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E-grāmata: Language Contact

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(University of Manchester)
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Language ContactPalielināt
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Combining the author's research with an up-to-date introduction to key concepts, this textbook provides a holistic, original theory of contact linguistics. This second edition has been updated to reflect the many recent developments in this rapidly moving field making it an invaluable resource for advanced students and researchers in linguistics.

Language contact occurs when speakers of different languages interact and their languages influence one another. Drawing on the author's own first-hand observations of child and adult bilingualism, this book combines his original research with an up-to-date introduction to key concepts, to provide a holistic, original theory of contact linguistics. Going beyond a descriptive outline of contact phenomena, it introduces a theory of contact-induced language change, linking structural change to motivations in discourse and language processing. Since the first edition was published, the field has rapidly grown, and this fully revised edition covers all of the most recent developments, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and advanced students in linguistics.

Papildus informācija

Revised edition of a seminal introduction to language contact, providing an overview of the field and its most recent developments.
List of Figures
xii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
List of Abbreviations
xix
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 The Study of Language Contact
1(1)
1.2 Towards an Integrated, Functional Approach to Language Contact
2(6)
1.3 The Structure of This Book
8(3)
2 An Emerging Multilingual Repertoire
11(31)
2.1 A Case Study
11(1)
2.2 Lexical Development
12(7)
2.3 Controlling the Selection Mechanism
19(6)
2.4 Combining Repertoire Components
25(10)
2.5 Conscious Exploitation of the Full Linguistic Repertoire
35(4)
2.6 Implications for the Study of Language Contact
39(3)
3 Societal Multilingualism
42(23)
3.1 Linguistic Repertoires and Social Activities: A Micro-Level Approach
42(3)
3.2 Language--Domain Mapping at the Macro-Level
45(9)
3.2.1 Role Attributes of Languages in Multilingual Societies
46(2)
3.2.2 Types of Domain Specialisation
48(3)
3.2.3 Domain Stability and Language Maintenance
51(3)
3.3 Language Management in Multilingual Settings
54(4)
3.4 Repertoire, Activity Domains, and Language Change
58(3)
3.5 New Directions in the Study of Societal Multilingualism
61(4)
4 Acquiring and Maintaining a Bilingual Repertoire
65(42)
4.1 Bilingual First-Language Acquisition
65(7)
4.1.1 Definitions and Methodological Problems
65(2)
4.1.2 The Separation of Languages
67(3)
4.1.3 Linguistic Socialisation and Pragmatic Competence
70(2)
4.1.4 Language Systems vs. Language Repertoires
72(1)
4.2 Second-Language Acquisition
72(18)
4.2.1 Facilitating Factors
73(3)
4.2.2 Transfer and Interference
76(2)
4.2.3 Interlanguage and Fossilisation
78(5)
4.2.4 Communicative Creativity in L2 Discourse
83(6)
4.2.5 Language Learners and Linguistic Repertoires
89(1)
4.3 Bilingualism and Language Processing
90(15)
4.3.1 Language Separation in the Brain
91(2)
4.3.2 Models of Bilingual Language Processing
93(4)
4.3.3 Bilingual Speech Errors
97(8)
4.4 Conclusion
105(2)
5 Crossing the Boundaries: Codeswitching in Conversation
107(51)
5.1 Defining Codeswitching
107(13)
5.1.1 Language Mixing in the Bilingual Mode
107(5)
5.1.2 Single-Word Insertions and Their Integration
112(3)
5.1.3 The Codeswitching--Borrowing Continuum
115(5)
5.2 Situational and Conversational Codeswitching
120(14)
5.2.1 Code Selection: Social Norms and Identity
120(2)
5.2.2 Discourse Functions of Codeswitching
122(12)
5.3 Structural Aspects of Codeswitching
134(8)
5.4 Codeswitching and Utterance Modifiers
142(8)
5.5 The Codeswitching--Borrowing Continuum as Repertoire Management
150(8)
6 The Replication of Linguistic `Matter'
158(21)
6.1 Defining `Borrowings'
158(3)
6.2 Generalisations on Borrowing
161(18)
6.2.1 Motivations for Borrowing
161(4)
6.2.2 Borrowing Hierarchies
165(14)
7 Lexical Borrowing
179(30)
7.1 Content Words and Semantic Hierarchies
179(9)
7.2 The Structural Integration of Nouns
188(3)
7.3 The Borrowing of Verbs
191(12)
7.4 Adjectives and Lexical Adverbs
203(6)
8 Grammatical and Phonological Borrowing
209(45)
8.1 Grammatical Function Words
209(17)
8.1.1 Discourse Markers and Connectors
209(4)
8.1.2 Phasal Adverbs and Focus Particles
213(1)
8.1.3 Indefinites and Interrogatives
214(1)
8.1.4 Expressions of Temporal and Local Relations
215(2)
8.1.5 Numerals
217(2)
8.1.6 Place Deixis, Demonstratives, and Personal Pronouns
219(6)
8.1.7 Negators and Existentials
225(1)
8.2 Morphological Borrowing
226(11)
8.2.1 Derivational Morphology
226(3)
8.2.2 Inflectional Morphology
229(6)
8.2.3 Articles and Classifiers
235(2)
8.3 Constraints on Matter Replication
237(4)
8.4 Mechanisms of Contact-Induced Change in Phonology
241(13)
8.4.1 General Considerations
241(5)
8.4.2 The Phonological Integration of Word-Forms
246(3)
8.4.3 Convergence of Phonological Systems
249(2)
8.4.4 Contact-Susceptibility within Phonology
251(3)
9 Converging Structures: Pattern Replication
254(43)
9.1 Defining Pattern Replication
254(10)
9.1.1 Distinguishing Matter and Pattern Replication
254(3)
9.1.2 Convergence and Grammaticalisation
257(3)
9.1.3 Pattern Replication and Creative Pivot-Matching
260(4)
9.2 The Distribution of Pattern Replication
264(22)
9.2.1 Lexical Semantics
266(3)
9.2.2 Clause-Level Typology
269(4)
9.2.3 Phrase-Level Typology
273(6)
9.2.4 Morphology and Morphological Paradigms
279(7)
9.3 Linguistic Areas
286(11)
9.3.1 Methodological Issues
286(3)
9.3.2 Profiles of Linguistic Areas
289(3)
9.3.3 An Outlook on Language Convergence
292(5)
10 Contact Languages
297(36)
10.1 The Birth of a Language
297(2)
10.2 Pidgins and Creoles
299(13)
10.2.1 Definitions and Key Features
299(5)
10.2.2 Emergence Scenarios
304(8)
10.3 Mixed Languages
312(19)
10.3.1 Definitions and Explanatory Accounts
312(4)
10.3.2 Structural Profiles and the Functionality Cline
316(15)
10.4 The Position of Contact Languages
331(2)
11 Towards a Functional Theory of Language Contact
333(22)
11.1 Theorising Language Contact
333(2)
11.2 A Pragmatic-Functional Perspective
335(5)
11.2.1 The Functionality of Categories
335(1)
11.2.2 Repertoire, Not Languages
336(1)
11.2.3 Contact as Adjustment of Communicative Routines
337(1)
11.2.4 Communicative Motivations and Repertoire Re-alignment
337(1)
11.2.5 Structural Outcomes Are Functionality Driven
338(2)
11.3 The Multilingual Speaker's Repertoire
340(1)
11.4 Multilingual Speakers as Agents of Language Change
341(3)
11.5 Contact and the Layered Architecture of the Language Faculty
344(2)
11.6 Language Contact and the Evolution of Human Language Capacity
346(9)
Notes 355(7)
References 362(31)
Author Index 393(6)
Language Index 399(7)
Subject Index 406
Yaron Matras is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Manchester. He is a leading international authority on contact linguistics, language documentation, and the linguistics of Romani, Domari, and Kurdish, and is the founder of the Multilingual Manchester research unit that specialises in research and public engagement on urban multilingualism and language diversity.
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