Contributors |
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ix | |
Foreword |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
1 Systematics and Genetic Variation of Actinidia |
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9 | (36) |
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9 | (8) |
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12 | (4) |
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1.1.2 Gematodethra (Franch.) Maxim. |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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1.2 Treatment of Taxa in the Most Recent Revision of Actinldia |
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17 | (8) |
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1.2.1 Three Varieties of Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miguel |
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20 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Actinidia melanandra Franchet, Varieties and Synonyms |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Actinidia kolomikta (Ruprecht & Maximowia) Maximowicz |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Actinidia tetramera Maximowicz |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Actinidia valvata Dunn |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Actinidia callosa Lindley and A. umbelloides C.F. Liang |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.7 The Actinidia chinensis Planchon Complex |
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21 | (1) |
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1.2.8 Actinidia eriantha Bentham |
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22 | (1) |
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1.2.9 Synonomy of Actinidia fortunatii Finet & Gagnepain, A. glaucophylla F. Chun, A. henryi Dunn and A. gracifis C.F. Liang |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.10 Actinidia fulvicoma Hance, A. cinerascens C.F. Liang and A. fulvicoma f. hirsuta (Finet & Gagnepain) C.F. Ling |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.11 Actinidia hemsleyana var. kengiana (F.P. Metcalf) C.F. Liang and A. kengiana F.P. Metcalf |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.12 Actinidia carnosifolia C.V. Wu, A. carnosifolia var. glaucescens C.F. Liang, and A. henryi var. polyodonta Handel-Mauetti |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.13 Actinidia flavofioris H.Z. Jiang |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.14 Actinidia leptophyfia C.Y. Wu, A. maloides H.L. Li and A. maloides f. cordata C.F. Liang |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.15 Actinidia jiangkouensis S.D. Shi & Z.S. Zhang and A. laevissima var. floscula S.D. Shi |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.16 Actinidia guilinensis C.F. Liang |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.17 Actinidia linguiensis R.G. Li & X.G. Wang and A. wantianensis R.G. Li & L. Mo |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.18 Actinidia longicarpa R.G. Li & M.Y. Liang and A. rubrafilmenta R.G. Li & J.W. Li |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.19 Actinidia petelotfi Diels and A. rudis Dunn |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.20 Actinidia pentapetala R.G. Li & J.W. Li |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.21 Actinidia zhejiangensis C.F. Liang and Actinidia persicina R.H. Huang & S.M. Wang |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.22 Actinidia vitifolia C.Y. Wu and A. rubus H. Leveille |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.23 Actinidia rubricaulis Dunn and A. fasckuloides C.F. Liang |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2.24 Actinidia ulmifolia C.F. Liang, A. sorbifolia C.F. Liang, A. stellatopilosa C.Y. Chang, A. obovata Chun ex C.F. Liang, and A. grandiflora C.F. Liang |
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25 | (1) |
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1.3 Paleopolyploid Origin, Biogeographic Patterns, and Reticulate Evolution |
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25 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Paleopolyploid Origin and Evolution of Actinidia |
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25 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Biogeographic Patterns and Reticulate Evolution |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Pollen Size and Morphology |
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30 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Phylogenetic Relationships in Actinidia as Revealed by Pollen Morphology |
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31 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Applications of Palynology |
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32 | (3) |
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1.5 Flower Morphology and Sex Variation |
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35 | (2) |
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1.6 Ploidy Variation and Breeding Applications |
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37 | (6) |
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1.6.1 Basic Chromosome Number |
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37 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Ploidy Races and interploidy Hybridization |
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37 | (5) |
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1.6.3 Nuclear DNA Content and Flow Cytometry |
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42 | (1) |
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1.6.4 Ploidy Variation for Kiwifruit Breeding |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
2 Species |
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45 | (124) |
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46 | (3) |
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2.1a Actinidia arguta var. arguta |
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46 | (2) |
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2.1b Actinidia arguta var. giraldii |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (8) |
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2.2a Actinidia callosa var. callosa |
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49 | (2) |
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2.2b Actinidia callosa var. acuminata |
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51 | (1) |
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2.2c Actinidia callosa var. discolor |
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52 | (2) |
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2.2d Actinidia callosa var. henryi |
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54 | (2) |
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2.2e Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa |
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56 | (1) |
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2.3 Actinidia chengkouensis |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (7) |
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2.4a Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis |
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59 | (2) |
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2.4b Actinidia chinensis var. delidosa |
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61 | (3) |
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2.4c Actinidia chinensis var. setosa |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (3) |
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2.6a Actinidia cylindrica var. cylindrica |
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68 | (2) |
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2.6b Actinidia cylindrica var. reticulata |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (2) |
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2.9 Actinic& fasciculoides |
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76 | (3) |
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2.9a Actinidia fasciculoides var. fasciculoides |
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76 | (1) |
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2.9b Actinidia fasciculoides var. cuneata |
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77 | (1) |
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2.9c Actinidia fasciculoides var. orbiculate |
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78 | (1) |
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2.10 Actinidia fortunatil |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (6) |
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2.11a Actinidia fulvicoma var. fulvicoma |
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81 | (2) |
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2.11b Actinidia fulvicoma var. cinerascens |
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83 | (2) |
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2.11c Actinidia fulvicoma var. hirsuta |
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85 | (1) |
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2.11d Actinidia fulvicoma var. pachyphylla |
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86 | (1) |
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2.12 Actinic& glaucocallosa |
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87 | (2) |
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2.13 Actinic& grandiflora |
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89 | (2) |
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2.14 Actinidia hemsleyana |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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2.18 Actinidia indochinensis |
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97 | (3) |
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2.18a Aainidia indothinensis var. indochinensis |
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98 | (1) |
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2.18b Actinidia indochinensis var. ovatifolia |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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2.21 Actinidia lanceolate |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (3) |
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2.22a Actinidia latifolia var. latifolia |
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106 | (2) |
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2.22b Actinidia latifolia var. moNs |
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108 | (1) |
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2.23 Actinidia Hangguangensis |
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109 | (2) |
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2.24 Actinic& lijiangensis |
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111 | (2) |
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2.25 Actinic& linguiensis |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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2.27 Actinic& macrosperma |
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115 | (3) |
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2.27a Actinidia macrosperma var. macrosperma |
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115 | (2) |
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2.27b Aainidia macrosperma var. mumoides |
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117 | (1) |
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2.28 Actinidia melanandra |
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118 | (4) |
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2.28a Actinidia melanandra var. melanandra |
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118 | (3) |
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2.28b Actinidia melanandra var. glabrescens |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (2) |
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2.34 Actinidia rongshuiensis |
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130 | (1) |
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2.35 Actinidia rubricaulls |
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130 | (4) |
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2.35a Actinidia rubricaulis var. rubricaulis |
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130 | (2) |
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2.35b Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriacea |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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2.37a Actinidia rudis var. rudis |
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135 | (2) |
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2.37b Actinidia rudis var. glabricaulis |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (4) |
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2.39a Actinidia rufotricha var. rufotricha |
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141 | (1) |
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2.39b Actinidia rufotricha var. glomerata |
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142 | (2) |
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2.40 Actinidia sablifolla |
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144 | (2) |
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2.41 Actinidia sorbilolla |
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146 | (1) |
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2.42 Actinic& stellatopilosa |
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147 | (1) |
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2.43 Actinic& styradfolla |
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148 | (2) |
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2.44 Actinic& suberifolla |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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2.46 Actinidia trlchogyna |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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2.48 Actinic& umbelloides |
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155 | (2) |
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2.48a Actinidia umbelloides var. umbelloides |
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155 | (2) |
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2.48b Actinidia umbelloides var. flabellifolia |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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2.52 Actinidia zhefiangensis |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (2) |
3 Natural Distribution of Genus Actinidia |
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169 | (22) |
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3.1 Regional Distribution, Natural Habitats, and Wild Production |
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169 | (16) |
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169 | (14) |
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3.1.2 East Asia and Southeast Asia |
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183 | (2) |
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3.2 Vertical Distribution |
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185 | (2) |
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3.3 Geographic Distribution of Commercially Important Species |
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187 | (2) |
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3.4 Geographically Overlapping Distributions, Natural Hybridization, and Gene Introgression of Species |
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189 | (2) |
4 Domestication Commercialization of Actinidia |
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191 | (20) |
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4.1 Use of Actinidla Natural Resources in Ancient China |
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191 | (2) |
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4.2 Early Western introductions of Actinidia Species |
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193 | (1) |
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4.3 Domestication and Commercialization of A. chlnensis var. delldosa |
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194 | (6) |
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4.3.1 First Botanical Specimens |
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194 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Cultivation of A. chinensis var. deliciosa Outside China |
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195 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Commercialization of A. chinensis var. deliciosa |
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197 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Early Attempts to Cultivate A. chinensis var. chinensis Outside China |
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199 | (1) |
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4.4 Domestication and Commercialization of A. chlnensls var. chinensis |
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200 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Initial Experimental Cultivation |
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200 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Evaluation of Wild Actinidia Germplasm in China |
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201 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Commercial Cultivation of A. chinensis var. chinensis in China |
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203 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Commercialization of A. chinensis var. chinensis Outside China |
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204 | (1) |
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4.5 Domestication and Commercialization of A. kolomikta, A. arguta, A. polygama, and A. erlantha |
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204 | (1) |
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4.6 The World Kiwifruit Industry |
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205 | (6) |
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4.6.1 World Plantings of Kiwifruit |
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205 | (1) |
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4.6.2 World Production of Kiwifruit |
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206 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Important Kiwifruit Cultivars in International Trade |
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207 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Segmentation of the Kiwifruit Market |
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208 | (3) |
5 Biology, Genetic Improvement, and Cultivar Development |
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211 | (28) |
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5.1 Morphological Characteristics |
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211 | (4) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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5.2 Growth and Development Characteristics |
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215 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Fruiting Characteristics |
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217 | (1) |
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5.3 Variation in Important Fruit Characteristics of Actinldla |
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217 | (13) |
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217 | (4) |
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221 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Fruit Hairs and Skin |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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5.3.5 Ripening Indicators |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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5.3.8 Health Benefits of Kiwifruit |
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227 | (1) |
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5.3.9 Nutrient Composition |
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227 | (3) |
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5.3.10 Other Fruit Characteristics |
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230 | (1) |
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5.4 Progress in the Selection and Breeding of Actinidia |
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230 | (3) |
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5.4.1 Direct Introduction and Selection from the Wild |
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230 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Selection from Seed Collected In the Wild |
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231 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Selection from Open Pollination of Cultivars or Named Selections |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Budsport Selections |
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231 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Cultivars Developed from Systematic Breeding Programs |
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231 | (2) |
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5.4.7 Pollenizer Selections |
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233 | (1) |
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5.4.8 Cultivars of A. arguta, A. kolomikta, and A. rufa |
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233 | (1) |
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5.5 Future Cultivars of Actinldla |
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233 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Further Exploration of Wild Genetic Resources |
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234 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Gene Introgression Selection and Breeding from Natural Populations |
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234 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Gene Introgression Breeding: Theoretical and Practical Aspects |
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235 | (4) |
6 Main Cultivars in Commercial Production |
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239 | (26) |
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6.1 Main Cultivars of A. chinensis var. dellciosa |
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239 | (9) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Emihoutao No. 1 (Jinkui) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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6.1.8 Cuixiang (Ximi No. 9) |
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245 | (1) |
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6.1.9 Yumihoutao No. 2 (Huamei No. 2) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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6.1.11 Zesh004 (Green 14) |
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248 | (1) |
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6.2 Main Cultivars of A. chinensis var. chinensis |
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248 | (13) |
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6.2.1 Hort16A (Earligold, Fruit Marketed as Zespri® Gold Kiwifruit) |
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248 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Jintao (Wuzhi 81-1, C6, WIB-C-6, Fruit Marketed Outside China Under the Names Jingoldr® and Kiwita) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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6.2.7 Ganmi No. 1 (Zaoxian) |
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255 | (1) |
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6.2.8 Ganmi No. 2 (Kuimi) |
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256 | (1) |
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6.2.9 Ganmi No. 3 (Jinfeng) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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6.4 Cultivar of A. eriantha |
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262 | (3) |
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262 | (3) |
7 Cultivation and Management |
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265 | (32) |
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7.1 Kiwifruit Plant Propagation |
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265 | (4) |
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7.1.1 Seedling Propagation |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Vegetative Propagation |
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268 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Tissue Culture Micropropagation |
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268 | (1) |
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7.2 Culture and Management |
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269 | (11) |
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7.2.1 Orchard Establishment |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Training and Pruning |
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275 | (4) |
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7.2.4 Management of Flowers and Fruit |
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279 | (1) |
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7.3 Pests, Diseases, and Control |
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280 | (17) |
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7.3.1 The History of Pests and Diseases on Kiwifruit |
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280 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Important Diseases and Their Control |
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281 | (11) |
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7.3.3 Major Pests, Prevention, and Control |
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292 | (5) |
8 Harvest and Storage |
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297 | (12) |
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8.1 Harvest and Postharvest Handling |
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297 | (5) |
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297 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Postharvest Handling |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (7) |
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302 | (3) |
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8.2.2 Main Factors in Storage and CA Storage Parameters |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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309 | (20) |
Index |
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329 | |