)
The Social Sciences and the Legitimacy of Agreement
25(18)
The Critique of Sociology's Lack of Realism
26(1)
Individualism: A Different Social Metaphysics
27(1)
Political Metaphysics as a Social Science
28(3)
The Question of Agreement
31(1)
Association and Forms of Generality
32(3)
The Order of the General and the Particular
35(2)
The Requirement of General Agreement and the Legitimacy of Order
37(3)
The Reality Test and Prudent Judgment
40(3)
The Foundation of Agreement in Political Philosophy: The Example of the Market Polity
43(20)
A Social Bond Based on an Inclination toward Exchange in One's Own Interest
44(4)
Individuals in Concert in Their Lust for Goods
48(5)
The Sympathetic Disposition and the Position of Impartial Spectator
53(10)
PART TWO: THE POLITIES
63(62)
Political Orders and a Model of Justice
65(18)
Political Philosophies of the Common Good
66(8)
The Polity Model
74(6)
An Illegitimate Order: Eugenics
80(3)
Political Forms of Worth
83(42)
The Inspired Polity
83(7)
The Domestic Polity
90(8)
The Polity of Fame
98(9)
The Civic Polity
107(11)
The Industrial Polity
118(7)
PART THREE: THE COMMON WORLDS
125(88)
Judgment Put to the Test
127(32)
Situated Judgment
127(3)
The Polity Extended to a Common World
130(3)
Tests
133(5)
Reporting on Situations
138(2)
A Framework for Analyzing the Common Worlds
140(4)
The Sense of the Common: The Moral Sense and the Sense of What Is Natural
144(4)
The Arts of Living in Different Worlds
148(11)
The Six Worlds
159(54)
The Inspired World
159(5)
The Domestic World
164(14)
The World of Fame
178(7)
The Civic World
185(8)
The Market World
193(10)
The Industrial World
203(10)
PART FOUR: CRITIQUES
213(62)
Worlds in Conflict, Judgments in Question
215(22)
Unveiling
215(4)
Causes of Discord and the Transport of Worths
219(4)
Clashes and Denunciations
223(2)
The Monstrosity of Composite Setups
225(3)
Setting Up Situations that Hold Together
228(3)
The Humanity of an Equitable Judgment
231(1)
Free Will: Knowing How to Close and Open One's Eyes
232(5)
The Critical Matrix
237(38)
Critiques from the Inspired World
237(4)
Critiques from the Domestic World
241(6)
Critiques from the World of Fame
247(4)
Critiques from the Civic World
251(10)
Critiques from the Market World
261(8)
Critiques from the Industrial World
269(6)
PART FIVE: ASSUAGING CRITICAL TENSIONS
275(72)
Compromising for the Common Good
277(16)
Beyond Testing to Compromising
277(1)
The Fragility of Compromises
278(4)
An Example of a Complex Figure: Denunciation Supported by Compromise
282(1)
Composing Compromises and Forming Polities
283(2)
Developing a State Compromise: Toward a Civic-Industrial Polity
285(8)
Figures of Compromise
293(43)
Compromises Involving the Inspired World
293(11)
Compromises Involving the Domestic World
304(13)
Compromises Involving the World of Fame
317(8)
Compromises Involving the Civic World
325(7)
Compromises Involving the Market World
332(4)
Relativization
336(11)
Private Arrangements
336(2)
Insinuation
338(1)
Flight from Justification
339(1)
Relativism
340(3)
Violence and Justification
343(4)
Afterword: Toward a Pragmatics of Reflection 347(1)
The Place of Justifications in the Gamut of Actions 347(1)
Below the Level of Public Judgment: Determining the Appropriate Action in Light of a Snag 348(2)
From Anger to Crisis 350(1)
The Moment of Truth in Judgment 351(1)
The Tension of Judgment and the Qualification of Ungraspable Persons 352(2)
Judgment between Power and Oblivion 354(1)
The Humane Use of Judgment and Tolerance in Action 355(1)
Knowledge about Actions 356(3)
Notes 359(16)
Works Cited 375
Luc Boltanski is Professor at L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. He is the author of "Distant Suffering: Morality, Media and Politics, Le Nouvel Esprit du Capitalisme", and (with Laurent Thevenot) "Les Economies de la Grandeur". Laurent Thevenot is Professor at L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. He is the author of "L'action au pluriel: Sociologie des regimes d'engagement", coauthor of "Les Economies de la Grandeur", and coeditor of "Les Objets dans L'Action, Cognition et Information en Societe", and (with Michele Lamont) "Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology: Repertoires of Evaluation in France and the United States"
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