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E-grāmata: Law of Tug and Tow and Offshore Contracts

Simon Rainey

Formāts: 952 pages
Sērija : Lloyd's Shipping Law Library
Izdošanas datums: 12-Dec-2017
Izdevniecība: CRC Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351364843

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Formāts: 952 pages
Sērija : Lloyd's Shipping Law Library
Izdošanas datums: 12-Dec-2017
Izdevniecība: CRC Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351364843

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Fully updated and revised to take into account the new BIMCO Supplytime 2017 contract with a detailed analysis of the changes since the Supplytime 2005 form and including a new analysis, for the first time, of the BIMCO Bargehire form, this is the only modern work on the law of towage and offshore vessel services. It gives a comprehensive and extensively researched account of the general law coupled with a detailed clause-by-clause commentary and analysis of all of the major standard contracts used in the international offshore, towage and heavylift sectors, comprising the BIMCO Towcon, Towhire, Supplytime and Heavylift forms, the full suite of BIMCO Wreck Removal forms and, now, also the BIMCO Bargehire form, as well as the ISU Salvcon and Salvhire forms.

The Law of Tug and Tow and Offshore Contracts has rapidly established itself as a leading text and is written by, Simon Rainey QC, one of the foremost shipping practitioners with unrivalled experience in the field.

Key reasons to buy The Law of Tug and Tow and Offshore Contracts, Fourth Edition

• the only clause-by-clause commentary on all of the major standard form contracts used by the offshore industry

• the only in-depth analysis of the drafting history of the BIMCO standard form offshore contracts, comparing the recent amended versions in their drafting context;

• the only authoritative analysis of the case law and arbitration decisions affecting the towage and offshore industries

• written from the perspective of a leading practitioner with unrivalled practical experience over many years of the contract forms and of the issues which arise under them (many of which are unreported) and involved in almost all of the leading cases and arbitrations in the field

• written with an eye on the practicalities of how the contracts work given the everyday problems which arise in the industry, with guidance where the standard forms may require amendment

Recenzijas

'a must have for the shelves of any maritime law practitioner or adviser.

BIMCO is quite right to conclude that the book has become effectively a "bible" for all those in the industry using these forms.

this an excellent book, well up to date and with detailed, comprehensive and authoritative commentary.'

Professor Nicholas Gaskell, The Journal of International Maritime Law

Foreword

xxv

Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony

Preface to the Fourth Edition

xxvii

Table of Cases

xxxi

Table of Legislation, Rules and Conventions

xlvii

Table of Statutory Instruments

xlix

Table of International Conventions, Rules and Legislation

Table of Forms and Conditions

Chapter 1 The Contract Of Towage

(26)

Part A Preliminary considerations

(11)

Defining towage

(1)

Towage arises ex contractu

(2)

Towage arises from a contract

(1)

The relationship between towage and salvage

(1)

Gratuitous towage

(1)

The contract of towage is a contract for services

(1)

Is the contract of towage one of bailment (or akin thereto)?

(4)

The role of the standard form contract

(4)

The UK Standard Conditions

(1)

The BIMCO ocean towage and other offshore industry forms

(2)

Common European towage forms

(1)

The place of implied terms in towage and allied contracts

(1)

Part B The making of the contract

(7)

Authority of master to contract to be towed

(3)

On behalf of his owners

(2)

On behalf of his vessel's cargo

(1)

Authority of a master to take a vessel in tow

(1)

The master of a tug

(1)

The master of a vessel not a tug

(1)

Pre-contractual disclosure: The Kingalock

(3)

Part C Other contractual matters

(8)

The legislative control of exemption clauses

(1)

No special rules of construction for towage contracts

(4)

The effect of the general equitable jurisdiction of the Admiralty Court

(4)

Chapter 2 The Implied Obligations Of Tug And Tow

(28)

Part A The obligations of the tug

(21)

The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982

(1)

The Minnehaha and The Julia

(3)

The principles summarised

(1)

The impact of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 on these principles

(1)

Preparation for the towage

(1)

Fitness of the tug for the towage service

(5)

The obligation

(1)

The nature of the obligation

(4)

Contract for a named tug: special considerations

(3)

How the considerations arise

(1)

The cases

(1)

The present position

(1)

Performance of the towage service

(6)

The general position

(1)

The question of control

(1)

Examples of identifying which vessel is in control

(2)

If the tug is in control of the service

(2)

Completion of the towage service

(1)

Interruptions in the course of the towage

(1)

Circumstances in which the towage can be abandoned

(2)

Part B The obligations of the tow

(7)

The Julia

(1)

Fitness of the tow for the towage service

(2)

Proper seamanship during the towage service

(2)

The general position

(1)

The question of control

(1)

Tow in control

(1)

Tug in control

(1)

Other aspects of the tow's obligations: the duty of co-operation

(3)

Chapter 3 Standard Form Contracts: (I) The UK Standard Conditions For Towage And Other Services

(30)

Part A Introduction

(1)

Part B Commentary on the Conditions

(29)

Clause 1: introductory and definitions

(10)

Paragraph (a)

(1)

Paragraph (b)(i)-(iii)

(1)

Paragraph (b)(iv): "whilst towing"

(6)

"Whilst towing": significance

(1)

The commencement of "towing"

(4)

The involvement of more than one tug

(1)

The cesser of "towing"

(1)

Paragraph (b)(v)-(vii)

(2)

Clause 2: hirer's warranty of authority

(1)

Clause 3: vicarious liability of tow for tug

(4)

Generally

(1)

The period during which the clause operates

(1)

Effect as between tug and tow

(1)

Effect as between tug and tow and third parties

(2)

Clause 4: the exemption clause

(9)

Period of application and scheme of the clause

(1)

Paragraph 4(a)

(1)

Paragraph 4(b)

(1)

Paragraph 4(c)

(3)

Personal fault of tug owner as to seaworthiness

(1)

Tug not in a position of proximity or risk

(1)

Paragraph 4(d)

(1)

Paragraph 4(e)

(2)

Clause 5: substitution of tug

(3)

Clause 6: reservation of special rights

(1)

Clause 7: further exemption clause

(1)

Clause 8: non-suit clause

(1)

Clause 9: jurisdiction clause

(2)

Chapter 4 Standard Form Contracts: (II) The BIMCO Forms "Towcon 2008" And "Towhire 2008"

(120)

Part A The "Towcon 2008" and "Towhire 2008" Forms

(2)

The genesis of the forms

(1)

The 2008 revision of the forms

(1)

The nature of the two forms

(1)

Part B The "Towcon 2008" Form

(112)

The structure and organisation of the form

(1)

Part I of "Towcon 2008"

(3)

Boxes 4 to 12

(1)

Boxes 13 to 21

(1)

Annex A (Vessel Specification)

(1)

Boxes 22 to 25

(1)

Boxes 26 to 30

(1)

Boxes 33 to 35

(1)

Box 40

(1)

Part II of "Towcon"

(1)

Commentary upon Part II of the form

(108)

Clause 1: the tow

(1)

Clause 2: basis of the contract

(1)

Clause 3: price and conditions of payment

(3)

The lump sum

(2)

The earning of the lump sum and the anti-deduction clause

(1)

Clause 4: the bunker price adjustment clause

(1)

Clause 5: the cancelling date and the hirer's right to cancel

(1)

Clause 6: free time and delay payments

100

(3)

Clause 7: passage through canals and "Restricted Waters"

103

(1)

Clause 8: ice clause

103

(1)

Clause 9: additional charges and extra costs

104

(2)

Clause 10: war risk escalation clause

106

(1)

Clause 11: interest

106

(1)

Clause 12: security

107

(1)

Clause 13: place of departure/readiness for departure

108

(4)

The place of departure

108

(2)

The readiness of the tow for departure

110

(2)

Certification

112

(1)

Clause 14: place of destination

112

(1)

Clause 15: riding crew

113

(1)

Clause 16: towing gear and use of tow's gear

114

(1)

Clause 17: permits and certification

115

(1)

Clause 18: tow-worthiness of the tow

116

(2)

Fitness of the tow

116

(1)

Certificate of tow-worthiness

117

(1)

Non-waiver clause

118

(1)

Clause 19: the tug's seaworthiness

118

(1)

Clause 20: substitution of tugs

119

(1)

Clause 21: salvage

119

(1)

Clause 22: termination by the hirer

120

(1)

Clause 23: termination by the tug owner

121

(2)

Clause 24: necessary deviation or slow steaming

123

(2)

Generally

123

(1)

Deviation from the original route

124

(1)

The liberties to deviate

124

(1)

Impermissible deviations

125

(1)

Clause 25: liabilities and mutual indemnities

125

(56)

Generally

125

(2)

"Gross Negligence" and "Wilful Misconduct" exceptions

127

(2)

The correct approach to construction of clause 25

129

(9)

Clause 25's use of contractual indemnities

138

(1)

Injury to or death of those engaged in the towage: sub-clause (a)

139

(4)

Loss of or damage to or caused by tug and tow: sub-clause (b)

143

(1)

Scope of exclusion/exemption

144

(15)

Heads of excluded loss and damage

159

(6)

Other (financial) losses: sub-clause (c)

165

(1)

The changes reflected in clause 25(c): (1) redefinition of heads of loss

165

(7)

The changes reflected in clause 25(c): (2) specific reference to excluded causes (and negligence)

172

(1)

Heads of excluded loss and damage

173

(1)

The circumstances in which clause 25(c) applies

174

(5)

The overall operation of clause 25(a)-(c)

179

(1)

Statutory limitations: sub-clause (d)

180

(1)

Clause 26: Himalaya clause

181

(2)

Clause 27: "war" and other risks and difficulties

183

(6)

Paragraph (a): the "defined terms"

183

(2)

Paragraph (b): war and other risks affecting the passage

185

(1)

Paragraphs (c)-(d): additional insurance for the tug and wages for crews

186

(1)

Paragraph (e): the liberty to deviate

187

(1)

Paragraph (f): blocking and trapping

187

(1)

Paragraphs (g) and (h): consequential provisions

188

(1)

Clause 28: lien

189

(1)

Clause 29: warranty of authority

189

(3)

Clauses 30 and 31: general provisions and time bar

192

(1)

Clause 32: compliance with the ISPS and the United States MTSA legislation

193

(3)

Clauses 33-35: dispute resolution; security for claims and contractual notices

196

(1)

Clause 33: (1): the dispute resolution provisions in paragraphs (a)-(c) and (e)

196

(1)

Clause 33: (2): the new mediation provisions in paragraph (d)

197

(1)

Clause 34: security for claims

198

(1)

Clause 35: notices

199

(1)

Part C The "Towhire 2008" Form

199

(6)

The structure and organisation of the form

199

(1)

Commentary on the different provisions in the "Towhire 2008" form

200

(7)

Clause 3: price and payment clause

200

(1)

Hire

200

(1)

Mobilisation/Demobilisation payment

201

(1)

Anti-deduction clause

201

(1)

Absence of delay payments and free time

201

(1)

Clause 4: bunkers and allied matters

201

(2)

Clause 11: place of departure

203

(1)

Other clauses

203

(2)

Chapter 5 Standard Form Contracts: (III) The BIMCO "Supplytime 2017" Form (Together With Its Predecessor "Supplytime 2005" And The "Windtime" Variant)

205

(112)

Part A The genesis of the "Supplytime" Form

205

(2)

Part B The "Supplytime 2017" Form

207

(3)

A species of time charterparty

207

(1)

The structure and organisation of the "Supplytime 2017" form

207

(3)

Part C Commentary on the "Supplytime 2017" form (and its predecessor "Supplytime 2005")

210

(100)

Preamble: contractual definitions

210

(100)

Clause 1: period

213

(2)

Clause 2: delivery and redelivery

215

(4)

Clause 3: condition of vessel

219

(3)

Description, class and seaworthiness as at delivery

220

(1)

Seaworthiness and class during the service

220

(2)

Clause 4: structural alterations to the vessel and extra equipment

222

(2)

Clause 5: survey

224

(3)

Supplytime 2005

224

(1)

Supplytime 2017

224

(3)

Clause 6: employment and area of operation

227

(5)

Scope of vessel's employment

227

(2)

Certificates

229

(1)

The vessel's space

230

(1)

The former 2005 contractual regime

231

(1)

Supplytime 2017

231

(1)

Lay-up clause ("Supplytime 2005", cf. clause 33 of "Supplytime 2017")

232

(1)

Clause 7: master and crew

232

(4)

Ordinary features

233

(1)

Paragraph (d): compliance with orders

234

(2)

Clauses 8 and 9: "provide and pay for" clauses

236

(2)

Owners

236

(1)

Charterers

236

(2)

Clause 10: fuel (including bunkers)

238

(5)

Clause 10 of "Supplytime 2005"

239

(2)

Clause 10 of "Supplytime 2017"

241

(2)

Clause 11: compliance with the ISPS and the United States MTSA legislation

243

(2)

Clause 12: hire and payments

245

(6)

Clause 13: off hire (formerly "suspension of hire")

251

(7)

General

251

(5)

Maintenance and dry-docking

256

(2)

Clause 14: liabilities

258

(19)

The main changes to the knock-for-knock regime under "Supplytime 2017"

258

(2)

The "Group" coverage of "knock-for-knock

260

(1)

"Knock-for-knock"

261

(1)

A more limited form of "knock-for-knock"

262

(2)

Scope of exemption/indemnity

264

(3)

Heads of excluded loss and damage

267

(1)

"Excluded losses" ("Supplytime 2017) or "Consequential damages" (Supplytime 2005)

268

(1)

The "Supplytime 2005" version

269

(1)

The 2005 scope of the losses excluded

269

(4)

The operation of the 2005 clause

273

(1)

The "Supplytime 2017" version

274

(1)

The 2017 scope of the losses excluded

274

(1)

The 2017 operation of the clause

275

(1)

Other matters: limitation of liability and "Himalaya" clause

275

(1)

Hazardous and noxious substances ("Supplytime 2005")

276

(1)

Clause 15: pollution

277

(2)

Clause 16: wreck removal

279

(1)

Clause 17: insurance

280

(2)

Clause 18: saving of life and salvage

282

(2)

Liberty to deviate

282

(1)

Liberty to perform salvage

282

(1)

Salvage rendered to the charterer's property

283

(1)

Clause 19: lien

284

(1)

Clause 20: sublet and assignment

285

(1)

Clause 21: substitute vessel

286

(1)

Clause 22: war risks

287

(1)

Clause 23: cancellation in light of war

287

(1)

Clauses 24 and 25: ports and places affected by ice conditions and disease

287

(3)

Ice

288

(1)

Epidemic and fever/contagious diseases

289

(1)

Clauses 26 and 27 of "Supplytime 2005" (removed from "Supplytime 2017"): General Average; New Jason; Both-to-Blame omnibus time charter provisions

290

(1)

Clauses 26-32 and 35-42 of "Supplytime 2017": other general or omnibus provisions and standard BIMCO time charter provisions

291

(6)

Clauses 33 and 34 of "Supplytime 2017": lay-up and early termination

297

(1)

Clause 33: lay-up

297

(2)

Clause 34: early termination (formerly clause 31 of "Supplytime 2005")

299

(12)

The differences between the "Supplytime 2017" and "Supplytime 2005" forms

299

(1)

Charterer's right of termination under the 2017 (and 2005) form

300

(1)

Termination by either party "for cause" under the "Supplytime 2017" form

300

(2)

Termination for repudiatory breach and accumulated off hire under "Supplytime 2017"

302

(2)

Termination by either party for cause under clause 31(b) of "Supplytime 2005"

304

(1)

The "Supplytime 2005" procedure for termination for cause

304

(2)

The events which give rise to the right to terminate under clause 31(b) of "Supplytime 2005"

306

(4)

Part D The "Windtime" Form: a "Supplytime" variant

310

(7)

A time charterparty for a special offshore service

310

(1)

The special aspects of the "Windtime" form

311

(7)

Definitions

312

(1)

Clause 4: condition of the vessel

312

(1)

Clause 6: vessel audit and survey

312

(1)

Clause 8: master and crew (special features)

313

(1)

Clause 9: conduct

314

(1)

Clause 12: bunkers

314

(1)

Clause 16: knock-for-knock and mutual indemnities

315

(1)

Clause 31: early termination

316

(1)

Chapter 6 Standard Form Contracts: (IV) The BIMCO "Bargehire 2008" Form

317

(28)

Part A The genesis of the "Bargehire" Form

317

(1)

Part B The "Bargehire 2008" Form

318

(3)

A species of demise charterparty

318

(1)

The application of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (as amended)

319

(1)

The structure and organisation of the "Bargehire 2008" form

320

(1)

Part C Commentary on the form

321

(24)

Clause I: definitions

321

(1)

Clause 2: period of charter party

321

(1)

Clause 3: delivery

322

(2)

Clause 4: mobilisation and demobilisation

324

(1)

Clause 5: substitution

324

(1)

Clause 6: time for delivery

325

(1)

Clause 7: cancelling

325

(2)

Clause 8: trading limits

327

(1)

Clause 9: excluded cargoes

328

(1)

Clauses 10 and 11: surveys and inventories

329

(1)

Clause 12: inspection

330

(1)

Clause 13: maintenance and operation

331

(4)

Generally

332

(1)

Maintenance and repair

333

(1)

Changes to the barge

334

(1)

Restrictions on the charterer's use of the barge

334

(1)

Clause 14: ballast engineer

335

(1)

Clause 15: hire

336

(1)

Clauses 16 and 17: insurance of the barge and in respect of other risks

337

(1)

Clause 18: insured repairs

338

(1)

Clause 19: ballast water management

339

(1)

Clause 20: force majeure

339

(1)

Clause 21: consequential loss

340

(1)

Clauses 22 and 23: redelivery and early redelivery

340

(2)

Clause 24: non-lien and indemnity

342

(1)

Clauses 26-34: standard boilerplate and other general provisions

343

(2)

Chapter 7 Standard Form Contracts: (V) The BIMCO "Heavycon 2007"; "Heavyliftvoy" And "Projectcon" Forms

345

(86)

Part A The background to the forms

345

(3)

Part B The "Heavycon 2007" Form

348

(35)

The structure of the form

348

(1)

Part I and the "boxes"

349

(1)

Annex "A" and the "Demarcation of Scope of Work"

350

(1)

Commentary on the provisions of Part II

350

(33)

Clause 1: definitions

351

(1)

Clause 2: the contractual voyage

352

(4)

The obligation to transport the cargo

352

(1)

The obligation as to the seaworthiness of the vessel

353

(3)

The obligation of dispatch

356

(1)

Clause 3: deviation; delays; part cargo

356

(2)

Clause 4: loading and discharging responsibilities

358

(3)

Generally

358

(1)

358

(2)

Discharging

360

(1)

Other matters

361

(1)

Clause 5: necessary permits and licences

361

(1)

Clause 6: duties and taxes

362

(1)

Clause 7: quarantine

362

(1)

Clause 8: commencement of laydays and cancellation of the charter

363

(2)

Clause 9: advance notices

365

(1)

Clause 10: notice of readiness

366

(1)

Clause 11: the condition of the cargo and the approval of the transportation

367

(2)

Clause 12: freight

369

(1)

Clause 13: free time and demurrage

370

(1)

Clause 14: mobilisation and demobilisation

371

(1)

Clause 15: canal transit

372

(1)

Clause 16: bunker escalation

372

(1)

Clause 18: dangerous cargo

373

(1)

Clause 19: lien

373

(1)

Clause 20: substitution

374

(1)

Clause 21: termination

374

(1)

Clause 22: liabilities and indemnities

374

(3)

Clause 23: consequential damages

377

(1)

Clause 24: pollution

378

(1)

Clause 25: bill of lading or cargo receipt

378

(2)

Clause 26: insurance

380

(1)

Clause 27: cargo Himalaya clause

381

(1)

Clause 32: limitation of liability

381

(1)

Clause 34: agency

382

(1)

Clause 35: brokerage

382

(1)

Clause 37: double banking

382

(1)

Part C The "Heavyliftvoy" Form

383

(27)

The structure of the form

384

(1)

Part I and the "boxes"

385

(1)

Commentary on the provisions of Part II

386

(24)

Definitions

387

(1)

Clause 1: scope of voyage

388

(2)

Clause 2: cargo requirements

390

(4)

Requirements as to the cargo

391

(2)

The carrier's right to an indemnity

393

(1)

Defence of insufficiency of packing

394

(1)

Clause 3: cargo description

394

(1)

Clause 4: cargo discrepancy

395

(1)

Clauses 9 and 10: the loading of the cargo and the "free-in" and "liner-in hook" options

395

(1)

Clause 9: "free-in"

396

(2)

Clause 10: "liner-in hook"

398

(1)

Clauses 11, 12 and 13: provisions common to both "free-in" and "liner-in hook" options

399

(1)

Clause 11: standard of seafastening

399

(1)

Clauses 12 and 13: swell, port congestion and time waiting to berth

400

(1)

Clauses 14 and 15: the discharging of the cargo and the "free-in" and "liner-in hook" options

400

(2)

Clauses 16 and 17: provisions common to both "free-in" and "liner-in hook" options

402

(1)

Clause 18: freight, demurrage and detention

402

(1)

Clause 21: terminal charges

403

(1)

Clause 23: part cargoes

403

(1)

Clause 24: taxes, dues and charges

403

(1)

Clause 25: bunker price adjustment

404

(2)

Clause 26: deck cargo

406

(1)

Clause 27: bills of lading

407

(1)

Clause 30: merchant's option to terminate

408

(1)

Clause 34: clause paramount

409

(1)

Clause 39: BIMCO clause for special US Customs requirements

409

(1)

Part D The "Projectcon" Form

410

(21)

The structure of the form

411

(1)

Part I and the "boxes"

411

(1)

Commentary on the provisions of Part II

412

(19)

Definitions

414

(1)

The contractual voyage

415

(5)

Lying aground

415

(1)

The obligation as to the seaworthiness of the vessels

416

(4)

The obligation of due despatch

420

(1)

Clause 3: deviation and delays

420

(1)

Clause 4: the parties' responsibilities for the ballasting of the barge for cargo operations

421

(1)

Clause 5: the parties' responsibilities for loading and discharging

422

(2)

Clause 7: taxes

424

(1)

Clause 9: the period within which the barge is to be delivered and loaded, and the rights to cancel

424

(1)

Clause 10: notice of readiness and other advance notices

425

(1)

Clause 11: marine warranty surveyor and approval of cargo and vessels

426

(1)

Clause 12: freight

427

(1)

Clause 13: free time and delay payments

427

(1)

Clause 21: "knock for knock" and mutual indemnities

428

(2)

Clause 22: bills of lading, cargo notes and receipts

430

(1)

Chapter 8 Towage And Salvage

431

(32)

Part A Preliminary considerations

431

(5)

The historical relationship between towage and salvage

431

(1)

The nature of salvage

432

(1)

The 1989 Salvage Convention

433

(3)

The essential criteria for salvage

433

(1)

Subject of salvage

433

(1)

Danger

434

(1)

Voluntariness

435

(1)

Success

435

(1)

Part B From towage service to salvage service

436

(20)

The issues and questions arising

436

(1)

The approach in The Minnehaha

437

(1)

Its restatement in the later cases

438

(2)

The test as expressed in the salvage conventions

440

(1)

The first requirement: unforeseen circumstances putting tow in danger

441

(5)

Unforeseen circumstances

441

(2)

Circumstances creative of danger for the tow

443

(2)

Danger to tow not of itself sufficient

445

(1)

No need for danger to the tug

446

(1)

The second requirement: service or services outside the scope of the contract

446

(2)

The burden and standard of proof

448

(1)

The effect of "conversion into salvage" upon the towage contract

449

(1)

The relationship with salvage under the common forms of contract

450

(2)

Towage contracts providing for "no salvage charges"

452

(1)

Effect upon the rights of the tug crew

453

(1)

The sub-contracting in of tugs in salvage services

453

(1)

The effect of misconduct by the tug

454

(2)

The early authorities

455

(1)

The modern approach

455

(1)

Part C Contracts for "engaged services"

456

(4)

The nature of "engaged services"

456

(2)

Have "engaged services" survived the 1989 Salvage Convention?

458

(2)

Part D Salvage of a tug and tow

460

(3)

Chapter 9 The ISU Standard Form Contracts For The Provision Of Tugs To Salvors For Use In Salvage: "Salvcon 2005" And "Salvhire 2005"

463

(26)

Part A Introduction

463

(1)

Part B The "Salvcon 2005" and "Salvhire 2005" Forms

464

(2)

The genesis of the forms

464

(1)

The nature of the two forms

465

(1)

Part C The "Salvcon 2005" Form

466

(21)

The structure and organisation of the form

466

(1)

Part I of the "Salvcon 2005" form

466

(2)

Box 4

466

(1)

Boxes 3 and 5

467

(1)

Boxes 6-8

467

(1)

Box 9

467

(1)

Boxes 10-16

468

(1)

Box 17

468

(1)

Part II of the "Salvcon 2005" form

468

(1)

Commentary on Part II of the form

469

(23)

Clause 1: definitions

469

(1)

Clause 2: nature of services to be provided by the owner

470

(1)

Clause 3: price and conditions of payment

471

(2)

Lump sum

471

(1)

Delay payments and overpayments

472

(1)

Termination for non-or late payment

472

(1)

Clauses 4 and 5: free time and delay payments

473

(1)

Clause 6: employment and area of operations

474

(1)

Clause 7: master and crew

475

(1)

Clause 8: the owner's obligations

475

(3)

Owner's obligations

475

(1)

Protection of the environment

476

(1)

No claims for salvage

476

(2)

Clause 9: hirer's representative

478

(1)

Clause 10: permits

478

(1)

Clause 11: towing gear and equipment

479

(1)

Clause 12: seaworthiness of the vessel

479

(1)

Clause 13: substitution of the vessel

479

(1)

Clause 14: termination

479

(1)

Clause 15: time for payment and interest

480

(1)

Clause 16: extra costs

480

(1)

Clauses 17 and 18: security and insurance

481

(1)

Clause 19: liabilities

482

(3)

Injury to or death of those involved in the service (clauses 19.1 and 19.2)

482

(1)

Loss of or damage caused to or by vessels involved (clauses 19.3 and 19.4)

483

(1)

Other (financial) losses and statutory limitations (clauses 19.5 and 19.6)

484

(1)

Clauses 20-24 and 27: general provisions

485

(1)

Clauses 25 and 26: law and arbitration procedure

486

(1)

Part D The "Salvhire 2005" Form

487

(2)

Chapter 10 The BIMCO/ISU Standard Form Contracts For Wreck Removal And Marine Services: "Wreckhire 2010"; "Wreckstage 2010" And "Wreckfixed 2010"

489

(34)

Part A Introduction

489

(2)

Part B The 2010 Standard "Wreck" Forms

491

(1)

Part C The "Wreckhire 2010" Form

492

(26)

The structure of the form

492

(1)

Part I and the "boxes"

492

(2)

The Annexes to the form

494

(1)

Commentary on the provisions of Part II

494

(24)

Clause 1: definitions

494

(1)

Clause 2: the services

495

(1)

Clause 3: company representative

496

(1)

Clause 4: change of work method and/or personnel, craft and equipment

497

(3)

Clause 5: miscellaneous responsibilities of the parties

500

(1)

Clause 6: permits

501

(1)

Clause 7: delays

501

(4)

Clause 8: suspension or termination

505

(1)

Clause 9: delivery or disposal of the vessel by the contractor

506

(1)

Clause 10: price and conditions of payment

507

(1)

Clause 11: bonus for prompt completion by the contractor

508

(1)

Clause 12: reduced daily rate of hire for late completion

509

(1)

Clause 13: extra costs incurred in relation to the services

509

(1)

Clause 14: extra costs incurred in disposing of the vessel

510

(1)

Clause 15: security

511

(1)

Clause 16: liabilities

511

(2)

Clauses 17-19 and 22: standard provisions (Himalaya clause; lien; time for suit; notices)

513

(1)

Clause 20: expert evaluation of alteration of rates of hire and losses of time under clauses 4 and 7

513

(1)

Clause 20 envisages a two-stage procedure

514

(1)

Clause 21: arbitration and mediation

515

(1)

Clause 23: insurance

516

(1)

Clause 24: duties as to avoidance of pollution and knock-for-knock for pollution liabilities

517

(1)

Clause 25: rotation and replacement of craft, equipment and personnel

517

(1)

Clause 26: general provisions

517

(1)

Part D The "Wreckstage 2010" Form

518

(3)

Clause 8: suspension or termination

518

(1)

Clause 9: delivery or disposal

519

(1)

Clause 10: price and conditions of payment

520

(1)

Clause 11: extra costs

520

(1)

Part E The "Wreckfixed 2010" Form

521

(2)

General description of the form

m521

Differences with the provisions of "Wreckstage 2010"

522

(1)

Chapter 11 Collisions Involving Tug And Tow

523

(18)

Part A Preliminary remarks

523

(2)

The scope of the chapter

523

(1)

Navigation and the Collision Regulations

523

(1)

Navigation and navigational rules

523

(1)

The role of the Collision Regulations

524

(1)

The general scheme for apportioning liability in collisions between vessels

524

(1)

Part B Navigation by tug and tow

525

(7)

The role of the towage contract

525

(1)

The duties upon the tug

525

(2)

The duties upon the tow

527

(1)

Special aspects of the Collision Regulations

527

(5)

Lights and shapes

528

(1)

Sound signals

529

(1)

Navigational rules

529

(1)

Application to water-borne objects

530

(1)

Tug and tow: how treated

531

(1)

Part C Collision between tug and tow

532

(1)

The relevance of the contract

532

(1)

Where the contract is silent

533

(1)

Part D Collisions during the towage which involve a third vessel

533

(8)

The irrelevance of the contract

533

(1)

The doctrine of control

533

(3)

The old law

534

(1)

The test in The Devonshire

535

(1)

"Control" not necessarily decisive

535

(1)

Liabilities between tug, tow and third party vessel

536

(5)

Third party vessel not to blame

536

(1)

Third party vessel also to blame

536

(1)

The effect of common ownership of tug and tow

537

(4)

Chapter 12 Towage And Limitation Of Liability

541

(20)

Part A Limiting liability: general principles

541

(3)

Historical background

541

(2)

A question of policy

541

(1)

The English approach

541

(1)

Section 503 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894

542

(1)

The Merchant Shipping Act 1979 (replaced by the Merchant Shipping Act 1995): the new regime

542

(1)

The framework of the 1976 Convention and the Merchant Shipping Act 1995

543

(1)

Special questions arising in relation to tug and tow

544

(1)

Part B Application of the Limitation Convention to "ships"

544

(1)

The relevant wording of the 1976 Convention

544

(1)

The position in English law

544

(1)

Part C The aggregation of tug and tow for the purposes of the limitation fund

545

(9)

The question of aggregation: the "flotilla issue"

545

(1)

The cases before the Merchant Shipping Act 1958

546

(1)

The wording of the 1894 Act

546

(1)

The cases

546

(1)

The cases following the Merchant Shipping Act 1958

547

(6)

The wording of the 1894 Act, as amended by the 1958 Act

547

(1)

The decision in The Bramley Moore (1964)

548

(1)

The decision in The Sir Joseph Rawlinson (1972) and later cases

549

(2)

A summary of the law before the Merchant Shipping Act 1979 (now the Merchant Shipping Act 1995)

551

(1)

A comparison: the Canadian and American cases

552

(1)

The Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (replacing the Merchant Shipping Act 1979) and the 1976 Limitation Convention

553

(1)

The relevant wording

553

(1)

The current state of the law on aggregation

553

(1)

The special problem of the flotilla's physical structure

554

(1)

Part D Limitation of claims "arising on any distinct occasion"

554

(1)

The wording of the 1976 Convention

554

(1)

The cases

555

(1)

Part E Application of Limitation Convention between tug and tow

555

(6)

How the question arises

555

(1)

The position under the 1976 Convention

555

(3)

The decision in Smit v Mobius

558

(3)

Chapter 13 Tug And Tow And General Average

561

(12)

Part A The special issues arising

561

(2)

General average and the York-Antwerp Rules

561

(1)

Questions specific to tug and tow

562

(1)

Part B Recovery of towage expenses in general average

563

(2)

Summary of the position

563

(1)

The leading cases

563

(1)

The adjusters' rules of practice

564

(1)

Part C General average as between tug and tow

565

(8)

The fundamental requirements for general average

565

(1)

Practical importance for tug and tow

565

(1)

The importance of the York-Antwerp Rules 1994 and 2004

565

(1)

The position prior to the 1994 Rules

566

(3)

Commonality of adventure

566

(2)

The basis of contribution between the respective interests

568

(1)

The York-Antwerp Rules 1994/2004 and the new Rule B

569

(5)

Commonality of maritime adventure

570

(1)

Measure as to general average

570

(1)

Tow-line slipped to save vessel(s)

570

(1)

Disconnection an act of general average: continuation of

common adventure

571

(2)

Chapter 14 Admiralty Jurisdiction

573

(10)

Historical background

573

(1)

Present-day Admiralty jurisdiction

573

(1)

Features of the jurisdiction in respect of towage

574

(9)

Jurisdiction in rem

574

(1)

No maritime lien

574

(1)

Towage in respect of a ship

575

(4)

Claims in the nature of towage

579

(1)

Other available heads of jurisdiction

580

Appendices

Appendix 1 UK Standard Conditions for Towage and Other Services (Revised 1986)

583

(2)

Appendix 2 "Towcon 2008"

585

(20)

Appendix 3 "Towhire 2008"

605

(14)

Appendix 4 "Supplytime 2017"

619

(32)

Appendix 5 "Supplytime 2005"

651

(16)

Appendix 6 "Windtime"

667

(26)

Appendix 7 "Bargehire 2008"

693

(14)

Appendix 8 "Heavycon 2007"

707

(18)

Appendix 9 "Heavyliftvoy"

725

(18)

Appendix 10 "Projectcon"

743

(10)

Appendix 11 "Heavyconbill 2007"

753

(2)

Appendix 12 "Heavyconreceipt 2007"

755

(2)

Appendix 13 "Heavylifivoybill"

757

(2)

Appendix 14 "Salvcon 2005"

759

(8)

Appendix 15 "Salvhire 2005"

767

(8)

Appendix 16 "Wreckhire 2010"

775

(14)

Appendix 17 "Wreckstage 2010"

789

(14)

Appendix 18 "Wreckfixed 2010"

803

(12)

Appendix 19 Rules 24 and 35 of Merchant Shipping (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations 1989 (51 1989 No. 1798)

815

(4)

Appendix 20 Netherlands Tug Owners Conditions 1951

819

(4)

Appendix 21 Scandinavian Tugowners Standard Conditions of the Year 1959 Revised 1974 and 1985

823

(2)

Appendix 22 Alexander G. Tsavliris Ltd v OIL Ltd (The Herdentor), judgment of the Hon. Mr Justice Clarke of 19 January 1996 (unreported)

825

(36)

Index

861

Simon Rainey QC has been cited for over 25 years as a Leading Silk in the areas of Shipping, Commodities, Commercial Litigation and Dispute Resolution, International Arbitration, Energy and Natural Resources, and Insurance and Reinsurance and Professional Negligence by Legal 500 and Chambers and Partners.

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