Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

E-grāmata: Leveraging Advances in Modern Science to Revitalize Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United States

, , ,
  • Formāts: 342 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309275811
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts - EPUB+DRM
  • Cena: 41,32 €*
  • * ši ir gala cena, t.i., netiek piemērotas nekādas papildus atlaides
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
  • Šī e-grāmata paredzēta tikai personīgai lietošanai. E-grāmatas nav iespējams atgriezt un nauda par iegādātajām e-grāmatām netiek atmaksāta.
Leveraging Advances in Modern Science to Revitalize Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United StatesPalielināt
  • Formāts: 342 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309275811
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

DRM restrictions

  • Kopēšana (kopēt/ievietot):

    nav atļauts

  • Drukāšana:

    nav atļauts

  • Lietošana:

    Digitālo tiesību pārvaldība (Digital Rights Management (DRM))
    Izdevējs ir piegādājis šo grāmatu šifrētā veidā, kas nozīmē, ka jums ir jāinstalē bezmaksas programmatūra, lai to atbloķētu un lasītu. Lai lasītu šo e-grāmatu, jums ir jāizveido Adobe ID. Vairāk informācijas šeit. E-grāmatu var lasīt un lejupielādēt līdz 6 ierīcēm (vienam lietotājam ar vienu un to pašu Adobe ID).

    Nepieciešamā programmatūra
    Lai lasītu šo e-grāmatu mobilajā ierīcē (tālrunī vai planšetdatorā), jums būs jāinstalē šī bezmaksas lietotne: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Lai lejupielādētu un lasītu šo e-grāmatu datorā vai Mac datorā, jums ir nepieciešamid Adobe Digital Editions (šī ir bezmaksas lietotne, kas īpaši izstrādāta e-grāmatām. Tā nav tas pats, kas Adobe Reader, kas, iespējams, jau ir jūsu datorā.)

    Jūs nevarat lasīt šo e-grāmatu, izmantojot Amazon Kindle.

Radiation exposure at low doses (below 100 milligray) or low-dose rates (less than 5 milligray per hour) occurs in a wide range of medical, industrial, military, and commercial settings. The effects of exposure at these levels are not fully understood, but there are long-standing concerns that such exposure could negatively affect human health. Although cancer has been linked to low-dose radiation exposure for decades, there is increasing evidence that low-dose radiation exposure may also be associated with cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, immune dysfunction, and cataracts.



Recent advances in research, new tools, and a coordinated multidisciplinary research program could help fill knowledge gaps about the health impacts of low-dose radiation exposures. This report calls for the development of a U.S. research program to study how low doses of radiation affect cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other disease risks. Research should also better define the impacts of radiation doses, dose rates, types of radiation, and exposure duration. The report estimates $100 million annually for the next 15 years would be required to conduct epidemiological and biological research, and to establish an infrastructure for research.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Low-Dose Radiation Exposures and Health Effects 3 Scientific Basis for Radiation Protection 4 Status of Low-Dose Radiation Research 5 Prioritized Research Agenda 6 Essential Components of the Low-Dose Radiation Program References Appendix A: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 Appendix B: Committee and Staff Biographies Appendix C: Information-Gathering Meetings Appendix D: Projects Designated by the Department of Energy as "Low-Dose Radiation Projects" Carried Out at National Laboratories (20162021) Appendix E: Unedited Responses from Radiation Facilities
Common Acronyms And Abbreviations xxi
Summary 1(14)
1 Introduction
15(16)
1.1 Low-Dose Radiation Exposures to the U.S. Population
19(3)
1.2 Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United States
22(6)
1.3 Study Task and Approach
28(2)
1.4 Report Roadmap
30(1)
2 Low-Dose Radiation Exposures And Health Effects
31(44)
2.1 Low-Dose Radiation Sources and Exposures
33(31)
2.1.1 Natural Sources
38(5)
2.1.2 Medical Exposures
43(4)
2.1.3 Occupational Exposures
47(2)
2.1.4 Nuclear Power Operations
49(4)
2.1.5 Nuclear or Radiological Incidents
53(3)
2.1.6 Nuclear Weapons Program
56(5)
2.1.7 Nuclear Waste Management
61(3)
2.2 Current Epidemiological Evidence on Low-Dose Radiation Health Effects
64(9)
2.2.1 Cancer
64(2)
2.2.2 Cardiovascular Disease
66(1)
2.2.3 Neurological Disorders
67(1)
2.2.4 Immune Dysfunction
68(2)
2.2.5 Cataracts
70(1)
2.2.6 Heritable Genetic Effects
71(2)
2.3
Chapter Summary and Finding
73(2)
3 Scientific Basis For Radiation Protection
75(22)
3.1 The Radiation Protection Framework
75(5)
3.2 Agencies with Radiation Protection Responsibilities in the United States
80(2)
3.3 Science Behind Radiation Protection
82(11)
3.3.1 The Regulatory Development Process
84(1)
3.3.2 Decision-Making Frameworks for Radiation Protection
85(1)
3.3.3 Characterization of Risk in the Regulatory Development Process
86(7)
3.4 Potential Economic Impacts of the Low-Dose Radiation Research Program
93(2)
3.5
Chapter Summary and Findings
95(2)
4 Status Of Low-Dose Radiation Research
97(30)
4.1 Low-Dose Radiation Research in the U.S. Government
97(13)
4.1.1 Department of Energy
98(3)
4.1.2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
101(3)
4.1.3 National Institutes of Health
104(2)
4.1.4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
106(2)
4.1.5 Department of Defense
108(1)
4.1.6 National Science and Technology Council
109(1)
4.1.7 Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
110(1)
4.2 Low-Dose Radiation Research in National Laboratories
110(3)
4.3 Low-Dose Radiation Research in Universities
113(1)
4.4 Support for Low-Dose Radiation Research by Other U.S. Entities
113(2)
4.4.1 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
113(1)
4.4.2 Electric Power Research Institute
114(1)
4.4.3 Health Physics Society
114(1)
4.4.4 American Nuclear Society
115(1)
4.5 Support for Low-Dose Radiation Research Internationally
115(11)
4.5.1 Multidisciplinary European Low-Dose Initiative
116(1)
4.5.2 International Commission on Radiological Protection
117(1)
4.5.3 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
117(2)
4.5.4 Nuclear Energy Agency/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
119(1)
4.5.5 Support for Low-Dose Radiation Research in Canada
120(2)
4.5.6 Support for Low-Dose Radiation Research in Japan
122(4)
4.6
Chapter Summary
126(1)
5 Prioritized Research Agenda
127(62)
5.1 Low-Dose Radiation Research Challenges and Overview of Research Priorities
127(7)
5.2 Epidemiological Research Priorities
134(12)
5.2.1 Develop and Deploy Analytical Tools for Radiation Epidemiology (Priority El)
134(5)
5.2.2 Improve Estimation of Risks for Cancer and Non-Cancer Health Outcomes from Low-Dose External and Internal Radiation Exposures, Including Suitable Surrogate Biomarkers of Health Risk Where Appropriate (Priority E2)
139(3)
5.2.3 Determine Factors That Alter the Low-Dose and Low-Dose-Rate Radiation-Related Adverse Health Effects (Priority E3)
142(4)
5.3 Biological Research Priorities
146(14)
5.3.1 Develop More Accurate Model Systems for Study of Low-Dose and Low-Dose-Rate Radiation-Induced Health Effects (Priority B1)
146(5)
5.3.2 Develop Biomarkers for Radiation-Induced Adverse Health Outcomes (Priority B2)
151(3)
5.3.3 Define Health-Effect Dose-Response Relationships Around 10 mGy or 5 mGy/h (Priority B3)
154(3)
5.3.4 Identify Factors That Modify or Confound Estimation of Risks for Radiation-Induced Adverse Health Outcomes (Priority B4)
157(3)
5.4 Research Infrastructure Priorities
160(20)
5.4.1 Tools for Sensitive Detection and Precise Characterization of Aberrant Cell and Tissue States (Priority II)
160(8)
5.4.2 Harmonized Databases to Support Biological and Epidemiological Studies (Priority 12)
168(2)
5.4.3 Dosimetry for Low-Dose and Low-Dose-Rate Exposures (Priority 13)
170(4)
5.4.4 Facilities for Low-Dose and Low-Dose-Rate Exposures (Priority 14)
174(6)
5.5 Estimated Timeline and Costs
180(4)
5.6 Comparison of the Committee-Recommended Research Agenda to Those of Other Entities
184(1)
5.7
Chapter Summary, Findings, and Recommendation
185(4)
6 Essential Components Of The Low-Dose Radiation Program
189(78)
6.1 Programmatic Commitment
190(1)
6.2 Independent Advice and Evaluation
191(4)
6.3 Transparency
195(1)
6.4 A Prioritized Strategic Research Agenda
196(1)
6.5 Research-Sponsorship Mechanisms
196(5)
6.5.1 Development of Research Solicitation
197(1)
6.5.2 Review of Applications
197(1)
6.5.3 Funding Mechanisms
197(2)
6.5.4 Research Oversight
199(1)
6.5.5 Data Management and Sharing
199(1)
6.5.6 Dissemination of Scientific Results
200(1)
6.6 Training
201(3)
6.7 Engagement and Communications with Stakeholders
204(5)
6.8 Coordination
209(5)
6.8.1 Mechanisms for Coordination
209(3)
6.8.2 Leadership
212(2)
6.9 Department of Energy and Management of the Low-Dose Program
214(3)
6.9.1 Congress's Views
215(1)
6.9.2 DOE's Views
215(1)
6.9.3 Views of Members of the Scientific Community
216(1)
6.9.4 Views of Members of the Impacted Communities
216(1)
6.9.5 The Committee's Views
216(1)
6.10
Chapter Summary, Findings, and Recommendation
217(4)
References
221(46)
APPENDIXES
A Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
267(4)
B Committee and Staff Biographies
271(10)
C Information-Gathering Meetings
281(8)
D Projects Designated by the Department of Energy as "Low-Dose Radiation Projects" Carried Out at National Laboratories (2016-2021)
289(6)
E Unedited Responses from Radiation Facilities
295
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/97803092758116e.html