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E-grāmata: Law of Rescission

(Inns of Court), (Partner, CMS), (Barrister, One Essex Court)
  • Formāts: 736 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jul-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192593382
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  • Formāts: 736 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jul-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192593382
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The Law of Rescission is an extensive analysis of the law concerning the rescission of contracts and gifts in England and Wales, and also contains detailed reference to the law of other parts of the Commonwealth including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Isle of Man, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and India. This is the leading work in the field.

The revised third edition builds on the established format of the previous edition, fully updating case law and considering how developments, such as the introduction of machine generated contracts, impacts on the law. The book also incorporates new legislation, such as The Insurance Act 2015.

Rescission is frequently sought in commercial, property, and insurance disputes, making this book an essential reference for all lawyers involved in civil litigation, as well as for civil judges. The Law of Recission has has been cited by courts in England and Wales, as well as Australia and Canada. Academics will also find this book of great interest when researching contracts, remedies, or restitution.

Recenzijas

A model example of doctrinal scholarship * [ 2015] Conv 465 * Excellent * J. D. Heydon, M. J. Leeming, P. G. Turner, editors of Meagher, Gummow & Lehane's Equity: Doctrines & Remedies (5th edition, LexisNexis Australia 2014) * A remarkable work of practical scholarship... should find its way on to the shelves of every law library (including those of courts who do serious civil work) and of every office or set of chambers where property or mercantile law is practised. On any view it is work of high distinction. * [ 2008] Conv 350 *

Table of Cases
xxiii
Table of Legislation
lxxv
I INTRODUCTION
1 Core Distinctions
A Introduction
1(5)
B Termination Ab Initio and De Futuro
6(29)
(1) Nature and basis of the distinction
7(7)
(2) Termination ab initio: effects on contractual rights and obligations
14(6)
(3) Termination de futuro: effects on contractual rights and obligations
20(3)
(4) Termination ab initio and de futuro: rights to restitution
23(8)
(5) Terminology
31(4)
C Void and Voidable Contracts
35(22)
(1) Void and voidable contracts
36(3)
(2) Contracts valid until rescinded and contracts ineffective until ratified
39(6)
(3) Transfer of title
45(4)
(4) Recovery of benefits
49(8)
D Rescission and Transactions Ineffective in Equity
57(1)
(1) Introduction
57(10)
(2) Where the claimant is not a party to the impugned transaction
67(3)
(3) Where the claimant is a party to the impugned transaction
70(17)
(4) Bribes
87(3)
(5) Apparent gifts made ineffective by resulting trust
90(1)
(6) Other ineffective transactions
91
2 Rescission and Independent Claims
A Introduction
1(2)
B Damages
3(7)
C Equitable Compensation
10(4)
D Disgorgement of Profits
14(2)
(1) Distinction between profit-based remedies and rescission
16(8)
(2) Proprietary relief absent rescission
24(3)
(3) Personal accountability for profits absent rescission
27
3 Historical Foundations
A Introduction
1(3)
B The Common Law
4(30)
(1) The effect of fraud on contract
5(1)
(2) The effect of fraud on title
6(10)
(3) Rescission as a condition to restitution
16(14)
(4) Termination de futuro and ab initio
30(3)
(5) Role of the forms of action
33(1)
C Equity
34(21)
(1) Introduction
34(3)
(2) Orders effecting rescission
37(3)
(3) The effect of fraud on contract
40(2)
(4) The effect of fraud on title
42(11)
(5) Rescission by election
53(2)
D The Special Case of Insurance
55(1)
(1) Special relationship between common law and equity
56(3)
(2) Chancery courts' policy of limited interference
59(4)
(3) Change from `void' to `voidable'
63
II GROUNDS
4 Misrepresentation
A Introduction
1(3)
B Types of Misrepresentation: Fraudulent, Negligent, Innocent
4(13)
(1) Nature of fraudulent misrepresentation
5(4)
(2) Importance of the distinction outside law of rescission
9(1)
(3) Importance in relation to rescission
10(3)
(4) Special vulnerability of contracts to rescission for fraud
13(4)
C Representation
17(57)
(1) Representations of existing fact and of law
17(3)
(2) Representation may be a contractual term
20(6)
(3) Representation may be express or implied
26(2)
(4) Passing on information generally not a representation
28(1)
(5) Silence generally not a representation
29(3)
(6) Sources of implied representations
32(7)
(7) Determining what was represented (expressly and impliedly)
39(5)
(8) What are not representations
44(18)
(9) Materiality of the representation
62(12)
D Representation must be Made by the Representor to the Representee
74(7)
(1) Those by whom the representation may be made
74(2)
(2) Those to whom the representation must be made
76(5)
E Representation must be False
81(19)
(1) Substantial correctness sufficient
83(5)
(2) Representation must be false at the time of reliance
88(2)
(3) Continuing representations and changes of circumstances
90(10)
F Representation must be Relied On
100(1)
(1) Reliance and inducement: a question of causation
100(3)
(2) Ambiguous statements or conduct
103(1)
(3) Causation: fraudulent misrepresentation
104(1)
(4) Causation: non-fraudulent misrepresentation
105(5)
(5) Presumption of reliance and onus of proof
110(4)
(6) Examples of non-reliance on a false representation
114(5)
(7) Opportunity to discover truth does not disprove reliance
119(2)
(8) Subsequent transactions
121
5 Non-Disclosure
A Introduction
1(1)
B No General Duty of Disclosure
2(8)
(1) Exceptional cases where non-disclosure permits rescission
4(6)
C Course of Dealings where Disclosure is Required
10(2)
(1) Misrepresentation by silence
10(1)
(2) Unilateral mistake
11(1)
D Relationships where Disclosure is Required
12(12)
(1) Fiduciary relationships
12(2)
(2) Family arrangements
14(7)
(3) Relationships of trust and confidence
21(3)
E Transactions where Disclosure is Required
24(1)
(1) Insurance
24(17)
(2) Guarantees and suretyship
41(17)
(3) Prospective partnerships
58(1)
(4) Compromises
59(6)
(5) Sales of land
65
6 Duress and Undue Influence
A Introduction
1(4)
B Duress
5(70)
(1) Introduction
5(4)
(2) First requirement: illegitimate pressure
9(37)
(3) Second requirement: coercion in the sense of no practical choice or alternative
46(15)
(4) Third requirement: causation
61(14)
C Undue Influence
75(1)
(1) Introduction
75(1)
(2) Two ways of proving undue influence
76(4)
(3) Actual undue influence: undue influence proved directly
80(14)
(4) Presumed undue influence: undue influence proved with the assistance of a presumption
94(26)
(5) Severable transactions
120
7 Mistake, Impaired Capacity, and Unconscionable Bargains
A Introduction
1(1)
B Mistake
2(39)
(1) Common mistake
7(5)
(2) Unilateral mistake
12(15)
(3) Special doctrines of rescission for mistake
27(14)
C Impaired Capacity: Mental Infirmity and Intoxication
41(28)
(1) Mental infirmity
45(20)
(2) Drunkenness or intoxication
65(4)
D Unconscionable Bargains: Exploitation
69(6)
(1) First requirement: serious disadvantage relative to the counterparty
75(5)
(2) Second requirement: weakness exploited in morally culpable manner
80(9)
(3) Third requirement: transaction overreaching and oppressive
89(4)
(4) Possible defence: counterparty shows that transaction was fair, just, and reasonable
93(4)
(5) Role of independent advice
97(6)
(6) Other Commonwealth jurisdictions
103
8 Conflict of Interest
A Introduction
1(2)
B Transactions with Fiduciaries
3(31)
(1) Nature and basis of the fair-dealing rule
5(6)
(2) Scope of the fair-dealing rule
11(6)
(3) Compliance with the fair-dealing rule
17(17)
C Double Employment
34(15)
(1) Consent to adverse duty or interest
38(4)
(2) Disclosure and advice
42(3)
(3) Substantive fairness
45(1)
(4) Implication of counterparty
46(3)
D Bribery
49(23)
(1) Rescission at law and in equity
51(1)
(2) Elements of bribery
52(9)
(3) Implication of counterparty
61(11)
E Causation Irrelevant
72
9 Third Party Wrongdoing
A Introduction
1(2)
B Contracts
3(4)
(1) The basic rule precluding rescission
3(1)
(2) Agency
4(1)
(3) Knowledge of misconduct
5(1)
(4) Relationship with unilateral mistake
6(1)
C Surety Contracts
7(14)
(1) Constructive notice
8(6)
(2) Circumstances in which special measures must be taken
14(4)
(3) Special measures that immunize the security
18(3)
D Gratuitous Dispositions
21
III RESCISSION BY ELECTION AND BY COURT ORDER
10 Common Law, Equity, and Fusion
A Introduction
1(2)
B Persistence of the Distinction between Rescission at Law and in Equity
3(17)
(1) Absence of fusion
3(7)
(2) The principle that rules of equity prevail
10(5)
(3) Reform
15(5)
C Overview of the Distinctions between Rescission at Law and in Equity
20(1)
(1) Introduction
20(3)
(2) Grounds for rescission
23(7)
(3) Bars to rescission
30(4)
(4) Differences between rescinding at law and in equity
34(5)
(5) Interaction between the common law and equitable doctrines
39
11 Electing to Rescind
A Introduction
1(2)
B How an Election to Rescind is Made
3(50)
(1) Communicating an unequivocal intention to disaffirm
3(12)
(2) Conduct must be unequivocal
15(4)
(3) Disaffirming by pleading
19(11)
(4) The need for communication
30(11)
(5) Rescission as a defence
41(7)
(6) Need for a tender or return of benefits at the time of electing
48(2)
(7) Special requirements when defending a call on shares
50(3)
C Transactions Voidable at Law
53(6)
(1) Election effects rescission
53(4)
(2) Election to rescind irrevocable
57(2)
D Transactions Voidable only in Equity
59(1)
(1) Summary
59(3)
(2) Historical context
62(5)
(3) The rescission by election line of authority
67(18)
(4) The `rescission by court order' line of authority
85(12)
(5) Other common law jurisdictions
97(10)
(6) Conclusions
107(6)
(7) Whether election to rescind is irrevocable
113
12 Extinction of the Contract
A Introduction
1(3)
B Rescission at Common Law
4(3)
C Rescission in Equity
7(1)
(1) Contract set aside by court order
7(4)
(2) Contract set aside by election?
11(11)
(3) Discretion to grant rescission
22
IV RESTITUTIO IN INTEGRUM
13 General Principles of Restitutio in Integrum
A Objective
1(6)
B Judicial Discretion
7(7)
C Heretical Approaches
14(12)
D Retrospective Effects
26(9)
(1) Introduction
26(1)
(2) Contractual rights
27(2)
(3) Property rights
29(3)
(4) Fiscal consequences
32(1)
(5) Contribution under the Marine Insurance Act 1906
33(1)
(6) Interest and income
34(1)
E Other Cases
35(1)
(1) Replacement contracts
35(1)
(2) Contract terminated by agreement
36
14 Mutual Restitution: Rescission at Law
A Introduction
1(1)
B Restitution of Benefits Transferred
2(43)
(1) Nature of the right to restitution
2(1)
(2) Restitution of property transferred
3(26)
(3) Substitutive restitution of property transferred
29(7)
(4) Restitution for money paid
36(5)
(5) Restitution for services provided
41(4)
C Counter-restitution of Benefits Received
45(1)
(1) Nature of the obligation to make counter-restitution
45(7)
(2) The need for a return or tender of benefits received
52(14)
(3) Security for counter-restitution
66(3)
(4) Counter-restitution of property received
69(7)
(5) Counter-restitution for money received
76(10)
(6) Counter-restitution for services received
86
15 Mutual Restitution: Rescission in Equity
A Introduction
1(2)
B Restitution of Benefits Transferred
3(41)
(1) Nature of the right to restitution
3(1)
(2) Restitution of property transferred
4(10)
(3) Substitutive restitution of property transferred
14(19)
(4) Restitution for money paid
33(6)
(5) Restitution for services provided
39(5)
C Counter-restitution of Benefits Received
44(25)
(1) Nature of the obligation to make counter-restitution
45(18)
(2) Counter-restitution of property received
63(2)
(3) Counter-restitution for money received
65(2)
(4) Counter-restitution for services received
67(2)
D Equitable Rescission by Election
69(1)
(1) Restitution
69(4)
(2) Counter-restitution
73
16 Proprietary Claims
A Introduction
1(1)
B Proprietary Claims upon Rescission at Law
2(10)
(1) Property
2(3)
(2) Money
5(5)
(3) Tracing into substitutes
10(2)
C Proprietary Claims upon Equitable Rescission
12(1)
(1) Title passes pending rescission
12(7)
(2) Recovering title
19(6)
(3) When does disaffirmation confer an equitable interest?
25(16)
(4) Retrospective equitable title
41(4)
(5) Proprietary claims in respect of money paid
45(14)
(6) Nature of the proprietary interest arising upon equitable rescission
59
17 Financial Adjustments
A Introduction
1(1)
B Restitution and Counter-restitution
2(30)
(1) Benefits derived from land and chattels
3(11)
(2) Joint acquisitions
14(1)
(3) Interest
15(8)
(4) Indemnity
23(7)
(5) Offsetting equivalent benefits
30(2)
C Compensation
32(3)
(1) Improvements and repairs
35(20)
(2) Deterioration and depreciation
55(6)
(3) Irrelevant detriments
61
18 Restitutio in Integrum Impossible
A Basic Principles
1(16)
(1) Purpose of the bar
3(6)
(2) The role of fault
9(3)
(3) The role of delay
12(5)
B The Bar at Law and in Equity
17(16)
(1) The bar at law
18(9)
(2) The bar in equity
27(3)
(3) Persistence of the distinction
30(3)
C Where Counter-restitution Not Required
33(15)
(1) Benefits obtained other than under the contract
34(2)
(2) Defendants fault
36(1)
(3) Asset lost following tender
37(2)
(4) Costless benefits
39(1)
(5) Insurance fraud
40(3)
(6) Benefits the defendant was bound to confer
43(3)
(7) Worthless assets and services
46(1)
(8) Set-off
47(1)
D Counter-restitution and Unavailable Assets
48(29)
(1) Counter-restitution impossible
48(4)
(2) Substitutive counter-restitution
52(10)
(3) The future of substitutive counter-restitution
62(15)
E Counter-restitution: Miscellaneous Issues
77(29)
(1) Possession, occupation, and use of asset
77(8)
(2) Asset changed
85(8)
(3) Asset depreciated owing to market decline
93(6)
(4) Services
99(3)
(5) Other intangible benefits
102(1)
(6) Money
103(3)
F Prejudicial Change of Circumstances
106(15)
(1) Unjustified prejudice
107(11)
(2) Money committed to joint purposes
118(1)
(3) Reversible change of circumstances
119(2)
G Miscellaneous Issues
121(1)
(1) Date of assessment
121(3)
(2) Onus of proof
124
19 Partial Rescission
A Introduction
1(1)
B Partial Rescission
2(7)
(1) Rationale
3(2)
(2) Rule applies to bargains
5(3)
(3) Unilateral dispositions
8(1)
C Adjustment of Insurance Contracts
9(1)
D Rescission Against Third Party Wrongdoers
10(7)
E Rescission on Terms
17(9)
(1) TSB Bank Pic v Camfield
18(4)
(2) Former exception in cases of mistaken dispositions of real property
22(4)
F Rescission on Terms Elsewhere in the Commonwealth
26(8)
(1) Australia: Vadasz v Pioneer Concrete
26(5)
(2) New Zealand
31(1)
(3) Canada
32(1)
(4) Hong Kong
33(1)
G Comment
34
V THIRD PARTIES
20 Intervention of Third Party Rights
A Introduction
1(5)
B Protection of Third Party Property Rights
6(22)
(1) The bar at law
9(14)
(2) The bar in equity
23(5)
C Protection of Other Third Party Rights
28(3)
(1) Multilateral contracts
31(2)
(2) Contracts relating to the subject matter of the voidable transaction
33(3)
(3) The winding-up bar
36
21 Remote Recipients
A Introduction
1(2)
B Remote Recipients Vulnerable to Rescission
3(26)
(1) Volunteers
4(4)
(2) Those taking with notice
8(14)
(3) Assignee of a chose in action
22(5)
(4) Crossed cheques
27(2)
C Nature of the Claim
29(11)
(1) Basis of the claim against volunteers and those taking with notice
29(2)
(2) Basis of the claim against assignees of a chose in action
31(4)
(3) No new claim to rescind upon disposition to remote recipient
35(1)
(4) Need to rescind original transaction
36(1)
(5) Remote recipient in no better position than original transferee
37(3)
D Consequences of Recovery
40(15)
(1) Avoidance of original contract
41(1)
(2) No avoidance of contract with the remote recipient
42(1)
(3) Restitution from the original transferee
43(2)
(4) Counter-restitution to the original transferee
45(3)
(5) Restitution from the remote recipient
48(2)
(6) No counter-restitution to the remote recipient
50(4)
(7) Remote recipient's rights against his transferor
54(1)
E Protection of Bona Fide Purchasers
55(1)
(1) Common law and equitable doctrines of bona fide purchase
55(8)
(2) Protection of purchaser of legal title
63(1)
(3) Protection of purchaser of equitable title
64(7)
(4) Onus of proof
71
22 Succeeding to Rights to Rescind
A Introduction
1(4)
B Devolution on Death
5(3)
(1) Heirs at law
5(1)
(2) Beneficiary under a will
6(1)
(3) Executors
7(1)
C Settlements
8(1)
D Assignment and Conveyance
9(1)
(1) Assignment
9(2)
(2) Second conveyance of same property
11
VI OTHER BARS
23 Affirmation
A Introduction
1(3)
B Nature and Justification
4(10)
(1) Juristic nature
4(6)
(2) Justification
10(4)
C Affirming Party must be Free from the Vitiating Factor
14(21)
(1) Pressure and exploitation
14(4)
(2) Misrepresentation, mistake, and non-disclosure
18(17)
D Need for Awareness of Right to Rescind
35(22)
(1) Uncertainty as to whether electing party must know rights
35(5)
(2) Awareness of rights required in England
40(2)
(3) Awareness of rights not required in other parts of the Commonwealth
42(9)
(4) Whether knowledge of right to rescind should be required
51(2)
(5) What must be known
53(1)
(6) Deliberately failing to inquire into rights
54(1)
(7) Proving knowledge of rights
55(2)
E Communication
57(4)
F Unequivocal Words or Conduct
61(37)
(1) General principle
61(3)
(2) Application of the general principle
64(27)
(3) Effect of reservation of rights
91(6)
(4) Possibility of affirming after an election to rescind
97(1)
G Intention to Affirm is not Required
98(5)
(1) General rule
98(3)
(2) Where affirming conduct is not known to other party
101(1)
(3) Relation to awareness of rights
102(1)
H Affirmation is Generally Irrevocable
103(7)
(1) General rule
103(1)
(2) Exception where subsequent discovery of new ground for rescission
104(6)
I Onus of Proof and Pleading
110(1)
(1) Onus of proof
110(1)
(2) Pleading
111
24 Delay and Estoppel
A Introduction
1(2)
B The Different Doctrines Engaged by Delay
3(35)
(1) Waiver by affirmation and by acquiescence
3(11)
(2) Laches
14(8)
(3) Statute of limitations applied directly
22(3)
(4) Statute of limitations applied by analogy
25(12)
(5) Mere lapse of time
37(1)
C When Delay Bars Rescission
38(78)
(1) Freedom from the vitiating factor
38(19)
(2) Need for awareness of rights
57(7)
(3) Unreasonable delay after emancipation from the vitiating factor
64(7)
(4) What amounts to unreasonable delay
71(38)
(5) The significance of prejudice
109(7)
D Estoppel
116
25 Bankruptcy and Winding Up
A Introduction
1(1)
B Bankruptcy and Winding Up Generally
2(19)
(1) No general bar to rescission
2(2)
(2) Supervening bankruptcy: rescinding to assert a proprietary claim
4(4)
(3) Supervening bankruptcy: rescinding to assert a personal claim
8(3)
(4) Rescission as a defence against the trustee in bankruptcy
11(1)
(5) Contracting with an undischarged bankrupt
12(5)
(6) Whether right to rescind survives discharge from bankruptcy
17(1)
(7) Winding up
18(3)
C Winding Up as a Bar to Shareholder's Rescission
21(1)
(1) Introduction
21(3)
(2) The bar
24(7)
(3) Rationale
31(11)
(4) Scope
42(20)
(5) When winding up commences
62(1)
(6) Operation of the bar before winding up
63(6)
(7) Steps to be taken to prevent the bar operating
69(8)
(8) Statutory exceptions
77
26 Contracting Out
A Introduction
1(1)
B General Law
2(10)
(1) Introduction
2(1)
(2) Types of clauses
3(1)
(3) Entire agreement clauses
4(2)
(4) No representation clauses
6(3)
(5) Non-reliance clauses
9(3)
C Misrepresentation Act 1967
12(22)
(1) Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967
13(1)
(2) Scope of section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967
14(9)
(3) Requirement of reasonableness
23(11)
D Consumer Protection Legislation
34
27 Bars for Non-Fraudulent Misrepresentation
A Introduction
1(4)
B Transfer of Title to Real Property
5(13)
(1) Nature of the bar
5(5)
(2) Abolition of the bar in England and Wales
10(2)
(3) Partial abolition of the bar in Australia
12(1)
(4) Abolition of the bar in New Zealand
13(1)
(5) Canada
14(2)
(6) Hong Kong and Singapore
16(2)
C Transfer of Title to Personal Property
18(18)
(1) Nature of the bar
18(10)
(2) Abolition of the bar in England and Wales
28(1)
(3) Australia
29(2)
(4) New Zealand
31(1)
(5) Canada
32(2)
(6) Hong Kong and Singapore
34(2)
D Incorporation as a Contractual Term
36(12)
(1) Nature of the bar
36(3)
(2) Abolition of the bar in England and Wales
39(1)
(3) Australia
40(4)
(4) New Zealand
44(1)
(5) Canada
45(1)
(6) Hong Kong and Singapore
46(2)
E Contracts for the Sale of Goods
48
(1) Bar on rescinding all sales of goods
48(6)
(2) Rescission barred when contractual right to reject is lost
54
28 Disproportionate Effect: Section 2(2) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967
A Introduction
1(5)
B Conditions to the Exercise of the Power
6(4)
C Grounds on which the Power may be Exercised
10(5)
D Measure of Damages
15(21)
(1) Consequential loss
22(3)
(2) Two mistaken theories
25(11)
E Disproportionate Effect and the Fair-dealing Rule
36
VII GIFTS AND DEEDS
29 Gifts and Deeds
A Introduction
1(1)
B Gifts
2(61)
(1) How gifts are made
2(6)
(2) Void gifts
8(5)
(3) Discretion to reject and to reclaim a gift
13(2)
(4) Special vulnerability of gifts to rescission
15(9)
(5) Significance of how the gift is made and what is given
24(3)
(6) Gifts made by conduct
27(13)
(7) Gifts made by deed
40(12)
(8) Dispositions of another's assets: powers of appointment
52(3)
(9) Gifts and theft
55(1)
(10) Assimilation of gifts to disadvantageous contracts
56(7)
C Deeds
63(570)
(1) Introduction
64(4)
(2) Duress
68(4)
(3) Fraud
72(11)
(4) Cancellation of deeds
83(550)
Index 633
Dominic O'Sullivan KC is a barrister specialising in commercial law. He wrote a thesis on the law of rescission under the supervision of the late Peter Birks, at Exeter College, Oxford (1997-2000), as a Commonwealth scholar. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (2001) and after practising in London at Essex Court Chambers, returned to Australia in 2006. He was appointed Queen's Counsel by the Supreme Court of Queensland in 2014.

Steven Elliott KC is a barrister specialising in commercial law. He wrote a doctoral thesis on equitable remedies at Merton College, Oxford (1997-2001) as a Commonwealth scholar. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn (2001) and practices out of the Chambers of Lord Grabiner KC, One Essex Court. Steven Elliott was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2018.

Rafal Zakrzweski specializes in corporate finance with an emphasis on debt, particularly in relation to syndicated lending, acquisition finance, real estate finance, and project finance. He advises lenders and borrowers on cross-border and domestic transactions, and has extensive experience relating to joint ventures. Rafal is a partner at CMS Poland. He is a fellow of St Hugh's College, Oxford.