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E-grāmata: Knee: Form, Function, and Ligament Reconstruction

Foreword by , Illustrated by , Translated by ,
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642617638
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Knee: Form, Function, and Ligament ReconstructionPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642617638
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This new treatise is the most outstanding piece of work on the knee and its associated ligaments currently available. Never before have I seen such an extensive study of the biomechanics of the knee with such a comprehensive review of the literature. The first section of the book, which deals with the functional anatomy (structure and biomechanics), immediately alerts the reader to the necessity of understanding the natural develop- ment and action of the related structures, clearly emphasizing that successful diagnosis and treatment cannot otherwise be expected; the many who want an easy standard approach to each classic problem may find this hard to accept. Study what Werner Muller has written and compare it with your own findings from repeated dissection of anatomical specimens. The author goes on to stress that to have a real grasp of reconstructive surgery of the ligaments, one must be properly acquainted with the pathology and the repair of acute lesions. In no other way can one learn to recognize chronic problems. Once this step has been mastered it can be seen that the reconstructive procedures that Muller advocates do, for the most part, follow the laws of Nature rather than create the kind of abnormalities which often disrupt natural anatomical func- tion.
Anatomy.- Form, Function, and Synergisms.- Kinematics.- Kinematics of
the Rolling-Gliding Principle.- Model of the Crossed Four-Bar Linkage.-
Varying Ratio of Rolling to Gliding.- Kinematics and Anatomic Form of the
Femoral Condyle.- Superposition of the Patellar Gliding Surface on the
Femoral Condyle.- The Cruciate Ligaments as the Foundation of Knee Joint
Kinematics.- Kinematics and Applied Physiology and Pathophysiology of the
Ligaments.- Cruciate Ligaments.- Collateral Ligaments.- Medial Collateral
Ligament.- Inevitable Placement of Some Ligament Fibers Outside the
Theoretical Ideal Line.- The Ideal Lines of Ligament Insertion and the
"Dynamization" of Articular Ligaments.- The Retinaculum and Pes Anserinus as
"Dynamized Ligaments".- The Medial Ligament System During Movement.- The
Lateral Collateral Ligament.- The Lateral Ligament System During Movement.-
The Iliotibial Tract as a Direct Femorotibial Collateral Ligament.- The
Theoretical Interplay of the Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments.- Automatic
Rotation, Terminal Rotation, Initial Rotation.- The Cruciate Ligaments and
Movement of the Knee Joint in More Than One Plane.- The Three-Dimensional
Four-Bar Linkage and the Central Pivot.- The Posteromedial Corner
(Semimembranosus Corner).- Interaction of the Ligaments During Rotation.- The
Posterolateral Corner (Popliteus Corner).- Active Stabilization Under
Proprioceptive Control.- Rotation.- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Free
and Active Rotation.- Active Rotation by the Extensors.- Active Rotation by
the Flexors.- Varus-Flexion-IR and Valgus-Flexion-ER.- Injuries of the Active
Rotational System.- Agonism and Antagonism Between Extensor-Flexors and
Rotators.- Passive Rotatory Stabilization.- The Principle of the Triangular
Structure in Passive Rotatory Stabilization.- The Role of the Fabella.- The
Triangular Arrangement of the MCL and POL as an Aid to Passive Rotatory
Stabilization.- Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Menisci During
Rotation.- Examination of the Injured Knee Joint.- General Symptoms.- Testing
the Stability of the Knee.- General Considerations and Methods.- Testing
Lateral Stability.- Measurement of Instability.- Testing Anterior and
Posterior Stability.- Roentgenographic Examination.- Testing Rotational
Stability.- Pathophysiology of Rotatory Instabilities.- Cruciate Ligament
Insufficiency and Lateral Subluxation Phenomena with the Corresponding
Clinical Tests.- Classification of Instabilities.- Instabilities in One Plane
or About One Axis.- Rotatory Instabilities.- Combined Instabilities.-
Ligamentous Injuries and Instabilities.- Analysis of the Biomechanical
Effects of Ligamentous Injuries on Stability in the Four Quadrants.-
Instability -.- The Medial Ligament System During Movement.- The Lateral
Collateral Ligament.- The Lateral Ligament System During Movement.- The
Iliotibial Tract as a Direct Femorotibial Collateral Ligament.- The
Theoretical Interplay of the Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments.- Automatic
Rotation, Terminal Rotation, Initial Rotation.- The Cruciate Ligaments and
Movement of the Knee Joint in More Than One Plane.- The Three-Dimensional
Four-Bar Linkage and the Central Pivot.- The Posteromedial Corner
(Semimembranosus Corner).- Interaction of the Ligaments During Rotation.- The
Posterolateral Corner (Popliteus Corner).- Active Stabilization Under
Proprioceptive Control.- Rotation.- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Free
and Active Rotation.- Active Rotation by the Extensors.- Active Rotation by
the Flexors.- Varus-Flexion-IR and Valgus-Flexion-ER.- Injuries of the Active
Rotational System.- Agonism and Antagonism Between Extensor-Flexors and
Rotators.- Passive Rotatory Stabilization.- The Principle of the Triangular
Structure in Passive Rotatory Stabilization.- The Role of the Fabella.- The
Triangular Arrangement of the MCL and POL as an Aid to Passive Rotatory
Stabilization.- Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Menisci During
Rotation.- Examination of the Injured Knee Joint.- General Symptoms.- Testing
the Stability of the Knee.- General Considerations and Methods.- Testing
Lateral Stability.- Measurement of Instability.- Testing Anterior and
Posterior Stability.- Roentgenographic Examination.- Testing Rotational
Stability.- Pathophysiology of Rotatory Instabilities.- Cruciate Ligament
Insufficiency and Lateral Subluxation Phenomena with the Corresponding
Clinical Tests.- Classification of Instabilities.- Instabilities in One Plane
or About One Axis.- Rotatory Instabilities.- Combined Instabilities.-
Ligamentous Injuries and Instabilities.- Analysis of the Biomechanical
Effects of Ligamentous Injuries on Stability in the Four Quadrants.-
Instability - Disability.- Injuries of the Ligaments and Capsule.- General.-
The Layers of the Medial Capsuloligamentous System.- Medial Ligamentous
Injuries with Disruptions of Bone and Ligament Continuity.- The Ligamentous
Injury as a Function of the Force and Rate of Deformation.- The Three Degrees
of Severity of Ligamentous Injuries.- General Operating Technique.- Suturing
Technique for the Various Degrees of Ligamentous Injury.- The Fixation of
Avulsed Ligaments with a Screw and Toothed Washer.- Surgical Approaches.-
Vessels and Nerves.- Medial Incisions.- Lateral Incisions.- Lateral Long
Parapatellar Incision.- Posterior Approach to the Knee Joint.- The Primary
Repair of Special Injuries.- Injuries of the Medial Side and Their Repair.-
General.- The Normal Medial Aspect.- Tears of the Deep Layer and the POL.-
Proximal Avulsion of Both Medial Ligaments.- Principal Tears of the Classic
Medial Collateral Ligament.- Temporary Internal Splinting.- Typical Lesions
Accompanying Injuries of the Medial Side.- Special Injuries of the
Semimembranosus Corner.- Concluding Remarks on Medial Injuries.- Injuries of
the Lateral Side and Their Repair.- General.- The Major Passive and Active
Stabilizing Structures of the Lateral Side.- Injuries of the Lateral
Collateral Ligament (LCL).- Combined Injuries.- Injuries of the Cruciate
Ligaments and Their Repair.- The Blood Supply of the Cruciate Ligaments.- The
Normal Structure of the Cruciate Ligaments.- Tears of the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament and Their Repair.- Recurrent Post-Traumatic Hemarthrosis.-
Compensation Limit and Decompensation Threshold.- Compensatory Reserve.-
Tears of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament.- Pure Ligamentous Ruptures.-
Isolated Cruciate Ligament Tears.- Secondary Repair and Plastic
Reconstruction of the Ligaments in Old Injuries.- General.- Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction and Repair of the Central Pivot.- Our Current Technique of
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction.- Arthroscopy in the Planning of Cruciate Ligament Repairs.-
Old Combined Ruptures of the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments.-
Secondary Repair of the Periphery and Reconstruction of the Five Main
Ligaments and Capsule.- The Capsule.- The Semimembranosus Corner.- The Medial
Collateral Ligament and Its Secondary Repair.- Repair of the Popliteus
Corner.- Repair of the Lateral Collateral Ligament.- Repair of the Lateral
Femorotibial Ligamentous Attachment.- Our Current Technique of Anterolateral
Femorotibial Reconstruction (1979-1980).- Concomitant Traumatic Cartilage
Damage and Its Treatment.- Fresh Concomitant Cartilage Damage.- Concomitant
Cartilage Damage in Chronic Instability.- The Treatment of Concomitant
Cartilage Damage.- The Effect of Cartilage Damage on Postoperative Care.-
Complications.- General Guidelines for Operative Procedures.- Preparing for
the Operation.- Instruments.- Suture Material.- Antibiotic Prophylaxis.-
Postoperative Rehabilitation.- General.- Goals of Rehabilitation.- The
Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Foundations of Postoperative
Rehabilitation.- General and Patellar Cartilage Problems.- Muscular Atrophy.-
Problems of the Suprapatellar Pouch.- General Pathophysiologic
Considerations.- Tools of Rehabilitation.- Postoperative Positioning.-
Postoperative Immobilization.- Recent Developments in Postoperative
Mobilization.- Active Mobilization.- Weight-Bearing During Rehabilitation.-
Physical Therapy.- Pharmacotherapy.- Local Anesthesia.- Examination and
Mobilization Under General Anesthesia.- Psychological Guidance.- Clinical
Material and Results.- General.- Operative vs. Non-Operative Treatment.-
Indication for Operative or Non-Operative Treatment.- Our Results for the
Period 1971 - 1977.- Clinical Material.- Results.- Assessment of Results.-
List of Sources.- References.
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