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E-grāmata: Landscapes and Landforms of Namibia

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The landscapes of Namibia are of world-class quality in beauty, diversity and interest. This book provides the first ever overview of the most important of these landscapes, explains why they look as they do, and evaluates why they are of note. Writing from a geomorphological perspective, the authors introduce the key processes and controls which influence landscape and landform development in Namibia. Geological and tectonic background, climate now and in the past, vegetation and animals (including humans) are all identified as crucial factors influencing the landscape of Namibia today. The book presents twenty one richly-illustrated case studies of the most significant landscapes of Namibia, ranging from the iconic Etosha Pan at the heart of the biggest wildlife conservation area in the north, to the famous dunes and ephemeral river at Sossus Vlei in the heart of the Namib desert. Each case study also contains a full list of the key references to the scientific work on that landscape. The authors provide an assessment of the current state of conservation of these landscapes, and their importance to tourism. The book is recommended reading for anyone with a professional or amateur interest in the spectacular and intriguing landscapes of this part of southern Africa. It provides a useful handbook for those travelling around Namibia, and an invaluable reference guide for those interested in how landscapes develop and change.



This volume provides an overview of the landforms of Namibia. It first offers a general introduction to the geology, climate and climate history of the country, and then presents a series of case studies of intriguing landform sites.
Part I Introduction to Namibia and its Landscapes
1 Landscapes
3(24)
1.1 Landscape Types
3(3)
1.2 The Namib and the Kalahari Deserts
6(3)
1.2.1 The Namib Desert
6(1)
1.2.2 The Kalahari Desert
7(2)
1.3 The Great Escarpment
9(3)
1.4 The Rivers
12(6)
1.5 The Coastline
18(9)
References
22(5)
2 Geology
27(10)
2.1 Geological Background
27(3)
2.2 The Impact of Early Cretaceous Tectonics
30(2)
2.3 Dolerite Dikes/Dykes and Sills
32(1)
2.4 Planation---The African Surface
33(1)
2.5 Neotectonics
34(3)
References
34(3)
3 Climate
37(10)
3.1 Climatic Background
37(4)
3.2 The Onset of Aridity and an Ancient Namib Desert
41(2)
3.3 Quaternary Climatic Change
43(4)
References
44(3)
4 Vegetation, Fauna and Humans
47(8)
4.1 Vegetation and Fauna
47(1)
4.2 The Human Impact
48(7)
References
50(5)
Part II Regional Studies
5 The North East Kunene Region: The Kunene River, Sand Sea and Yardangs
55(6)
5.1 The Kunene River
55(1)
5.2 The Kunene Sand Sea
55(3)
5.3 Yardangs
58(3)
References
59(2)
6 Etosha Pan and the Karstveld
61(6)
6.1 Etosha Pan
61(1)
6.2 Karst Landforms
62(5)
References
64(3)
7 Twyfelfontein and its Desert Varnish
67(2)
References
68(1)
8 The Ephemeral Rivers and Dunes of the Skeleton Coast
69(4)
References
71(2)
9 The Etendeka Plateau
73(4)
References
75(2)
10 Brandberg, Messum and Spitzkoppe
77(8)
10.1 Brandberg
77(1)
10.2 Messum
78(1)
10.3 Spitzkoppe
79(6)
References
82(3)
11 Erongo
85(6)
References
89(2)
12 Weathering on the Namib Plains: Marble and Granite
91(6)
12.1 Introduction
91(1)
12.2 Marble
91(2)
12.3 Granite
93(4)
References
96(1)
13 Salt Weathering in the Namib: Soutrivier and the Coastal Salt Pans
97(6)
13.1 Introduction
97(1)
13.2 Salt Weathering Mechanisms and Implications
97(3)
13.3 Weathering Experiments: The Role of Moisture
100(3)
References
101(2)
14 The Namib Plains: Gypsum Crusts and Stone Pavements
103(4)
14.1 Gypsum Crusts
103(2)
14.2 Stone Pavements
105(2)
References
106(1)
15 The Homeb Silts
107(4)
References
108(3)
16 Calcretes: The Kamberg Calcrete Formation and the Karpencliff Conglomerate
111(4)
References
113(2)
17 Barchan Dunes: Walvis Bay and on the Skeleton Coast
115(6)
References
120(1)
18 Namib Sand Sea
121(8)
18.1 Introduction
121(1)
18.2 The Tsondab Sandstone---Predecessor of the Namib Sand Sea
122(1)
18.3 Dune Diversity
122(3)
18.4 The Source and Colour of the Dune Sands
125(4)
References
126(3)
19 Sossus Vlei and its Star Dunes
129(4)
References
131(2)
20 The Naukluft Mountains and their Tufa Cascades
133(4)
References
136(1)
21 Linear Dunes of the Kalahari
137(6)
21.1 Introduction
137(1)
21.2 Origin of Linear Dunes
137(4)
21.3 The Age of Kalahari Linear Dunes
141(2)
References
141(2)
22 The Weissrand and the Aligned Drainage of the Western Kalahari
143(4)
References
146(1)
23 Koes and the Nature and Origin of Pans
147(4)
References
150(1)
24 Circular Geomorphic Features: Roter Kamm and Gross Brukkaros
151(4)
24.1 Roter Kamm and Other Meteorite Impacts
151(1)
24.2 Gross Brukkaros: Product of Differential Erosion
152(3)
References
153(2)
25 Mounds, Rings and Stripes
155(10)
References
160(5)
Part III Heritage Issues
26 Valuing, Conserving and Raising Awareness of Namibia's Landscapes and Landforms
165(6)
26.1 Introduction
165(1)
26.2 Valuing Geomorphological Landscapes in Namibia: Geodiversity and Geoheritage
165(1)
26.3 Conserving Geomorphological Landscapes in Namibia: From National Monuments to World Heritage Sites
166(3)
26.4 Raising Awareness of Namibia's Geomorphological Landscapes: Information and Geotourism
169(2)
References
170(1)
Index 171
Professor Andrew Shaw Goudie is a geographer at the University of Oxford specialising in desert geomorphology, dust storms, weathering and climatic change in the tropics. He has also known for his teaching and textbooks on human impacts on the environment. He is the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor of many books and papers. He has received many awards for his work. He is also Director of the China Centre in Oxford (from January 2011) and President of the British Institute in Eastern Africa (from November 2011).

Professor Heather A. Viles is a geographer with major interests in geomorphology and heritage science. Much of her research focuses on the application of science to heritage conservation. She is currently Professor of Biogeomorphology and Heritage Conservation, having previously been a University Lecturer and then Reader in the University of Oxford. She is a Fellow of Worcester College and a lecturer at St Hilda's College. She is also an Honorary Research Fellow in the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand. She obtained an MA in Geography from the University of Cambridge and a Ph.D. from the University of Oxford. Her Ph.D. thesis focused on the role of microorganisms in weathering limestone and was based on fieldwork on Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles. After completing her Ph.D., she undertook post-doctoral research on the contribution of acid rain to the deterioration of English cathedrals. Prof. Viles was awarded a 650th anniversary Gold Medal, by Charles University, Prague (1998) for her contributions to international research collaboration in geomorphology.