Preface |
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v | |
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xxi | |
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xxvii | |
Source Acknowledgements |
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xxxi | |
How to Use This Book |
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xxxiii | |
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PART I Underlying Principles |
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Introduction to the types of property rights in land |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Property rights which give immediate use and enjoyment of land |
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4 | (2) |
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Property rights against land owned by other people |
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6 | (9) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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Some basic concepts of property law |
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15 | (12) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (4) |
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Real property and personal property |
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24 | (3) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Tenures (including commonhold) |
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27 | (6) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Commonhold---a new tenure for the twenty-first century |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (12) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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Estates in possession, reversion, and remainder |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (3) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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Legal and equitable rights in land |
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45 | (18) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Legal and equitable property rights |
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45 | (2) |
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Creation and transfer of legal property rights |
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47 | (1) |
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Creation of equitable interests in land |
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48 | (15) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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PART II Unregistered Land |
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Differences in validity between legal property rights and equitable property rights |
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63 | (14) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Legal and equitable property rights: the tale of High Chimneys |
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63 | (3) |
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The elements of the doctrine of notice |
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66 | (8) |
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Position of successors in title to a purchaser without notice |
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74 | (3) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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The impact of the 1925 legislation |
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77 | (12) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Legal estates and interests and the 1925 legislation |
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77 | (2) |
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Legal estates existing after 1925 |
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79 | (5) |
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Legal interests existing after 1925 |
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84 | (2) |
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Equitable interests after 1925 |
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86 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Status of equitable interests after 1925 |
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89 | (18) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Registration of land charges |
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90 | (10) |
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Overreachable equitable interests |
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100 | (2) |
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Equitable interests still subject to the doctrine of notice |
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102 | (5) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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PART III Registration of Title |
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Registration of title---the basic principles |
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107 | (14) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Categories of rights in registered land |
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108 | (1) |
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Circumstances in which registration is compulsory |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Register of estates not register of plots |
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111 | (1) |
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Procedure where a sale or lease gives rise to first registration |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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Overriding interests and minor interests |
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121 | (24) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (13) |
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134 | (2) |
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Protection of minor interests under the 2002 Act |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (8) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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145 | (8) |
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145 | (1) |
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Introduction to the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 |
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145 | (1) |
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The three types of trust under the old law |
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146 | (1) |
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Criticism of the old law governing bare trusts of land |
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147 | (1) |
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Criticisms of strict settlements and the Settled Land Act 1925 |
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147 | (2) |
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Criticisms of the trust for sale |
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149 | (4) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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New-style trusts of land defined |
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153 | (12) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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The definition in section 1 |
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153 | (5) |
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The need for two trustees for a new-style trust of land |
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158 | (1) |
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Appointment, retirement, and removal of trustees |
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159 | (3) |
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Method of appointment of trustees |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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The powers of new-style trustees of land |
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165 | (20) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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The powers of disposition of new-style trustees of land |
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166 | (1) |
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The trustees' duties on exercising their powers |
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166 | (5) |
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Restrictions on trustees of land powers of disposition |
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171 | (4) |
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Delegation of trustees' powers to beneficiaries |
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175 | (10) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (4) |
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Co-ownership of land---the basic concepts |
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185 | (16) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Unity of possession---the cornerstone of co-ownership |
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185 | (1) |
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The two forms of co-ownership existing today |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (3) |
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The reform of co-ownership in 1925---the main objective |
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191 | (2) |
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Joint tenancies in the early twentieth century |
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193 | (2) |
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The modern conveyancing practice to create an express trust (for sale) |
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195 | (1) |
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Co-owners---joint tenants or tenants in common? |
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196 | (5) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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Severance of joint tenancies |
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201 | (8) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Severance of a legal joint tenancy impossible |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (4) |
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Matters which are not a severance |
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206 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Co-ownership---the problems when co-owners fall out |
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209 | (22) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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The effect of imposing a trust (for sale) upon co-owners |
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210 | (1) |
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Tenancy in common arising because there is a constructive trust |
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210 | (5) |
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Sections 13 to 15 of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 |
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215 | (6) |
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The modern position of husband and wife co-owners on a marriage break-up |
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221 | (2) |
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Rights of co-owners in equity---are they interests in land? |
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223 | (1) |
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Law of Property (Joint Tenants) Act 1964 |
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223 | (1) |
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Co-ownership of registered land |
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224 | (7) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (4) |
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Leases---the basic requirements |
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231 | (18) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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The essential requirements for a lease |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (4) |
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Some concepts related to the law of leases |
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236 | (2) |
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The distinction between leases and licenses |
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238 | (6) |
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244 | (5) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (18) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Rent---certain basic points |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (7) |
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Covenants against assigning, sub-letting, and parting with possession |
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258 | (6) |
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Section 22 of the Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 |
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264 | (3) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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The running of covenants in a lease |
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267 | (14) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Privity of estate---introduction |
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268 | (2) |
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Which covenants touch and concern the land? |
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270 | (1) |
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Liability of original parties after assignment |
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271 | (2) |
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Position of covenants which do not touch and concern |
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273 | (2) |
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The Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 |
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275 | (2) |
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Position of equitable leases |
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277 | (1) |
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Position of sub-tenants and head landlords |
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277 | (4) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (18) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Ways in which leases may terminate |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (5) |
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Leasehold Property Repair Act 1938 |
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291 | (1) |
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Reform of forfeiture of leases |
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292 | (7) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (4) |
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PART VII Loss of Ownership |
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Adverse possession and the Limitation Acts |
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299 | (22) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Possession gives a right to sue trespassers |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (5) |
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Adverse possession and tenants |
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305 | (3) |
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Adverse possession where land is held in trust |
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308 | (1) |
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Time starts running afresh by acknowledgment of title |
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308 | (1) |
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Adverse possession where the title possessed against is registered land---the position under the Land Registration Act 1925 |
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309 | (2) |
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Adverse possession against the registered proprietor of lease (old pre-2003 rules) |
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311 | (1) |
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Adverse possession under the Land Registration Act 2002 |
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311 | (10) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (2) |
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Rectification of the register of title |
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321 | (12) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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The situations where rectification of the register may be appropriate |
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322 | (4) |
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326 | (7) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (4) |
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The essential characteristics of easements |
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333 | (8) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Preliminary considerations |
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333 | (1) |
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There must be a dominant and a servient tenement |
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334 | (1) |
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The easement must accommodate the dominant tenement |
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334 | (1) |
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The tenements must not be owned and occupied by the same person |
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335 | (1) |
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`An easement must be capable of forming the subject matter of a grant' |
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336 | (3) |
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Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992 |
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339 | (2) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Express and implied grant of easements |
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341 | (12) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Creation of easements (and profits)---legal or equitable? |
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341 | (1) |
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Express grant and reservation of easements (and profits) |
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342 | (1) |
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Implied grant of easements (and profits) |
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342 | (7) |
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Implied reservation of easements |
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349 | (1) |
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Exclusion of the rules providing for implied grant (and reservation) |
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349 | (1) |
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Compulsory purchase and the rules for implied grant |
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350 | (1) |
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Simultaneous sales or bequests |
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350 | (1) |
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Implied easements---legal or equitable?---overriding or minor? |
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350 | (3) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Prescription for easements (and profits) |
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353 | (20) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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The complexities of prescription law |
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353 | (1) |
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Rules common to all three forms of prescription |
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354 | (3) |
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Prescription at common law |
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357 | (1) |
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Prescription by lost modern grant |
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357 | (2) |
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Prescription under the Prescription Act 1832 |
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359 | (8) |
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Prescriptive easements and profits as legal interests |
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367 | (6) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (4) |
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PART IX Restrictive Covenants |
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Restrictive covenants---the basic principles |
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373 | (8) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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Restrictive and positive covenants distinguished |
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373 | (1) |
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Passing the burden of a restrictive covenant |
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374 | (2) |
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Restrictive covenants as equitable interests |
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376 | (1) |
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Remedies to enforce a restrictive covenant |
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376 | (2) |
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The benefit of restrictive covenants---identifying the original covenantees |
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378 | (3) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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The passing of the benefit of restrictive covenants |
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381 | (16) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (7) |
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Assignment of the benefit of restrictive covenants |
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389 | (2) |
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Building schemes or schemes of development |
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391 | (2) |
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The chaotic state of the law on the running of benefits of covenants |
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393 | (4) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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Escaping from restrictive covenants |
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397 | (12) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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Attempt to buy out the dominant owners |
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399 | (1) |
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Take proceedings under the Law of Property Act 1925, section 84(2) |
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399 | (1) |
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Commence proceedings in the Lands Tribunal under section 84(1) |
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400 | (9) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (3) |
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The creation of mortgages |
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409 | (8) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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Form of a legal mortgage of a fee simple pre-1926 |
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410 | (1) |
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Legal mortgages of fees simple after 1925 |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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Equitable mortgages of legal estates |
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414 | (3) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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The remedies of mortgagees |
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417 | (16) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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Remedies of legal mortgagees---an overview |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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The mortgagee's statutory power of sale |
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419 | (4) |
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Mortgagees taking possession |
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423 | (4) |
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Power to appoint a receiver |
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427 | (2) |
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Remedies of an equitable mortgagee |
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429 | (4) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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Special legal rules governing mortgages |
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433 | (14) |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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Fire insurance of the mortgaged property |
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433 | (1) |
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Leasing of the mortgaged property |
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434 | (1) |
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Mortgages voidable for undue influence |
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435 | (3) |
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The rules of equity protecting the equitable right to redeem |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (2) |
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Consolidation of mortgages |
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443 | (4) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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Priority of mortgages of unregistered titles |
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447 | (8) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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Priority of mortgages where an unregistered legal estate is mortgaged |
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448 | (3) |
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Tacking of further advances |
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451 | (4) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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Mortgages of registered land |
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455 | (6) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Mortgage by registered charge |
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455 | (6) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (2) |
Appendix: Assessment Exercises---Specimen Answers |
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461 | (18) |
Glossary |
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479 | (4) |
Index |
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483 | |