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E-grāmata: Laytime and Demurrage

(Gray's Inn, UK)
  • Formāts: 660 pages
  • Sērija : Lloyd's Shipping Law Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000426977
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  • Bibliotēkām
  • Formāts: 660 pages
  • Sērija : Lloyd's Shipping Law Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000426977
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"Laytime and Demurrage is the leading authority for all queries pertaining to this vital aspect of maritime law. It has continued to offer reliable, authoritative, and in-depth analysis since the first edition published in 1986. Praised for its unrivalled coverage and lucid writing style, this book provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of laytime and demurrage, tracing the development of the law from its origins in the nineteenth century right up to the present day. The author delivers an in-depth analysis of both fixed and customary laytime clauses, the rules relating to commencement of laytime in berth, dock and port charters, and discusses under which circumstances laytime can be suspended. Furthermore, it analyses demurrage rules and vitalissues such as despatch, detention and frustration. This eighth edition includes all key judicial and arbitral decisions reported since the seventh edition published in 2016. It also covers suffixes in connection with laytime measured in terms of Workingdays and Weather Working Days, and disputes arising from tender of NORs at the end of the sea passage. Laytime and Demurrage is an invaluable guide for both legal practitioners and maritime professionals worldwide, including commodity traders and brokers, shipping companies, P&I Clubs, shipowners, charterers, and arbitrators"--

Laytime and Demurrage is the leading authority for all queries pertaining to this vital aspect of maritime law. It has continued to offer reliable, authoritative, and in-depth analysis since the first edition published in 1986.

Laytime and Demurrage

is the leading authority for all queries pertaining to this vital aspect of maritime law. It has continued to offer reliable, authoritative, and in-depth analysis since the first edition published in 1986.

Praised for its unrivalled coverage and lucid writing style, this book provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of laytime and demurrage, tracing the development of the law from its origins in the nineteenth century right up to the present day. The author delivers an in-depth analysis of both fixed and customary laytime clauses, the rules relating to commencement of laytime in berth, dock and port charters, and discusses under which circumstances laytime can be suspended. Furthermore, it analyses demurrage rules and vital issues such as despatch, detention and frustration.

This eighth edition includes all key judicial and arbitral decisions reported since the seventh edition published in 2016. It also covers suffixes in connection with laytime measured in terms of Working days and Weather Working Days, and disputes arising from tender of NORs at the end of the sea passage.

Laytime and Demurrage

is an invaluable guide for both legal practitioners and maritime professionals worldwide, including commodity traders and brokers, shipping companies, P&I Clubs, shipowners, charterers, and arbitrators.

Preface to the Eighth Edition xvii
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Statutes
lv
Chapter 1 General Principles
1(1)
The construction of laytime clauses
43(14)
Good faith, honesty and reasonableness
57(1)
Good faith and honesty
58(3)
Inconsistencies between Statements of Facts
61(1)
Reasonableness
62(2)
Frustration
64(1)
Owners' obligations with regard to the approach voyage
65
Chapter 2 Laytime Clauses -- Fixed and Customary Laytime
1(1)
Fixed laytime
1(5)
Calendar days
6(9)
Conventional days
15(4)
Running days
19(7)
Running hours, days and working days
26(1)
Working days
27(19)
Weather working days
46(18)
Weather working days -- suffixes
64(2)
SHEX -- Sundays and holidays excluded
66(2)
SHINC -- Sundays and holidays included
68(1)
UU -- unless used
69(1)
EIU -- even if used
70(2)
Calculation of weather interruptions in weather working days
72(21)
Weather working day of 24 working hours
93(1)
Saturdays and other incomplete days
94(4)
Method A
98(1)
Method B
99(1)
Method C
100(5)
Voylayrules 1993
105(3)
Working days, running hours, running days, weather permitting
108(20)
Working hours, working days of 24 hours, weather permitting
128(14)
Working hours per working day
142(7)
Working days of 24 consecutive hours, working days of 24 running hours, weather permitting
149(7)
Weather working day of 24 consecutive hours
156(3)
Laytime by reference to rates of working cargo
159(1)
Rate per working hatch (or available workable hatch)
160(18)
Availability of holds
178(1)
Rate per hatch
179(8)
Rate per hook
187(4)
Laytime expressed as a total daily rate
191(16)
Laytime expressed as a total daily rate basis -- a specified number of available workable hatches
207(15)
Customary laytime
222(2)
What is a reasonable time?
224(10)
Customary despatch
234(2)
Effect of custom
236(9)
Commencement of the obligation to load/discharge
245(10)
Delays due to Charterers/shippers/receivers
255(1)
Failure to provide a berth on arrival
256(5)
Failure to have a cargo in readiness
261(5)
As fast as the vessel could deliver
266(1)
Alternative methods of discharge
267(3)
Provision of defective cargo
270(5)
Delays arising without the default of either shipowners or Charterers
275(1)
Congestion
276(3)
Strikes
279(6)
Actions of port and other authorities
285(5)
Delay due to other third parties
290(2)
Weather and other natural phenomena
292(4)
Other terms of the charterparty
296(4)
Where customary laytime is exceeded
300(2)
Customary quick despatch
302
Chapter 3 Commencement of Laytime
1(1)
The specified destination
2(39)
Berth charters
41(8)
Dock charters
49(9)
Port charters
58(3)
Arrival within the port
61(5)
Kolcata/Haldia/Sandheads
66(23)
At the immediate and effective disposition of the Charterer
89(56)
The end of the voyage where the intended berth is available
145(1)
End of the sea passage
146(2)
Readiness to load and discharge
148(6)
Physical readiness
154(30)
Overstowed cargo
184(4)
Equipment
188(12)
Other physical matters
200(7)
Legal readiness
207(4)
Common law
211(2)
Customs clearance
213(1)
Free pratique and quarantine
214(18)
Additional requirements
232(12)
Contracts of sale
244(5)
Implied requirements
249(10)
Notice of readiness
259(4)
When and how to be given
263(14)
Express provisions
277(14)
Tender of notice in excepted periods
291(5)
Time permitted for tender of notices of readiness and cancellation clauses
296(3)
Notice in advance of arrival
299(4)
Time lapse between readiness and commencement of laytime
303(5)
The Gencon form of charter
308(1)
Notice given before commencement date for laytime
309(2)
Correctness of notice of readiness
311(29)
Notice of readiness and clause 6 of the Asbatankvoy form of charter
340(11)
Acceptance of notice
351(33)
Readiness and readiness
384(8)
Work before laytime commences
392(10)
Changes to the beginning of laytime
402(3)
Custom
405(6)
Obstacles created by the Charterer
411(3)
Failure to have cargo available or arrangements for discharge
414(3)
Congestion due to Charterer's other commitments
417(7)
Charterer's duty to act to enable a vessel to become an Arrived ship
424(7)
Whether in berth or not (WIBON)
431(24)
Whether in port or not (WIPON)
455(11)
Time lost in waiting for berth to count as laytime
466(18)
How time lost should be counted
484(4)
Time lost in waiting for berth to count in full
488(2)
Norgrain charter -- waiting for berth
490(2)
Gencon 94 form
492(6)
Reachable on arrival/always accessible
498(24)
Baltic Code 2007
522(2)
Always accessible -- for how long must the berth be accessible?
524(16)
Always afloat
540(1)
So near thereto as she may safely get
541(8)
A Nature of the obstacle
549(4)
B Length of time actually spent waiting
553(2)
C Length of expected delay
555(1)
D Degree of risk known to exist
556(2)
E How close to the intended port the vessel can get
558(2)
F Proportion of cargo to be loaded/discharged at the obstructed port
560(2)
In regular turn/in usual turn
562(14)
Limits of delay
576(1)
Custom and practice
577(2)
Loss of turn
579(2)
Delay after berthing
581(1)
Demurrage in respect of waiting time
582(7)
Time to commence on being reported at the Custom House
589(4)
To be loaded as per colliery guarantee
593
Chapter 4 Interruptions and Exceptions to Laytime
1(1)
The contra proferentem rule
5(8)
General principles
13(5)
Do exclusion Clauses cover events occurring before the date of the charter and/or the commencement of laytime?
18(3)
Fault of the shipowner
21(3)
To which delays does this principle apply?
24(3)
Speed claims in voyage charters
27(2)
Fault
29(8)
Other cases relating to fault
37(14)
Demurrage arising from cargo damage and delays on the carrying voyage
51(2)
For whose fault is the shipowner responsible?
53(14)
Bunkering
67(7)
Ballasting and deballasting
74(6)
Opening and closing of hatches
80(1)
Seal inspections
81(2)
Payment of port dues
83(2)
Non-production of bills of lading
85(7)
Crane and cargo gear breakdowns
92(1)
Excessive air draft
93(1)
Communications with vessel
94(1)
The Altus
95(2)
Exclusion of fault
97(9)
"Any other cause beyond the control of charterers"
106(11)
General exceptions clauses
117(7)
"Any other cause beyond the control of charterers"
124(30)
Overtime ordered by port authorities to count as laytime
154(4)
Congestion
158(4)
Force majeure
162(3)
Adverse weather
165(12)
The limits of weather
177(10)
Particular types of weather
187(1)
Frost
187(9)
Ice
196(2)
Ice in relation to cargo operations
198(7)
Ice clauses
205(90)
Gencon
295(1)
Port of loading
295(1)
Port of discharge
296(1)
Asbatankvoy
296(1)
Exxonvoy 84
296(1)
Norgrain 73
297
Surf
215(4)
Swell
219(5)
Bore tides
224(5)
Causation and weather
229(1)
Interruptions
230(6)
Exceptions
236(16)
Conoco weather clause
252(6)
Evidence of bad weather
258(1)
Holidays
259(1)
What is a holiday?
260(2)
Regulations and law
262(8)
Custom and practice
270(5)
Particular types of holidays
275(1)
"General or local holidays"
276(2)
"Legal holidays"
278(1)
"Official and local holidays"
279(3)
"Charterparty holidays"
282(2)
"Legal and local holidays"
284(2)
"Super holidays"
286(2)
"Non-working holidays"
288(1)
The BIMCO calendar
289(1)
Holidays and working days
290(10)
Part holidays
300(5)
Saturdays
305(5)
Overtime
310(1)
Custom
311(6)
Local law
317(7)
Saturdays today
324(1)
Baltimore Form C Saturday clause
325(6)
Weekend clause
331(5)
Working in excepted periods
336(1)
Where provided for
337(6)
Where not provided for
343(8)
Strikes
351(2)
Meaning of "strike"
353(10)
Causation
363(5)
A Provision of cargo
368(3)
B Congestion and consequential delays
371(14)
C Duty to lessen effect
385(19)
D Length of delay
404(7)
Centrocon strike clause
411(4)
First part
415(18)
Second part
433(6)
Third part
439(4)
Fourth part
443(2)
Gencon strike clause
445(6)
First paragraph
451(5)
Second paragraph
456(11)
Third paragraph
467(13)
Shifting and lightening
480(1)
Shifting
480(44)
From one berth to another
524(7)
Enforced shifting
531(9)
Shifting expenses
540(15)
Warping
555(4)
Lightening
559(11)
Time used in lightening
570
Chapter 5 Other Laytime Matters
1(1)
Completion of laytime
1(21)
Dry cargo
22(1)
Loading
22(17)
Discharge
39(14)
Liquid cargo
53(27)
Averaging and reversing
80(330)
Laytime "averaged"
410(1)
"Reversible" laytime
410
Cases on averaging
88(9)
Cases on reversing
97(11)
Other similar clauses
108(3)
Multiple charters
111(3)
Are the charters to be read separately or together?
114(8)
Commencement and running of laytime
122(6)
Time lost in waiting for berth
128(22)
Other cargo operations carried out whilst waiting
150(4)
Demurrage
154(5)
Carriage of edible vegetable oils
159(3)
Nomination of loading and discharging berths
162(1)
Commencement of laytime and waiting time
163(2)
Laytime and demurrage
165(11)
Squeegeeing and sweeping
176(2)
Transhipment
178(5)
Laytime calculations
183
Chapter 6 Demurrage
1(1)
Meaning and nature
1(12)
Length and end of demurrage
13(1)
The end of demurrage
13(20)
Rate and payment of demurrage
33(4)
New Worldscale -- full tide: New Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale
37(1)
Payment
38(1)
Container demurrage
39(5)
Damages in addition to demurrage
44(37)
Mitigation and proof of loss
81(11)
Default of Charterer
92(9)
Default of shipowner
101(7)
Exceptions clauses and demurrage
108(19)
Shifting
127(1)
Half rate demurrage
128(7)
Storm
135(6)
Notices of readiness, periods of notice and commencement of demurrage
141(9)
Tanker warranties
150(34)
Pumping performance formula
184(1)
Pumping warranties relating to cargoes of molasses
185(1)
The effect of deviation on demurrage
186(13)
The end of demurrage -- permanent and temporary absence from the port
199(7)
Liability for demurrage
206(1)
General principles
206(8)
Incorporation of charterparty terms into bills of lading
214(8)
Liability of shippers, consignees, indorsees and receivers
222(19)
Liability of Charterers as bill of lading holders
241(8)
Nature of lien for demurrage
249(9)
The cost of exercising a lien
258(3)
Cesser clauses
261(6)
Construction of the charter
267(12)
Effectiveness of the lien
279(8)
Waiver of cesser clause
287(1)
Liabilities before and after shipment
288(6)
Master's rights to claim demurrage
294(4)
Liability of bills of lading holders inter se
298(1)
One calculation or many calculations
299(7)
How much must each pay?
306(5)
Demurrage time-bars
311(20)
Time of payment
331(1)
Should privileged documents be produced?
332(6)
Must all documents be produced together
338(3)
Were bills of lading "supporting documents"
341(4)
Settlement of demurrage claims
345(1)
Demurrage provisions in contracts of sale
346
Chapter 7 Despatch
1(1)
Some later cases
18(4)
Notice provisions
22(4)
Reversing and double despatch
26(5)
The Centrocon strike clause
31(4)
Delay after loading or discharging
35
Chapter 8 Detention
1(1)
Delay before the vessel reaches its specified destination
14(25)
Delay after arrival at the specified destination and during the running of laytime
39(13)
Delay during the running of demurrage
52(2)
Delay after the end of laytime and/or demurrage
54(2)
Delay after the end of cargo operations
56(29)
Delay by agreement
85(11)
Storage Charges
96(1)
Exception clauses
97(1)
Lien for damages for detention
98
Chapter 9 Frustration
1
A Destruction of ship or cargo
21(10)
B Inordinate delay
31(24)
C Illegality
55(7)
D Incapacity or death
62(2)
Self-induced frustration
64(3)
The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943
67(1)
The limits of the doctrine
68(525)
APPENDIX A LAYTIME DEFINITIONS
593(2)
APPENDIX B LAYTIME DEFINITIONS FOR CHARTER PARTIES 2013 BIMCO SPECIAL CIRCULAR NO. 8 DATED 10 SEPTEMBER 2013
595(8)
Introduction
595(1)
Background
595(1)
Content
596(1)
(a) Principles
596(1)
Commentary
596(1)
Preamble
596(3)
Recommended methods of incorporation
599(1)
Laytime definitions for charter parties 2013 Preamble
599(1)
Singular/plural
599(4)
APPENDIX C THE BALTIC EXCHANGE CHARTERPARTY AND LAYTIME TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
603(4)
Index 607
John Schofield is now a full time professional maritime Arbitrator who has a mixed maritime, legal, and commercial background. He has a Masters degree in Business law. is a Barrister of Grays Inn, a full member of the LMAA and a member of the Baltic exchange. Originally, he was an officer in the Royal Navy where his final job was standing by a ship under construction on the Tyne, sea trials and work up, giving him also shipyard experience.