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E-grāmata: Language or Dialect?: The History of a Conceptual Pair

(Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), KU Leuven)
  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192584489
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  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192584489

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

This book provides a historiographic study of the distinction between language and dialect, a puzzle which has long fascinated linguists and laypeople alike. It offers a comprehensive account of the intriguing and complex history of the language-dialect pair, and shows that its real origins can be found in sixteenth-century humanist scholarship. The book begins with a survey of the prehistory of the language/dialect distinction in antiquity and the Middle Ages. Raf Van Rooy then provides a detailed investigation of the emergence, establishment, and development of the conceptual pair during the early modern period, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, when linguistic diversity was first studied in depth. Finally, the much-debated and ambiguous fate of the language/dialect opposition in modern linguistics is explored: although a number of earlier ideas were adopted by later scholars, many linguists today question the notion of a seemingly arbitrary and subjective distinction between language and dialect.

Recenzijas

Van Rooy's masterful and eminently readable study explores this topic across more than two millennia. Filled with a breadth of historiographic detail, the book's 24 well-sequenced chapters consider the conceptual pair language and dialect against the backdrop of successive stages of Western intellectual development ... This tour-de-force of erudition will interest linguists and the general public alike. * E. J. Vajda, CHOICE * This is a bold, enjoyable and enriching conceptual history, warmly recommended both to historians of linguistics and to anyone who uses the terminology of dialect, language, variety and the like today. * Nicola McLelland, Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics *

Acknowledgements xiii
List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xvii
Conventions xix
1 Introduction
1(14)
I PREHISTORY, 500 BC--1500
2 A dive into the prehistory of the conceptual pair
15(13)
2.1 The Greek dialects between anecdotes and definitions
16(2)
2.2 Dialektos, a variety of interpretations
18(3)
2.3 Philology as stimulus
21(1)
2.4 The Latin West
22(5)
2.5 Conclusion
27(1)
3 The exception to the rule: Lingua and idioma in Roger Bacon's thought
28(19)
3.1 Bacon at Babel
30(1)
3.2 Another first for Bacon?
31(4)
3.3 An outlook on different languages and their dialects: a central precondition
35(3)
3.4 Thomas Aquinas: a like-minded exegete?
38(2)
3.5 The Tower of Babel
40(2)
3.6 Conclusion
42(5)
II THE ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPTUAL PAIR, 1500--50
4 From dogs and hounds to languages and dialects: The conceptual pair in Conrad Gessner's work
47(15)
4.1 Exploring the linguistic world
49(3)
4.2 Conrad Gessner, certified cataloguer and compiler
52(3)
4.3 Adfontes! Gessner reads Clement of Alexandria
55(2)
4.4 The meanings of dialectus according to Gessner
57(4)
4.5 Conclusion
61(1)
5 Lingua and dialectus: From synonymy to contrast
62(19)
5.1 Dialectus as a Latin word
62(2)
5.2 The key symptom: contrasting lingua to dialectus
64(3)
5.3 Developing the concept of common language
67(5)
5.4 Updating dialectus definitions
72(2)
5.5 The coining of a new phrase: `to differ only in dialect'
74(2)
5.6 An intricate conceptual web
76(3)
5.7 Conclusion
79(2)
6 Hellenism, standardization, and info-lust: The genesis of the conceptual pair in context
81(14)
6.1 A major pivoting point: the rediscovery of the Greek dialects
81(3)
6.2 From ancient Greece to Western Europe: standardizing the vernaculars
84(3)
6.3 Knowledge revolution: information explosion and info-lust
87(1)
6.4 The countability of language
88(2)
6.5 A product of appropriation and subconscious adaptation
90(1)
6.6 Conclusion
91(4)
III CONSOLIDATION BY ELABORATION, 1550--1650
7 Space and nation: Greek definitions transformed
95(14)
7.1 The spatial conception of dialect
95(3)
7.2 Two topical topoi
98(1)
7.3 Regional language variation: a universal phenomenon?
99(2)
7.4 Nation or nations? The ethnic conception of the language/dialect distinction
101(4)
7.5 Towards a political interpretation of `nation'?
105(2)
7.6 Space and nation: diagnostic criteria?
107(1)
7.7 Conclusion
108(1)
8 Aristotle's legacy: Substance, accidents, and mutual intelligibility
109(16)
8.1 Extending the `to differ only in dialect' phrase
109(4)
8.2 Mithridates: polyglot or not?
113(1)
8.3 A question of gradation: devising different levels of dialects
114(3)
8.4 Mutual intelligibility: an early modern criterion
117(2)
8.5 Johannes Goropius Becanus and immediate mutual intelligibility
119(3)
8.6 The communicative reach of dialects versus languages
122(1)
8.7 Conclusion
123(2)
9 A subjective touch: Language beats dialect
125(11)
9.1 Analogical norm or anomalous deviation?
125(2)
9.2 From common to standard language
127(2)
9.3 Superior or inferior?
129(5)
9.4 Conclusion
134(2)
10 The conceptual pair and language history: Language generates dialects
136(11)
10.1 Language mothers and offshoot dialects
136(5)
10.2 An early critic of the language-historical interpretation
141(2)
10.3 A discursive strategy for historical classification
143(3)
10.4 Conclusion
146(1)
11 Consolidation by elaboration: Drawing the balance
147(12)
11.1 The seven main interpretations: a synthesis
147(4)
11.2 Emancipating the conceptual pair from the Greek heritage
151(5)
11.3 Conclusion
156(3)
12 The conceptual pair in transition: The case of Georg Stiernhielm
159(12)
12.1 Georg Stiernhielm, a Swedish all-round scholar
159(4)
12.2 The conceptual pair according to Stiernhielm
163(3)
12.3 Conclusion
166(5)
IV SYSTEMATIZATION AND RATIONALIZATION, 1650--1800
13 Putting the conceptual pair on the scholarly agenda: The orientalist Albert Schultens
171(12)
13.1 Schultens's definitions of dialect
174(2)
13.2 Language, dialect, and degenerate offshoot
176(2)
13.3 Classes of linguistic variation
178(2)
13.4 Schultens's legacy
180(1)
13.5 Conclusion
181(2)
14 Lexicostatistics avant la lettre: The historian Johann Christoph Gatterer and the conceptual pair
183(10)
14.1 Gatterer's Vorrede
184(2)
14.2 Characteristic words: Gatterer and basic vocabulary
186(1)
14.3 Determining the degree of linguistic kinship: Gatterer's lexicostatistic framework
187(3)
14.4 The historian Gatterer and the grammarian Adelung
190(1)
14.5 Conclusion
191(2)
15 Classes of variation: How do languages and dialects differ?
193(11)
15.1 Casting off John the Grammarian's yoke
193(2)
15.2 From scattered comments to systematization
195(5)
15.3 Two eighteenth-century outsiders in the quest for linguistic criteria
200(2)
15.4 Conclusion
202(2)
16 Between systematization and rationalization: The conceptual pair through the Enlightenment lens
204(15)
16.1 Towards a dialectological tradition?
204(7)
16.2 The first sceptical voices
211(5)
16.3 Conclusion
216(3)
V FROM SILENT ADOPTION TO OUTSPOKEN ABANDONMENT, AFTER 1800
17 From Jones to Gabelentz: Silent adoption and renewed suspicion
219(12)
17.1 The beginnings of modern linguistics
220(1)
17.2 Two pioneering dialectologists: Johann Andreas Schmeller and Albert Giese
221(4)
17.3 Questioning the conceptual pair: August Schleicher and William Dwight Whitney
225(3)
17.4 The late nineteenth century: between continued usage and increasing scepticism
228(1)
17.5 Conclusion
229(2)
18 Schuchardt the iconoclast
231(13)
18.1 Tree or waves?
231(2)
18.2 A pioneering outsider
233(2)
18.3 Breaking down the walls between languages and dialects
235(3)
18.4 Linguists, shibbolethists
238(2)
18.5 Useless abstractions?
240(2)
18.6 Conclusion
242(2)
19 From Saussure to 1954: Structuralism and the language/dialect distinction
244(12)
19.1 In Saussure's class
245(2)
19.2 Towards a structural dialectology: Uriel Weinreich's diasystem
247(4)
19.3 Redefining the conceptual pair: Martinet and Polak
251(3)
19.4 Conclusion
254(2)
20 Mutual intelligibility: The number one criterion?
256(7)
20.1 A criterion making career
258(1)
20.2 Measuring linguistic distance
259(2)
20.3 Conclusion
261(2)
21 Between two extremes: Generative and sociolinguistic interpretations
263(12)
21.1 Generative grammar: no country for old dialects?
263(3)
21.2 Variables over systems
266(2)
21.3 Destructive dismissal
268(2)
21.4 Supplementing the conceptual pair
270(3)
21.5 By way of conclusion: a quest for alternatives
273(2)
22 A gentle goodbye? Dialect stripped for parts
275(9)
22.1 Farewell to the conceptual pair?
278(2)
22.2 The language/dialect distinction after 1900: the story of a love-hate relationship
280(4)
23 Language, dialect, and the general public---or how not to popularize knowledge
284(12)
23.1 The conceptual pair popularized
284(4)
23.2 The Weinreich witticism in context: the nation-state, language policy, and mass education
288(1)
23.3 Political activations of the conceptual pair
289(4)
23.4 Conclusion
293(3)
24 Language and dialect between past and future: Terminological success, conceptual failure?
296(7)
References 303(30)
Index 333
Raf Van Rooy is affiliated with KU Leuven as a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). He was educated at Leuven, Thessaloniki, Louvain-la-Neuve, and Ghent, and obtained his PhD in Linguistics in May 2017 from KU Leuven and the FWO. His research focuses on the early modern study of the Ancient Greek language and on the reception of key linguistic concepts of Greek origin. He has been awarded a number of grants and prizes for his research, which has been published in journals such as Language & Communication, Glotta, and Journal of Greek Linguistics.