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Law Is Good: The Voting Rights ACT, Redistricting, and Black Regime Politics [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 265 pages, illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Mar-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Carolina Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1594602867
  • ISBN-13: 9781594602863
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 265 pages, illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Mar-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Carolina Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1594602867
  • ISBN-13: 9781594602863
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is the most important civil rights law in U.S. history, facilitating unprecedented levels of minority political participation and achieving the promise of equality for all Americans. Despite a controversial series of decisions in the 1990s in which the U.S. Supreme Court cast doubt on the constitutionality of raceconscious electoral districts drawn to satisfy the VRA, such districts remain important determinants of minority electoral success. Today, governing regimes in communities throughout the South are headed by black officials elected from districts drawn with federal oversight and approval.

There has been tremendous progress on minority voting rights, but the end of the story has yet to be told. Congress recently reauthorized the VRA to combat ongoing voter discrimination, but Barack Obama's election led some, including the Supreme Court, to question whether the VRA was still essential. The upcoming round of redistricting following the 2010 Census is sure to generate additional discussion about the current role of race in America.

"The Law is Good" addresses three questions of central importance: What is the VRA? How does it work? And do we still need it in the 21st century? While debate over the VRA has focused on race-based redistricting at the federal and state levels, "The Law is Good" considers how it has transformed local communities. Focusing on how regular people grapple with issues of race, redistricting, and regime politics, this account describes the struggle for minority voting rights and representation in small-town Tallulah, Louisiana. Despite electoral success facilitated by the VRA and race-conscious redistricting, Tallulah's black rural regimes face significant challenges still to overcome, and the VRA remains an important tool to ensure effective political representation.

"The Law is Good" is authored by an insider who served as a Civil Rights Analyst in the U.S. Department of Justice's Voting Section. Drawing on primary-source materials that illustrate how communities like Tallulah interact with the federal government to implement the VRA at the local level, "The Law is Good" is a highly accessible and engaging account of the relationship between minority voting rights and race politics. It is a must-read that will generate impassioned discussion about the role of race in America---yesterday, today, and tomorrow.



Preface ix
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 The Voting Rights Act and Minority Representation
3(28)
Renewing the Voting Rights Act
6(3)
The Supreme Court and Race-Based Redistricting
9(4)
Democratic Theory and Representation
13(4)
Minority Representation and Political Empowerment
17(3)
The Black Urban Regime
20(2)
The Voting Rights Act's Policy Goals
22(1)
Generations of Voting Rights
23(1)
Approach of the Book
24(2)
Plan of the Book
26(5)
Part II Voting Rights and Representation
Chapter 2 The Struggle for Voting Rights
31(16)
Slavery and the Constitution
31(2)
Reconstruction and the Civil War Amendments
33(3)
Jim Crow and Black Disenfranchisement
36(3)
Jim Crow's Demise: Brown v. Board and the Civil Rights Movement
39(3)
Victory at Selma
42(2)
Enacting the Voting Rights Act
44(3)
Chapter 3 The Voting Rights Act of 1965: Passage and Provisions
47(32)
The Constitution and the Right to Vote
47(2)
Redistricting and Representation
49(4)
Apportionment and Traditional Districting Principles
49(1)
Apportionment and Weighting of Votes
50(3)
The Voting Rights Act: Purpose and Provisions
53(9)
Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act
62(2)
Immediate Impacts
64(2)
Early Renewal and Amendment of the Voting Rights Act
66(4)
The 1970 Extension
67(1)
The Section 2 Vote Dilution Standard Evolves
68(1)
The 1975 Extension
69(1)
Preclearance and the Section 5 Nonretrogression Standard
70(2)
The 1982 Amendments to the Voting Rights Act and the "Results Test"
72(6)
Discriminatory Intent: City of Mobile v. Bolden
72(1)
The 1982 Results Test
73(3)
Affirming the Results Test: Thornburg v. Gingles
76(1)
Post-Gingles Impacts
77(1)
Conclusion
78(1)
Chapter 4 The Supreme Court's Redistricting Revolution
79(22)
Racially Motivated "Bizarre" Districts and Shaw v. Reno
80(2)
"A Disastrous Misadventure in Judicial Policymaking" and Holder v. Hall
82(2)
Race as the "Predominant Factor" and Miller v. Johnson
84(2)
White Voter Standing and U.S. v. Hays
86(1)
Race Remains the "Predominant Factor" in Shaw v. Hunt
87(1)
Mixed-Race Districts and Bush v. Vera
87(2)
Critiquing the New Logic of "Reverse Discrimination" in Race-Based Redistricting
89(7)
Historical Perspective on Voting Discrimination
90(1)
Redistricting Causes Segregation
91(1)
"Race Neutrality" and a "Colorblind" Constitution
91(1)
Districting Standards
92(1)
"Bizarreness" and "Traditional Districting Criteria"
92(2)
"Traditional Districting Principles" Were, in Fact, Used
94(1)
Racial Minorities Are Unable or Unwilling to Represent Whites
95(1)
Judicial Activism and the Political Process
95(1)
The New Voting Rights Jurisprudence
96(5)
Part III On the Ground in Tallulah
Chapter 5 Voting Rights and Black Representation in Tallulah
101(40)
Research Design
103(3)
Community Profile
106(3)
Black Voting Rights in Madison Parish before the Voting Rights Act
109(2)
Black Voting Rights in Madison Parish after the Voting Rights Act
111(8)
Early Litigation
112(1)
Drawing the Template: Tallulah Adopts Single-Member Districts
113(1)
Using the Template: Redistricting and the Justice Department
114(5)
Incorporation, Representation, and the Black Rural Regime
119(11)
City Government
119(2)
Economic Development
121(1)
The Tallulah Correctional Center for Youth
122(2)
The Avondale Shipyard
124(3)
Mixed Results
127(1)
Socioeconomic Indicators
128(2)
Discussion
130(6)
The Voting Rights Act "On the Ground" in Tallulah
130(3)
Black Urban Regimes and the Constraints on Black Political Empowerment
133(2)
The Black Rural Regime in Tallulah
135(1)
Conclusion
136(5)
Part IV The Future of Voting Rights
Chapter 6 Voting Rights in the 21st Century: Do We Still Need the Voting Rights Act?
141(24)
The Voting Rights Act in the 2000s
142(9)
The Supreme Court Revisits Race-Based Redistricting
142(1)
Backsliding on Retrogression: Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
142(1)
Race as Predominant Factor, Redux: Easley v. Cromartie
143(2)
More on the Limits of Section 5: Georgia v. Ashcroft
145(1)
What Did It All Mean?
146(1)
The 2006 Reauthorization
147(2)
The Roberts Court and Voting Rights
149(2)
Black Politics and a "Post-Racial" Society
151(5)
Minority Political Participation and Elected Officials
152(1)
Discriminatory Electoral Practices and Racially Polarized Voting
153(2)
Racialized Campaign Appeals
155(1)
"The Law Is Good"
156(9)
Does the Voting Rights Act "Work" as Law and Public Policy?
156(5)
A Return to Tallulah
161(4)
Appendix A Selected Provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 165(28)
Appendix B Selected Documents from the U.S. Department of Justice 193(6)
Endnotes 199(38)
Table of Cases 237(6)
Index 243