Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Land Law Directions 7th Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

3.00/5 (2 ratings by Goodreads)
(Deputy Vice Chancellor, University of Worcester), (Dean of Law, University of Buckingham)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 544 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x23 mm, weight: 1038 g
  • Sērija : Directions
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Jun-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198839812
  • ISBN-13: 9780198839811
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 56,83 €*
  • * Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena
  • Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena.
  • Daudzums:
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
Land Law Directions 7th Revised editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 544 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x23 mm, weight: 1038 g
  • Sērija : Directions
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Jun-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198839812
  • ISBN-13: 9780198839811
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198839811.html
Keywords:
Does land law's specialized and historic vocabulary make it hard for your students to engage?

Designed to support a progressive learning experience, Land Law Directions provides a lively introduction to the subject and makes this often daunting area clear and engaging.

The Directions series has been written with students in mind. The ideal guide as they approach the subject for the first time, this book will help them:

- Gain a complete understanding of the topic: just the right amount of detail conveyed clearly - Understand the law in context: with scene-setting introductions and highlighted case extracts, the practical importance of the law becomes clear

- Identify when and how to evaluate the law critically: they'll be introduced to the key areas of debate and given the confidence to question the law - Deepen and test knowledge: visually engaging learning and self-testing features aid understanding and help students tackle assessments with confidence - Elevate their learning: with the ground-work in place they can aspire to take learning to the next level, with direction provided on how to go further



Digital formats and resources This seventh edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats and is supported by online resources. - The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features and links that offer extra learning support. www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks - The online resources that support the book include: - Guidance on answering the end-of-chapter questions - Additional self-test questions with answer feedback to test student's knowledge - Links to further reading to enhance topic knowledge - Flashcard glossary to revise key terms - Additional support on advanced topics including adverse possession, and easements and profits

Recenzijas

A very strong text for introducing key concepts and cases that is accessible to students of all abilities. * Christopher Busst, University of Wolverhampton Law School *

Guide to using the book iv
Guide to the Online Resources vi
New to this edition vii
Preface viii
Publisher acknowledgements viii
Table of cases
xxiii
Table of legislation
xxxi
PART I INTRODUCTION
1(56)
Chapter 1 What is land?
3(26)
1.1 The definition of land
4(18)
1.1.1 Land of any tenure
4(1)
1.1.2 The extent of land
5(1)
1.1.2.1 Subterranean space
6(1)
1.1.2.2 Airspace
7(3)
1.1.3 Corporeal hereditaments
10(1)
1.1.3.1 Fixtures
10(7)
Everyday items
17(1)
Tenant's fixtures
18(1)
1.1.3.2 Water
19(1)
1.1.3.3 Animals
20(1)
1.1.3.4 Plants
20(1)
1.1.4 Incorporeal hereditaments
20(2)
1.2 Objects lost and found in and on the land
22(7)
1.2.1 In the land
22(1)
1.2.2 On the land
23(1)
1.2.3 Treasure
24(1)
1.2.4 Summary
25(1)
Summary
26(1)
The bigger picture
26(1)
Questions
27(1)
Further reading
28(1)
Chapter 2 The structure of land law
29(28)
2.1 The historical context
30(1)
2.2 The earliest developments: tenures and estates
31(4)
2.2.1 Tenures
32(2)
2.2.2 Estates
34(1)
2.2.3 Crown land
35(1)
2.3 Common law and equity
35(2)
2.3.1 The effect of equity on land law
36(1)
2.4 Legal and equitable estates and interests
37(5)
2.4.1 The doctrine of notice
38(1)
2.4.1.1 `Bona fide'---in good faith
39(1)
2.4.1.2 `Purchaser of the legal estate'
39(1)
2.4.1.3 `For value'
39(1)
2.4.1.4 `Without notice'
39(1)
Actual notice
40(1)
Constructive notice
40(1)
Imputed notice
41(1)
2.4.2 Summary
41(1)
2.5 The 1925 property legislation
42(11)
2.5.1 The two legal estates
44(1)
2.5.1.1 Legal interests in land
45(1)
2.5.1.2 Summary
46(1)
2.5.2 Registration
46(1)
2.5.2.1 Unregistered land---registration of land charges
47(1)
Registrable interests
47(2)
Effect of registration
49(1)
Consequences of failure to register
49(1)
Problems with registration of land charges
50(2)
2.5.2.2 Registered land
52(1)
2.5.3 Lifting equitable interests off the land: overreaching
53(1)
2.6 Conclusion
53(4)
Summary
54(1)
The bigger picture
54(1)
Questions
55(1)
Further reading
55(2)
PART 2 LEGAL ESTATES
57(140)
Chapter 3 The freehold estate
59(20)
3.1 The fee simple absolute in possession
60(5)
3.1.1 Fee simple
60(1)
3.1.2 Absolute
60(1)
3.1.2.1 Determinable
60(1)
3.1.2.2 Conditional
61(1)
3.1.2.3 Differences between determinable and conditional fees
61(2)
3.1.3 In possession
63(1)
3.1.3.1 In remainder
63(1)
3.1.3.2 In reversion
64(1)
3.1.4 Summary
65(1)
3.2 The creation of a legal freehold
65(1)
3.3 Transfer of the legal freehold
65(14)
3.3.1 Negotiation and agreement
66(2)
3.3.2 Formation of the contract and exchange of contracts
68(2)
3.3.3 Transfer or conveyance of the legal estate
70(1)
3.3.3.1 Proof of title
70(1)
Registered land
70(1)
Unregistered land
70(1)
3.3.3.2 The requirement for a deed
70(6)
3.3.4 Registration
76(1)
Summary
76(1)
The bigger picture
77(1)
Questions
77(1)
Further reading
78(1)
Chapter 4 Registration of title
79(42)
4.1 The principles of registration
80(1)
4.2 The legislative framework
80(1)
4.3 The register of title
81(4)
4.4 Crown land
85(1)
4.5 First registration of title
85(14)
4.5.1 Cautions against first registration
86(1)
4.5.2 Classes of title
87(1)
4.5.3 The effect of registration with absolute title
87(3)
4.5.4 Interests protected by notice on the register
90(3)
4.5.5 Interests protected on the register by the entry of a restriction
93(1)
4.5.6 Interests that override first registration
94(1)
4.5.6.1 Leases
94(1)
4.5.6.2 Persons in actual occupation
95(1)
Interests in land capable of overriding
96(1)
Actual occupation
96(2)
4.5.6.3 Easements and profits
98(1)
4.5.6.4 Customary and public rights
98(1)
4.5.6.5 Local land charges
98(1)
4.5.6.6 Mineral rights
99(1)
4.5.6.7 Miscellaneous rights
99(1)
4.6 Registrable dispositions
99(10)
4.6.1 The protection of those who are registered as a result of a registrable disposition
103(1)
4.6.1.1 Forged dispositions
104(1)
4.6.1.2 What happens if the purchaser actually knows about an unregistered interest?
104(2)
4.6.2 Interests that override registered dispositions
106(1)
4.6.2.1 Interests of persons in actual occupation
107(1)
4.6.2.2 Easements and profits
108(1)
4.6.3 Electronic conveyancing (e-conveyancing)
108(1)
4.7 Alteration of the register
109(12)
4.7.1 Introduction
109(1)
4.7.2 Who can alter the register?
109(1)
4.7.3 The grounds for altering the register
110(1)
4.7.3.1 Correcting a mistake
110(1)
4.7.3.2 Bringing the register up to date
111(1)
4.7.3.3 Giving effect to any estate, right, or interest excepted from the effect of registration
111(1)
4.7.3.4 Removal of superfluous entries
111(1)
4.7.4 Restrictions on altering the register: rectification against a proprietor in possession
111(3)
4.7.5 Indemnity
114(1)
4.7.5.1 Loss caused by rectification
114(1)
4.7.5.2 Loss caused by a decision not to rectify
115(1)
4.7.5.3 Losses caused by other types of mistake
115(1)
4.7.5.4 Fraud or lack of proper care
116(1)
4.7.5.5 The amount of indemnity payable
117(1)
Summary
117(1)
The bigger picture
118(1)
Questions
118(1)
Further reading
119(2)
Chapter 5 Leases
121(43)
5.1 Frequently used terms
121(1)
5.2 Leases in practice: some examples
122(1)
5.3 Statutory protection
123(3)
5.3.1 Definition of a lease
123(1)
5.3.2 Types of lease
124(1)
5.3.2.1 Fixed-term lease
124(1)
5.3.2.2 Periodic tenancy
124(1)
5.3.2.3 Tenancy at will
125(1)
5.3.2.4 Tenancy at sufferance
125(1)
5.3.2.5 Tenancy by estoppel
125(1)
5.4 Creation of a lease
126(3)
5.4.1 Legal leases
126(1)
5.4.1.1 Leases of three years or less
126(1)
5.4.1.2 Registration
127(1)
5.4.1.3 Summary
127(1)
5.4.2 Equitable leases
128(1)
5.5 Essential characteristics of a lease
129(8)
5.5.1 Certain term
130(1)
5.5.2 Rent
131(1)
5.5.3 Exclusive possession
132(2)
5.5.4 Lodgers
134(1)
5.5.5 Multiple occupiers
134(2)
5.5.6 Business premises
136(1)
5.5.7 Exceptional cases
136(1)
5.5.7.1 No intention to create a legal relationship
136(1)
5.5.7.2 Service occupancy
136(1)
5.5.7.3 No power to grant a tenancy
136(1)
5.6 Leasehold covenants
137(7)
5.6.1 The landlord's covenants
138(1)
5.6.1.1 Quiet enjoyment
138(1)
5.6.1.2 Non-derogation from grant
139(1)
5.6.1.3 Covenant to repair
140(1)
At common law
140(1)
Under statute
140(1)
5.6.2 The tenant's covenants
141(1)
5.6.2.1 Rent
141(1)
5.6.2.2 Repair
142(1)
5.6.2.3 Waste
142(1)
5.6.2.4 Assignment or subletting
143(1)
5.6.2.5 Breach of the tenant's covenants
144(1)
5.7 Assignment and the running of covenants
144(5)
5.7.1 Step 1: Laura and Tilly
146(1)
5.7.2 Step 2: Laura assigns the reversion to Leo
146(1)
5.7.3 Step 3: Tilly assigns her lease to Trevor
147(1)
5.7.4 After Step 2: assignment of the reversion
147(1)
5.7.4.1 Leases granted after 1995
147(1)
5.7.4.2 Leases granted before 1996
148(1)
5.7.5 After Step 3: assignment of the tenancy
149(1)
5.7.5.1 Leases granted after 1995
149(1)
5.7.5.2 Leases granted before 1996
149(1)
5.8 Putting it all together
149(8)
5.9 Ending a lease
157(3)
5.10 Commonhold
160(1)
5.11 Reform
161(3)
Summary
161(1)
The bigger picture
162(1)
Questions
162(1)
Further reading
163(1)
Chapter 6 Adverse possession
164(33)
6.1 Reasons for allowing adverse possession
165(1)
6.2 Arguments against allowing adverse possession
166(1)
6.3 Changes to the law
167(1)
6.4 The main statutory provisions
167(4)
6.4.1 The Limitation Act 1980
167(2)
6.4.2 The Land Registration Act 1925
169(1)
6.4.3 The Land Registration Act 2002
170(1)
6.4.4 The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
170(1)
6.5 What does a squatter need to show to make a claim to the land?
171(8)
6.5.1 Discontinuance or dispossession
171(1)
6.5.2 Adverse possession
171(1)
6.5.2.1 Physical possession
172(2)
6.5.2.2 Intention to possess (animuspossidendi)
174(1)
6.5.2.3 Without consent
175(1)
Tenancies
175(1)
Trustees
176(1)
Licences
176(1)
Vendor and purchaser licences
176(1)
Express licences
177(1)
Implied licences
178(1)
6.6 Human rights
179(1)
6.7 Offence of squatting in a residential building
180(1)
6.8 Stopping the clock
181(2)
6.8.1 Successful action for possession within limitation period
181(1)
6.8.2 Regaining physical possession
181(1)
6.8.3 Acknowledgement of the paper owner's title by the squatter
182(1)
6.8.4 Payment of rent by the squatter
182(1)
6.8.5 The grant of a licence
182(1)
6.8.6 Letter threatening action
183(1)
6.8.7 Fraud, concealment, or mistake
183(1)
6.9 The effect of adverse possession
183(8)
6.9.1 Unregistered land
183(1)
6.9.1.1 Freehold land
183(1)
6.9.1.2 Leasehold land
184(1)
6.9.2 Registered land
185(1)
6.9.2.1 Periods of limitation completed by 12 October 2003
185(1)
Freehold land
185(1)
Leasehold land
185(1)
6.9.2.2 Limitation periods completed from 13 October 2003
186(2)
`Estoppel'
188(1)
`Otherwise entitled to the land'
188(1)
Boundary disputes
189(1)
Rejected applications
190(1)
A comparison between the Limitation Act 1980 and the Land Registration Act 2002
190(1)
6.10 How do I know which law applies?
191(6)
Summary
192(1)
The bigger picture
193(1)
Questions
193(1)
Further reading
194(3)
PART 3 SOLE AND JOINT OWNERS OF LAND
197(124)
Chapter 7 The sole owner of land
199(25)
7.1 Who is an `owner' of land and what can he or she do with it?
200(1)
7.2 The sole owner: three possibilities
201(5)
7.2.1 Sole legal and sole equitable owner
202(1)
7.2.2 Sole legal owner, holding the equitable title on trust for someone else
202(2)
7.2.3 Sole legal owner, holding for him- or herself and (an)other equitable owner(s)
204(2)
7.3 Protection for equitable owners and purchasers
206(18)
7.3.1 Protection primarily for the purchaser: overreaching
206(2)
7.3.2 Protection for the equitable owner: restriction
208(1)
7.3.3 Protection of beneficiaries under a trust of land: overriding interests
209(1)
7.3.3.1 The old law: the Land Registration Act 1925
209(2)
Actual occupation
211(1)
Temporary absences
211(1)
Nature of the property
212(1)
Timing
213(2)
Non-disclosure of an interest
215(1)
7.3.3.2 The new law: the Land Registration Act 2002
215(1)
When will the interest not be overriding?
216(3)
Recent developments
219(1)
7.3.4 Overreaching tops overriding
220(1)
Summary
221(1)
The bigger picture
221(1)
Questions
222(1)
Further reading
222(2)
Chapter 8 Joint owners of land (co-ownership)
224(27)
8.1 Types of co-ownership
225(1)
8.1.1 Joint tenancy
225(1)
8.1.2 Tenancy in common
225(1)
8.2 Legal and equitable ownership
226(1)
8.3 Joint tenancy
227(3)
8.3.1 Legal title
227(1)
8.3.2 Equitable title
228(1)
8.3.2.1 Requirements for a joint tenancy in equity
229(1)
8.4 Tenancy in common
230(2)
8.4.1 Legal title
230(1)
8.4.2 Equitable title
231(1)
8.4.2.1 Requirements for a tenancy in common in equity
231(1)
8.5 Which is which? Identifying a joint tenancy or a tenancy in common
232(2)
8.5.1 Express declaration
232(1)
8.5.2 General presumption
233(1)
8.5.3 Exceptions
233(1)
8.5.3.1 Business partnerships
233(1)
8.5.3.2 Joint mortgagees
233(1)
8.5.3.3 Unequal contributions to purchase price
233(1)
8.6 Severance
234(11)
8.6.1 Means of severance
236(1)
8.6.1.1 Statutory severance: written notice
236(2)
8.6.1.2 Other methods of severance
238(1)
Joint tenant `operating on his own share'
238(1)
Mutual agreement
239(1)
Mutual conduct or `course of dealing'
240(3)
Forfeiture
243(2)
8.7 Impact on the land register
245(6)
8.7.1 Joint tenants
246(1)
8.7.2 Tenants in common
246(1)
8.7.3 Severance
247(1)
Summary
248(1)
The bigger picture
248(1)
Questions
249(1)
Further reading
249(2)
Chapter 9 Trusts and the family home
251(32)
9.1 Acquiring an equitable interest
252(1)
9.1.1 Joint registered owner cases
252(1)
9.1.2 Sole legal owner cases
252(1)
9.2 Express trust
253(1)
9.3 Resulting and constructive trusts in context
253(4)
9.3.1 Family breakdowns
255(1)
9.3.2 Bank seeking possession
256(1)
9.4 Resulting trusts
257(4)
9.4.1 Introduction
257(1)
9.4.2 Contribution to purchase price
257(2)
9.4.3 Other kinds of contribution
259(1)
9.4.3.1 Mortgage payments
259(1)
9.4.3.2 Household expenses
259(1)
9.4.4 Rebutting the presumption
260(1)
9.4.4.1 Presumption of advancement
260(1)
9.5 Constructive trusts
261(16)
9.5.1 Introduction
261(1)
9.5.2 Lloyds Bank pic v. Rosset
262(1)
9.5.2.1 Express common intention
263(1)
Detriment
264(1)
Back to Mrs Rosset
264(1)
9.5.2.2 Inferred common intention
264(1)
Detriment
265(1)
Mrs Rosset again
265(1)
9.5.2.3 Problems with Rosset
265(3)
9.5.3 Shares
268(2)
9.5.3.1 Oxley v. Hiscock
270(1)
9.5.3.2 Stack v. Dowden
270(3)
9.5.3.3 Jones v. Kernott
273(3)
Sole legal owner cases and Jones v. Kernott
276(1)
Resulting trusts and Jones v. Kernott
277(1)
9.6 And finally, back to Mrs Burns
277(1)
9.7 Law Commission---proposals for reform
278(5)
Summary
279(1)
The bigger picture
280(1)
Questions
280(1)
Further reading
281(2)
Chapter 10 Proprietary estoppel
283(18)
10.1 The two-stage process
284(1)
10.2 Stage 1: The estoppel
284(6)
10.2.1 Assurance
285(1)
10.2.2 Reliance
286(1)
10.2.3 Detriment
286(2)
10.2.4 Unconscionability
288(1)
10.2.5 Timing of the equity
289(1)
10.3 Stage 2: The remedy
290(1)
10.4 Key cases in the doctrine of proprietary estoppel
291(6)
10.5 Significance of the differences between constructive trusts and proprietary estoppel
297(1)
10.6 Mrs Burns revisited
298(3)
Summary
298(1)
The bigger picture
299(1)
Questions
299(1)
Further reading
299(2)
Chapter 11 Trusts of land
301(20)
11.1 The Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
302(1)
11.2 The need for the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
302(1)
11.3 Trusts of land
303(6)
11.3.1 The trustees
303(1)
11.3.1.1 Powers and duties of the trustees
303(1)
11.3.1.2 Restriction of the trustees' powers
304(1)
11.3.1.3 Consultation
305(1)
11.3.2 Rights of the beneficiaries
305(1)
11.3.2.1 Occupation
305(2)
11.3.2.2 Restriction/exclusion of occupation
307(2)
11.4 Powers of the court
309(5)
11.4.1 Factors that the court must consider
310(1)
11.4.1.1 Section 15(1)(a): intention
311(1)
11.4.1.2 Section 15(1)(b): purpose
311(1)
11.4.1.3 Section 15(1)(c): welfare of minors
312(1)
11.4.1.4 Section 15(1)(d): interests of secured creditors
312(2)
11.4.1.5 Section 15(3): circumstances and wishes of beneficiaries
314(1)
11.5 Bankruptcy
314(2)
11.6 The old law: prior to the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
316(5)
11.6.1 The Settled Land Act 1925
316(1)
Summary
317(1)
The bigger picture
318(1)
Questions
318(1)
Further reading
319(2)
PART 4 RIGHTS OVER LAND
321(128)
Chapter 12 Easements and profits
323(46)
12.1 Why are easements and profits important?
323(2)
12.2 What is an easement?
325(9)
12.2.1 There must be a dominant and a servient tenement
327(1)
12.2.2 An easement must accommodate the dominant tenement
327(1)
12.2.3 The dominant and servient owners must be different persons
328(1)
12.2.4 The right must be capable of forming the subject matter of a grant
329(1)
12.2.4.1 There must be a capable grantor and capable grantee
329(1)
12.2.5 There must be certainty of description
329(1)
12.2.6 The right must be of a type generally recognized by the law as an easement
329(1)
12.2.6.1 Novel rights
330(1)
12.2.6.2 Expenditure of money
331(1)
12.2.6.3 Excessive use of the servient tenement---'ouster'
332(1)
12.2.7 A comparison of easements with other rights
333(1)
12.3 Common types of easement
334(6)
12.3.1 Rights of way
334(3)
12.3.2 Rights of parking
337(1)
12.3.3 Rights of storage
338(1)
12.3.4 Rights of light
338(1)
12.3.5 Right to air
339(1)
12.3.6 Rights of support
339(1)
12.3.7 Rights of water
340(1)
12.3.8 Right to fencing
340(1)
12.3.9 Use of facilities
340(1)
12.4 Acquisition of easements
340(20)
12.4.1 Grant and reservation of easements
340(1)
12.4.2 Express grant or reservation
341(1)
12.4.2.1 Express grant
341(1)
12.4.2.2 Express reservation
342(1)
12.4.3 Implied grant or reservation
343(1)
12.4.3.1 Implied reservation of easements
344(1)
Reservations of necessity
344(1)
Reservation of common intention
344(1)
12.4.3.2 Implied grant of easements
345(1)
Granted of necessity
345(1)
Granted by common intention
346(1)
Under the rule in Wheeldon v. Burrows
347(1)
Under Law of Property Act 1925, s.62
348(3)
12.4.3.3 Summary of implied easements
351(1)
12.4.4 Prescription
352(1)
12.4.4.1 `Continuous user' by the dominant owner
352(1)
Without force (nec vi)
353(1)
Without secrecy (nec clam)
353(1)
Without permission (necprecario)
353(1)
Illegal use
354(1)
12.4.4.2 Acquiescence by the servient owner
354(1)
12.4.4.3 Common law prescription
355(1)
12.4.4.4 Lost modern grant
355(1)
12.4.4.5 The Prescription Act 1832
356(1)
Easements other than light
356(2)
Easements of light
358(1)
Deductions under the Act
359(1)
12.4.4.6 A summary of easements by prescription
359(1)
12.5 Registration of easements
360(2)
12.5.1 Registered land
360(1)
12.5.1.1 Express grants
360(1)
12.5.1.2 Implied easements and those created by prescription
361(1)
12.5.2 Unregistered land
362(1)
12.6 Remedies for infringement of an easement
362(1)
12.7 Extinguishment of easements
362(1)
12.8 The Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992
363(1)
12.9 The Party Walls etc. Act 1996
364(1)
12.10 Profits a prendre
364(1)
12.11 Proposed reforms
365(4)
Summary
365(1)
The bigger picture
366(1)
Questions
366(1)
Further reading
367(2)
Chapter 13 Covenants in freehold land
369(46)
13.1 What is a covenant?
370(1)
13.2 Enforceability
371(3)
13.3 The original parties to the covenant
374(3)
13.3.1 Law of Property Act 1925, s. 56(1)
374(1)
13.3.2 The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
375(2)
13.4 The common law rules for passing of the benefit and burden of a covenant
377(6)
13.4.1 The passing of the benefit at common law
377(2)
13.4.1.1 The covenant `touches and concerns' land of the covenantee
379(1)
13.4.1.2 At the time when the covenant was made, it was intended that the benefit should run with the land to the covenantee's successors in title
379(1)
13.4.1.3 At the time the covenant was made, the covenantee held a legal estate in the land to be benefited
380(1)
13.4.1.4 The successor in title derives his or her title from, or under, the original covenantee
380(1)
13.4.1.5 Assignment of the benefit of a covenant at common law
381(1)
13.4.2 The passing of the burden at common law
382(1)
13.5 The equitable rules for the passing of the benefit and the burden
383(17)
13.5.1 The passing of the benefit in equity
384(1)
13.5.1.1 Annexation
385(1)
Express annexation
385(2)
Implied annexation
387(1)
Statutory annexation
388(3)
13.5.1.2 Assignment
391(2)
13.5.1.3 Building schemes
393(3)
13.5.2 The passing of the burden of restrictive covenants in equity
396(1)
13.5.2.1 The covenant must be restrictive
397(1)
13.5.2.2 At the date of the covenant, the covenantee owned land that was benefited by the covenant
397(1)
13.5.2.3 The original parties intended the burden to run with the land to bind successors in title
398(1)
13.5.2.4 The covenantor must take with notice of the covenant
399(1)
Unregistered land
399(1)
Registered land
399(1)
13.5.3 When should the common law rules for the passing of the benefit be used and when should the equitable rules be used?
400(1)
13.6 Positive covenants
400(5)
13.6.1 Granting a leasehold estate
400(1)
13.6.2 Leasehold enfranchisement
401(1)
13.6.3 Commonhold
401(1)
13.6.4 Estate rentcharges
401(1)
13.6.5 Doctrine of mutual benefit and burden
401(2)
13.6.6 Chains of indemnity covenants
403(1)
13.6.7 Covenants entered into by successors in title
404(1)
13.6.8 The easement of fencing
405(1)
13.7 Breach of covenant
405(3)
13.7.1 Remedies for breach of covenant
406(2)
13.8 Modification and discharge of covenants
408(3)
13.9 Proposals for reform
411(4)
Summary
411(1)
The bigger picture
412(1)
Questions
412(1)
Further reading
413(2)
Chapter 14 Mortgages
415(34)
14.1 Terminology
416(1)
14.2 Creating a mortgage
416(2)
14.3 Legal mortgages
418(24)
14.3.1 Creating a legal mortgage
418(1)
14.3.1.1 Grant by demise (`term of years absolute')
418(1)
14.3.1.2 Legal charge (`charge by deed')
418(1)
14.3.2 Rights of the mortgagor
419(1)
14.3.2.1 Clogs and fetters
420(1)
14.3.2.2 The right to redeem
420(2)
14.3.2.3 Collateral advantages
422(1)
14.3.2.4 Options to purchase
423(1)
14.3.3 Rights and remedies of the mortgagee
423(1)
14.3.3.1 Suing on the personal covenant
424(1)
14.3.3.2 The right to possession
425(1)
Hope for the mortgagor
425(4)
Pre-action protocol
429(1)
Time limits
429(2)
Duties of the mortgagee in possession
431(1)
14.3.3.3 Appointing a receiver
431(1)
14.3.3.4 Power of sale
431(1)
Purchaser from a mortgagee
432(1)
Proceeds of sale
433(1)
The mortgagee's duties on sale
433(1)
Time and mode of sale
433(1)
Assessing `true market value'
433(2)
Business premises
435(1)
Limitation on the time of sale
435(2)
14.3.3.5 Foreclosure
437(1)
14.3.4 Undue influence
437(4)
14.3.4.1 `Back door'tactics
441(1)
14.3.4.2 European Mortgage Credit Directive
442(1)
14.4 Equitable mortgages
442(1)
14.4.1 Remedies of the equitable mortgagee
442(1)
14.5 Priority of mortgages
443(6)
14.5.1 Registered land
443(1)
14.5.2 Unregistered land
444(1)
14.5.3 Tacking
445(1)
Summary
445(1)
The bigger picture
446(1)
Questions
447(1)
Further reading
448(1)
PART 5 THE BIGGER PICTURE
449(38)
Chapter 15 Completing the puzzle
451(17)
15.1 The register of title
452(1)
15.2 The property register: the description of the land
453(4)
15.2.1 Freehold land
454(1)
15.2.2 Corporeal hereditaments: the extent of land
455(1)
15.2.3 Incorporeal hereditaments: the right of way
455(2)
15.3 The proprietorship register
457(2)
15.4 The charges register
459(5)
15.4.1 The lease
459(1)
15.4.2 The covenants
459(2)
15.4.2.1 Has the burden of the covenants passed to the Singhs?
461(1)
15.4.2.2 Does anyone now have the benefit of the covenants?
462(1)
15.4.2.3 So are these covenants enforceable?
462(1)
15.4.2.4 Can the Singhs do anything about the covenants?
463(1)
15.4.3 The registered charge
463(1)
15.5 Interests that are not shown on the register
464(1)
15.6 Drawing it all together
465(3)
Summary
466(1)
Further reading
467(1)
Chapter 16 Exam technique and the perils of question spotting
468(19)
16.1 Revision
468(2)
16.1.1 How to begin the revision process
469(1)
16.1.2 Look at what you already have
469(1)
16.1.3 Look at what you need
469(1)
16.1.4 Distilling your notes
470(1)
16.2 The exam
470(1)
16.2.1 Top exam tips
470(1)
16.2.2 Question spotting
471(1)
16.3 The nature of land
471(1)
16.3.1 The extent of land
471(1)
16.3.2 Whether objects form part of land
472(1)
16.3.3 Objects lost and found on land
472(1)
16.4 The structure of land law
472(1)
16.4.1 Common law and equity
472(1)
16.4.2 The policy of the 1925 property legislation
473(1)
16.4.3 Land registration
473(1)
16.5 The freehold estate
473(1)
16.5.1 The fee simple absolute
474(1)
16.5.2 Transfers of land
474(1)
16.6 Land registration
474(1)
16.6.1 Essays on registration
475(1)
16.6.2 Problem questions
475(1)
16.7 Leases
475(2)
16.7.1 Essential requirements of a lease
476(1)
16.7.2 Distinguishing between leases and licences
476(1)
16.7.3 Leasehold covenants
476(1)
16.8 Adverse possession
477(1)
16.8.1 Essay questions: critical analysis of the law
477(1)
16.8.2 Problem questions on adverse possession
477(1)
16.9 Co-ownership and the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
478(3)
16.9.1 The legal title
478(1)
16.9.2 The equitable title
479(1)
16.9.2.1 Two legal owners
479(1)
16.9.2.2 One legal owner
479(1)
16.9.2.3 Beware the hidden equitable owner!
480(1)
16.9.3 The statutory framework
480(1)
16.10 Easements and profits
481(2)
16.10.1 Essay questions
481(1)
16.10.2 Problem questions
481(1)
16.10.2.1 Is it capable of being an easement?
481(1)
16.10.2.2 How was the easement acquired?
482(1)
16.11 Covenants in freehold land
483(1)
16.12 Mortgages
483(4)
16.12.1 Read the question: Who are you advising?
484(1)
16.12.2 What kind of mortgage is it?
484(1)
16.12.3 Look at the mortgage agreement itself and its implications for the mortgagor
484(1)
16.12.4 Has the mortgagor fallen behind with his or her repayments?
484(1)
Summary
485(1)
Further reading
485(2)
Glossary 487(6)
Index 493
Sandra Clarke is Dean of Law at the University of Buckingham. She has taught land law to undergraduates for over thirty years, previously holding the post of Head of Law at the University of Greenwich.

Professor Sarah Greer is the Deputy Vice Chancellor at the University of Worcester, and has taught land law and trusts for over fifteen years. She is also a National Teaching Fellow.